Exam 4: Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Which of the following is one of the guidelines for writing good survey questions?

If every member of the population has an equal likelihood of being included in the study, the researcher has obtained a _________ sample.

Kimberly's new depression scale correlates positively with psychologists' ratings of their patients' depression. Kimberly's depression scale shows high

The criteria for being included as a participant in the study was as follows: (a) have a telephone, (b) be 18 years of age or older, (c) live in the contiguous 48 states, and (d) speak English. Do you think the authors obtained a random sample of such individuals? Why or why not?

The degree to which the score on a test or inventory corresponds with another measure of the designated trait is known as _________ validity.

Madeleine has developed a new scale to measure conscientiousness. This scale would best be described as a(n)

Define interobserver reliability and list some ways to increase interobserver reliability.

According to your text, "You find a research idea when you identify a gap in the current knowledge base…" . What was the gap in the knowledge base, according to the authors?

Briefly describe four different types of questions that can appear on a survey.

Distinguish among the single-strata approach, cross-sectional research, and longitudinal research, and give an example of each.

Janice wishes to ensure that she has equal numbers of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors in her sample. She separates the population into subpopulations according to class rank and draws random samples from each subpopulation. Janice has engaged in ___________ sampling.

____________ sampling refers to observing the same behavior in different situations.

If you would like to determine how variables are related, you would use a(n) ________ survey.

"What is your age?" This question falls under the category of ________ data.

Nyla compares the voting preferences of 20-year-olds and 40-year-olds at a single point in time. Nyla has done ________ research.

Research methods that do not involve the manipulation of any variables are called

Preliminary testing that is done prior to the completion of a research project is known as __________ testing.

All of the following are advantages of personal interviews EXCEPT:

Why should observational research involve two or more observers?

Participants sometimes respond differently when they know they are being observed. This is referred to as