Question 1

Which of the following is a primary advantage of semisynthetic drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They work faster. 
B)  They have a broader spectrum of action. 
C)  They are not readily absorbed, so they persist longer. 
D)  They are less stable and consequently have fewer side effects. 
E)  They must be administered intravenously. 
A)  They work faster. 
B)  They have a broader spectrum of action. 
C)  They are not readily absorbed, so they persist longer. 
D)  They are less stable and consequently have fewer side effects. 
E)  They must be administered intravenously.

Question 2

The abbreviation (MIC/MID/MD) stands for the smallest amount of a drug that will inhibit the growth and reproduction of a pathogen. (Be sure to use all capital letters.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The abbreviation (MIC/MID/MD) stands for the smallest...

Question 3

Antimicrobials that block protein synthesis by binding to the mRNA are

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid analogs. 
B)  aminoglycosides. 
C)  macrolides. 
D)  beta- lactams. 
E)  antisense nucleic acids. 
A)  nucleic acid analogs. 
B)  aminoglycosides. 
C)  macrolides. 
D)  beta- lactams. 
E)  antisense nucleic acids.

Question 4

Beta- lactam antibiotics have an effect on which of the following types of cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  fungal cells 
B)  virus- infected cells 
C)  animal cells 
D)  bacterial cells 
E)  both animal and fungal cells 
A)  fungal cells 
B)  virus- infected cells 
C)  animal cells 
D)  bacterial cells 
E)  both animal and fungal cells

Question 5

Which of the following drugs specifically targets cell walls that contain arabinogalactan- mycolic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  isoniazid 
B)  methicillin 
C)  penicillin 
D)  vancomycin 
E)  bacitracin 
A)  isoniazid 
B)  methicillin 
C)  penicillin 
D)  vancomycin 
E)  bacitracin

Question 6

A compound is extracted from a microbial culture and is modified in the laboratory for use as an oral medication. This product would be a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  semisynthetic antimicrobial. 
B)  probiotic. 
C)  antibiotic. 
D)  synthetic antimicrobial. 
E)  analog. 
A)  semisynthetic antimicrobial. 
B)  probiotic. 
C)  antibiotic. 
D)  synthetic antimicrobial. 
E)  analog.

Question 7

Organs that are commonly affected by drug toxicity include the kidneys and the liver.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Most drugs that inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall act by

Accepted Answer

A)  preventing the formation of fi- lactamases. 
B)  blocking the secretion of cell wall molecules from the cytoplasm. 
C)  preventing the formation of alanine- alanine bridges. 
D)  disrupting the formation of the mycolic acid layer of the cell wall. 
E)  preventing the cross- linkage of NAM subunits. 
A)  preventing the formation of fi- lactamases. 
B)  blocking the secretion of cell wall molecules from the cytoplasm. 
C)  preventing the formation of alanine- alanine bridges. 
D)  disrupting the formation of the mycolic acid layer of the cell wall. 
E)  preventing the cross- linkage of NAM subunits.

Question 9

The E- test determines which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) 
B)  MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) 
C)  susceptibility 
D)  both MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) 
E)  both susceptibility and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) 
A)  MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) 
B)  MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) 
C)  susceptibility 
D)  both MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) 
E)  both susceptibility and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration)

Question 10

Which of the following antifungals works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  amphotericin B 
B)  fluconazole 
C)  both fluconazole and turbinafine 
D)  nystatin 
E)  turbinafine 
A)  amphotericin B 
B)  fluconazole 
C)  both fluconazole and turbinafine 
D)  nystatin 
E)  turbinafine

Question 11

An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure. 
B)  The replication of cells, including cancer cells, slows down. 
C)  Cells cannot attach to their hosts. 
D)  Ribosomes lose their function. 
E)  The sterols in the cell wall become nonfunctional. 
A)  Cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure. 
B)  The replication of cells, including cancer cells, slows down. 
C)  Cells cannot attach to their hosts. 
D)  Ribosomes lose their function. 
E)  The sterols in the cell wall become nonfunctional.

Question 12

This figure represents a Petri plate. The gray area is where bacteria A is growing, the black area is where bacteria B is growing. The white area is a zone where neither organism is growing. What is the best interpretation of what is observed on the plate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria A produces a compound that inhibits the growth of bacteria B. 
B)  Bacterial colony B has depleted the nutrients in the area around the colony. 
C)  Bacteria A grows faster than bacteria B. 
D)  Bacteria B is producing an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria A. 
E)  No conclusion can be made from this information. 
A)  Bacteria A produces a compound that inhibits the growth of bacteria B. 
B)  Bacterial colony B has depleted the nutrients in the area around the colony. 
C)  Bacteria A grows faster than bacteria B. 
D)  Bacteria B is producing an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria A. 
E)  No conclusion can be made from this information.

