Question 1

The ________ variable changes as a function of the ________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent; independent 
B)  nuisance; dependent 
C)  independent; dependent 
D)  extraneous; independent 
A)  dependent; independent 
B)  nuisance; dependent 
C)  independent; dependent 
D)  extraneous; independent

Question 2

A dependent variable is _____ when it measures what it is supposed to measure.

Accepted Answer

A)  reliable 
B)  confounded 
C)  valid 
D)  extraneous 
A)  reliable 
B)  confounded 
C)  valid 
D)  extraneous

Question 3

Unwanted variables that can cause the variability of scores within groups to increase are called _________ variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  extraneous 
B)  dependent 
C)  independent 
D)  nuisance 
A)  extraneous 
B)  dependent 
C)  independent 
D)  nuisance

Question 4

What is the main drawback of randomization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Randomization increases the risk of carryover effects. 
B)  The researcher cannot be sure that all extraneous variables have been equally distributed across the groups. 
C)  It is very difficult to implement this technique. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Randomization increases the risk of carryover effects. 
B)  The researcher cannot be sure that all extraneous variables have been equally distributed across the groups. 
C)  It is very difficult to implement this technique. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 5

What is ONE independent variable? How many levels does it have?

Accepted Answer

One independent variable is the feedback

Question 6

Jose would like to do a study in which each participant is exposed to 12 different treatments. Which kind of counterbalancing would be easiest for him to implement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Within-subject counterbalancing 
B)  Complete counterbalancing 
C)  Incomplete counterbalancing 
D)  Differential counterbalancing 
A)  Within-subject counterbalancing 
B)  Complete counterbalancing 
C)  Incomplete counterbalancing 
D)  Differential counterbalancing

Question 7

When the participants in an experiment are subjected to conditions that alter or change their normal biological state, a(n) _________ independent variable is being used.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus 
B)  participant 
C)  experience 
D)  physiological 
A)  stimulus 
B)  participant 
C)  experience 
D)  physiological

Question 8

A researcher calculates how many times a rat presses a lever after having been either reinforced or punished. What kind of dependent variable is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  latency or duration 
B)  degree or amount 
C)  rate or frequency 
D)  correctness 
A)  latency or duration 
B)  degree or amount 
C)  rate or frequency 
D)  correctness

Question 9

When the effects of amount or type of previous training or learning are manipulated, the researcher is using a(n) __________ independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological 
B)  stimulus 
C)  experience 
D)  participant 
A)  physiological 
B)  stimulus 
C)  experience 
D)  participant

Question 10

A researcher would like to compare the effectiveness of two drugs to treat anxiety. He gives Drug A to a participant and then gives Drug B to that same participant 12 hours later. Unfortunately, Drug A is not fully out of the participant's system yet, so the study is contaminated by

Accepted Answer

A)  response bias. 
B)  a carryover effect. 
C)  demand characteristics. 
D)  experimenter bias. 
A)  response bias. 
B)  a carryover effect. 
C)  demand characteristics. 
D)  experimenter bias.

Question 11

Briefly describe the five basic control techniques: randomization, elimination, constancy, balancing, and counterbalancing.

Accepted Answer

The five basic control techniques are me

Question 12

Why is a "participant" independent variable different from other kinds of independent variables?

Accepted Answer

A "participant" independent variable, of

Question 13

Explain the difference between nuisance variables and extraneous variables. Give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Nuisance variables and extraneous variab

Question 14

Why is it important to use operational definitions in research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows extraneous variables to be controlled. 
B)  It allows other researchers to replicate the research. 
C)  It is the only way to randomly assign participants to conditions. 
D)  It is allows nuisance variables to be controlled. 
A)  It allows extraneous variables to be controlled. 
B)  It allows other researchers to replicate the research. 
C)  It is the only way to randomly assign participants to conditions. 
D)  It is allows nuisance variables to be controlled.

Question 15

Boice and Gargano (2001) conducted a study in which some participants received zero cues and others received eight cues when trying to remember items in a list. What kind of independent variable was being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  participant 
B)  experience 
C)  stimulus 
D)  physiological 
A)  participant 
B)  experience 
C)  stimulus 
D)  physiological

Question 16

Describe validity and reliability as they relate to dependent variables.

Accepted Answer

Validity and reliability are important c

Question 17

What is a variable? How many values should a variable have, and why should it have that many values?

