Question 1

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the shape of a virion?

Accepted Answer

A)  the source of the envelope 
B)  the specific host protein the virus targets 
C)  the number of segments of the viral genome 
D)  the capsid 
E)  the type of nucleic acid 
A)  the source of the envelope 
B)  the specific host protein the virus targets 
C)  the number of segments of the viral genome 
D)  the capsid 
E)  the type of nucleic acid D

Question 2

Double- stranded RNA genomes can be found

Accepted Answer

A)  only in cells. 
B)  only in prions. 
C)  in both cells and viruses. 
D)  in both prions and viruses. 
E)  only in viruses. 
A)  only in cells. 
B)  only in prions. 
C)  in both cells and viruses. 
D)  in both prions and viruses. 
E)  only in viruses. E

Question 3

How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  They lack nucleic acid. 
B)  They cannot reproduce outside a cell. 
C)  They can be destroyed by incineration. 
D)  They act as slow viruses. 
E)  They cause neurological problems. 
A)  They lack nucleic acid. 
B)  They cannot reproduce outside a cell. 
C)  They can be destroyed by incineration. 
D)  They act as slow viruses. 
E)  They cause neurological problems. A

Question 4

Bacteriophage release is a gradual process in which small numbers are released at a time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Small circular RNA molecules without capsids are characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses and prions. 
B)  plasmids. 
C)  prions. 
D)  viruses. 
E)  viroids. 
A)  viruses and prions. 
B)  plasmids. 
C)  prions. 
D)  viruses. 
E)  viroids.

Question 6

During , viruses remain dormant in animal cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  latency 
B)  budding 
C)  lytic replication 
D)  oncogenesis 
E)  persistent infection 
A)  latency 
B)  budding 
C)  lytic replication 
D)  oncogenesis 
E)  persistent infection

Question 7

Assembly of new viruses is a process that usually requires the direction of a variety of viral and cellular enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A lipid membrane is present in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  prions 
B)  viroids 
C)  naked viruses 
D)  enveloped viruses 
E)  both prions and viroids 
A)  prions 
B)  viroids 
C)  naked viruses 
D)  enveloped viruses 
E)  both prions and viroids

Question 9

Describe the mechanism by which PrP is infectious.

Accepted Answer

The clue to why PrP acts as an infectiou

Question 10

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is an example of a prion disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Diploid cell cultures and continuous cell cultures differ in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  convenience of use 
B)  source of cells 
C)  longevity 
D)  both longevity and convenience of use 
E)  both longevity and source of cells 
A)  convenience of use 
B)  source of cells 
C)  longevity 
D)  both longevity and convenience of use 
E)  both longevity and source of cells

Question 12

Virus replication results in the death of the cell in infection(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  a lysogenic 
B)  a lytic 
C)  a latent 
D)  a persistent 
E)  both latent and persistent 
A)  a lysogenic 
B)  a lytic 
C)  a latent 
D)  a persistent 
E)  both latent and persistent

Question 13

Which means of entry into host cells is common to both some animal viruses and bacteriophage T4?

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane fusion 
B)  endocytosis 
C)  direct penetration 
D)  both endocytosis and direct penetration 
E)  endocytosis, direct penetration, and membrane fusion 
A)  membrane fusion 
B)  endocytosis 
C)  direct penetration 
D)  both endocytosis and direct penetration 
E)  endocytosis, direct penetration, and membrane fusion

Question 14

Some human viruses are difficult to study because

Accepted Answer

A)  they establish latent infections and cannot be induced. 
B)  the growth medium for the host cells is complex. 
C)  very few laboratories have the skills to culture the viruses. 
D)  they grow very slowly. 
E)  they only grow in normal human cells. 
A)  they establish latent infections and cannot be induced. 
B)  the growth medium for the host cells is complex. 
C)  very few laboratories have the skills to culture the viruses. 
D)  they grow very slowly. 
E)  they only grow in normal human cells.

Question 15

Viruses cause most human cancers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

RNA viruses such as HIV require the activity of reverse (transcriptase/polymerase) to become proviruses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of RNA viruses such as HIV require the...

Question 17

Which of the following agents is capable of inducing conversion of a prophage to the lytic cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  X- rays 
B)  both UV light and the presence of +ssRNA 
C)  presence of +ssRNA 
D)  UV light 
E)  both UV light and X- rays 
A)  X- rays 
B)  both UV light and the presence of +ssRNA 
C)  presence of +ssRNA 
D)  UV light 
E)  both UV light and X- rays

Question 18

Some viruses can be cultured on (continuous/diploid/animal) cells which are descended from neoplastic cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some viruses can be cultured on (continuous/diploid/animal)...

Question 19

The outermost layer of a virion fulfills which of the following functions of the virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  protection 
B)  replication 
C)  recognition 
D)  both protection and recognition 
E)  both recognition and replication 
A)  protection 
B)  replication 
C)  recognition 
D)  both protection and recognition 
E)  both recognition and replication

Question 20

Which of the following laboratory procedures is used for culturing animal viruses in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

A)  broth cultures 
B)  both cell cultures and embryonated eggs 
C)  synthetic cytoplasm 
D)  embryonated eggs 
E)  cell cultures 
A)  broth cultures 
B)  both cell cultures and embryonated eggs 
C)  synthetic cytoplasm 
D)  embryonated eggs 
E)  cell cultures

Exam 13: Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the shape of a virion?

Double- stranded RNA genomes can be found

How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?

Bacteriophage release is a gradual process in which small numbers are released at a time.

Small circular RNA molecules without capsids are characteristic of

During , viruses remain dormant in animal cells.

Assembly of new viruses is a process that usually requires the direction of a variety of viral and cellular enzymes.

A lipid membrane is present in which of the following?

Describe the mechanism by which PrP is infectious.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is an example of a prion disease.

Diploid cell cultures and continuous cell cultures differ in which of the following ways?

Virus replication results in the death of the cell in infection(s).

Which means of entry into host cells is common to both some animal viruses and bacteriophage T4?

Some human viruses are difficult to study because

Viruses cause most human cancers.

RNA viruses such as HIV require the activity of reverse (transcriptase/polymerase) to become proviruses.

Which of the following agents is capable of inducing conversion of a prophage to the lytic cycle?

Some viruses can be cultured on (continuous/diploid/animal) cells which are descended from neoplastic cells.

The outermost layer of a virion fulfills which of the following functions of the virus?

Which of the following laboratory procedures is used for culturing animal viruses in the laboratory?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Infection, Infectious Disease, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic Dna Viruses

Pathogenic Rna Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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