Question 13

Antiviral medications frequently block unique (proteins/enzymes/molecules) to prevent production of new virus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antiviral medications frequently block unique (proteins/enzymes/molecules) to...

Question 14

Discuss the cellular factors that might make a drug's spectrum of action narrow rather than broad.

Accepted Answer

When a drug is labeled "narrow- spectrum

Question 15

The mechanism of action of the antibiotic vancomycin is

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of cell wall synthesis. 
B)  disruption of cytoplasmic membranes. 
C)  inhibition of protein synthesis. 
D)  inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. 
E)  inhibition of a metabolic pathway. 
A)  inhibition of cell wall synthesis. 
B)  disruption of cytoplasmic membranes. 
C)  inhibition of protein synthesis. 
D)  inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. 
E)  inhibition of a metabolic pathway.

Question 16

R- plasmids are extrachromosomal DNAs that contain genes for antimicrobial resistance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Antimicrobial sugar analogs are effective for

Accepted Answer

A)  preventing bacterial protein synthesis. 
B)  preventing virus attachment. 
C)  preventing cell membrane synthesis. 
D)  blocking a metabolic pathway. 
E)  preventing nucleic acid synthesis. 
A)  preventing bacterial protein synthesis. 
B)  preventing virus attachment. 
C)  preventing cell membrane synthesis. 
D)  blocking a metabolic pathway. 
E)  preventing nucleic acid synthesis.

Question 18

Ribavirin is an antiviral that interferes with

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid synthesis. 
B)  protein synthesis. 
C)  cell wall synthesis. 
D)  viral attachment. 
E)  cell membrane component synthesis. 
A)  nucleic acid synthesis. 
B)  protein synthesis. 
C)  cell wall synthesis. 
D)  viral attachment. 
E)  cell membrane component synthesis.

Question 19

How does resistance to drugs spread in bacterial populations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Horizontal gene transfer between bacteria spreads R (resistance) plasmids. 
B)  Exposure to drugs causes mutations in bacterial genes. 
C)  The formation of biofilms protects bacteria from the effects of drugs. 
D)  Exposure to drugs alters gene expression in bacteria. 
E)  Both horizontal gene transfer and the growth of biofilms spread drug resistance. 
A)  Horizontal gene transfer between bacteria spreads R (resistance) plasmids. 
B)  Exposure to drugs causes mutations in bacterial genes. 
C)  The formation of biofilms protects bacteria from the effects of drugs. 
D)  Exposure to drugs alters gene expression in bacteria. 
E)  Both horizontal gene transfer and the growth of biofilms spread drug resistance.

Question 20

Alterations in the structure of which of the following are an important aspect of Gram- negative bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmids 
B)  cytoplasmic membrane 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  porins 
E)  mitochondria 
A)  plasmids 
B)  cytoplasmic membrane 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  porins 
E)  mitochondria

Exam 10: Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Which of the following is a primary advantage of semisynthetic drugs?

The abbreviation (MIC/MID/MD) stands for the smallest amount of a drug that will inhibit the growth and reproduction of a pathogen. (Be sure to use all capital letters.)

Antimicrobials that block protein synthesis by binding to the mRNA are

Beta- lactam antibiotics have an effect on which of the following types of cells?

Which of the following drugs specifically targets cell walls that contain arabinogalactan- mycolic acid?

A compound is extracted from a microbial culture and is modified in the laboratory for use as an oral medication. This product would be a(n)

Organs that are commonly affected by drug toxicity include the kidneys and the liver.

Most drugs that inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall act by

The E- test determines which of the following?

Which of the following antifungals works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis?

An antimicrobial that inhibits cell wall synthesis will result in which of the following?

This figure represents a Petri plate. The gray area is where bacteria A is growing, the black area is where bacteria B is growing. The white area is a zone where neither organism is growing. What is the best interpretation of what is observed on the plate?

Antiviral medications frequently block unique (proteins/enzymes/molecules) to prevent production of new virus.

Discuss the cellular factors that might make a drug's spectrum of action narrow rather than broad.

The mechanism of action of the antibiotic vancomycin is

R- plasmids are extrachromosomal DNAs that contain genes for antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial sugar analogs are effective for

Ribavirin is an antiviral that interferes with

How does resistance to drugs spread in bacterial populations?

Alterations in the structure of which of the following are an important aspect of Gram- negative bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Disease, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic Dna Viruses

Pathogenic Rna Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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