Accepted Answer

A variable is a placeholder for a value

Question 18

Within-_______ counterbalancing refers to the presentation of different treatment sequences to the same participant, and within-_________ counterbalancing refers to the presentation of different treatment sequences to different participants.

Accepted Answer

A)  subject; group 
B)  group; subject 
C)  treatment; subject 
D)  treatment; group 
A)  subject; group 
B)  group; subject 
C)  treatment; subject 
D)  treatment; group

Question 19

In _________ counterbalancing, each participant must experience each condition more than once.

Accepted Answer

A)  within-subject 
B)  within-group 
C)  complete 
D)  incomplete 
A)  within-subject 
B)  within-group 
C)  complete 
D)  incomplete

The variable changes as a function of the variable.

A dependent variable is _____ when it measures what it is supposed to measure.

Unwanted variables that can cause the variability of scores within groups to increase are called _________ variables.

What is the main drawback of randomization?

What is ONE independent variable? How many levels does it have?

Jose would like to do a study in which each participant is exposed to 12 different treatments. Which kind of counterbalancing would be easiest for him to implement?

When the participants in an experiment are subjected to conditions that alter or change their normal biological state, a(n) _________ independent variable is being used.

A researcher calculates how many times a rat presses a lever after having been either reinforced or punished. What kind of dependent variable is this?

When the effects of amount or type of previous training or learning are manipulated, the researcher is using a(n) __________ independent variable.

A researcher would like to compare the effectiveness of two drugs to treat anxiety. He gives Drug A to a participant and then gives Drug B to that same participant 12 hours later. Unfortunately, Drug A is not fully out of the participant's system yet, so the study is contaminated by

Briefly describe the five basic control techniques: randomization, elimination, constancy, balancing, and counterbalancing.

Why is a "participant" independent variable different from other kinds of independent variables?

Explain the difference between nuisance variables and extraneous variables. Give an example of each.

Why is it important to use operational definitions in research?

Boice and Gargano (2001) conducted a study in which some participants received zero cues and others received eight cues when trying to remember items in a list. What kind of independent variable was being used?

Describe validity and reliability as they relate to dependent variables.

What is a variable? How many values should a variable have, and why should it have that many values?

Within-_ counterbalancing refers to the presentation of different treatment sequences to the same participant, and within-___ counterbalancing refers to the presentation of different treatment sequences to different participants.

In _________ counterbalancing, each participant must experience each condition more than once.

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 6: Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

The ________ variable changes as a function of the ________ variable.

A dependent variable is _____ when it measures what it is supposed to measure.

Unwanted variables that can cause the variability of scores within groups to increase are called _________ variables.

What is the main drawback of randomization?

What is ONE independent variable? How many levels does it have?

Jose would like to do a study in which each participant is exposed to 12 different treatments. Which kind of counterbalancing would be easiest for him to implement?

When the participants in an experiment are subjected to conditions that alter or change their normal biological state, a(n) _________ independent variable is being used.

A researcher calculates how many times a rat presses a lever after having been either reinforced or punished. What kind of dependent variable is this?

When the effects of amount or type of previous training or learning are manipulated, the researcher is using a(n) __________ independent variable.

A researcher would like to compare the effectiveness of two drugs to treat anxiety. He gives Drug A to a participant and then gives Drug B to that same participant 12 hours later. Unfortunately, Drug A is not fully out of the participant's system yet, so the study is contaminated by

Briefly describe the five basic control techniques: randomization, elimination, constancy, balancing, and counterbalancing.

Why is a "participant" independent variable different from other kinds of independent variables?

Explain the difference between nuisance variables and extraneous variables. Give an example of each.

Why is it important to use operational definitions in research?

Boice and Gargano (2001) conducted a study in which some participants received zero cues and others received eight cues when trying to remember items in a list. What kind of independent variable was being used?

Describe validity and reliability as they relate to dependent variables.

What is a variable? How many values should a variable have, and why should it have that many values?

Within-_______ counterbalancing refers to the presentation of different treatment sequences to the same participant, and within-_________ counterbalancing refers to the presentation of different treatment sequences to different participants.

In _________ counterbalancing, each participant must experience each condition more than once.

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

The variable changes as a function of the variable.

Within-_ counterbalancing refers to the presentation of different treatment sequences to the same participant, and within-___ counterbalancing refers to the presentation of different treatment sequences to different participants.