Question 1

Imagine that beaker A has a 10% sucrose solution, and beaker B has an 8% sucrose solution. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  beaker A is hypertonic relative to beaker B. 
B)  beaker A is hypotonic relative to beaker B. 
C)  beaker A is isotonic relative to beaker B. 
A)  beaker A is hypertonic relative to beaker B. 
B)  beaker A is hypotonic relative to beaker B. 
C)  beaker A is isotonic relative to beaker B. A

Question 2

The electrical signal for a muscle to contract passes rapidly from one cell to the next via

Accepted Answer

A)  internal proteins. 
B)  gap junctions. 
C)  plasmodesmata. 
D)  desmosomes. 
E)  tight junctions. 
A)  internal proteins. 
B)  gap junctions. 
C)  plasmodesmata. 
D)  desmosomes. 
E)  tight junctions. B

Question 3

Active transport requires all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  a gradient. 
B)  transport proteins. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  a membrane. 
E)  aquaporins. 
A)  a gradient. 
B)  transport proteins. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  a membrane. 
E)  aquaporins. E

Question 4

You observe a cell under a microscope and you can clearly see a cell wall, a vacuole, and cytoplasmic connections. These cytoplasmic connections must be

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  osmotic channels. 
C)  tight junctions. 
D)  gap junctions. 
E)  desmosomes. 
A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  osmotic channels. 
C)  tight junctions. 
D)  gap junctions. 
E)  desmosomes.

Question 5

Specialized cell junctions include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  gap junctions. 
B)  desmosomes. 
C)  phospholipases. 
D)  tight junctions. 
A)  gap junctions. 
B)  desmosomes. 
C)  phospholipases. 
D)  tight junctions.

Question 6

What prevents your immune system from attacking your own cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receptor proteins 
B)  Fever 
C)  Cholesterol 
D)  Recognition proteins 
E)  Inadequate enzymes 
A)  Receptor proteins 
B)  Fever 
C)  Cholesterol 
D)  Recognition proteins 
E)  Inadequate enzymes

Question 7

Recognition proteins, such as those embedded on the surface of red blood cells, are composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  glycoproteins. 
B)  phospholipases. 
C)  steroids. 
D)  nucleic acids. 
A)  glycoproteins. 
B)  phospholipases. 
C)  steroids. 
D)  nucleic acids.

Question 8

Which process accounts for the movement of solid particles (such as food) into some animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport 
B)  Simple diffusion 
C)  Facilitated diffusion 
D)  Phagocytosis 
E)  Osmosis 
A)  Active transport 
B)  Simple diffusion 
C)  Facilitated diffusion 
D)  Phagocytosis 
E)  Osmosis

Question 9

If a frog egg cell is placed into a hypotonic solution, it will

Accepted Answer

A)  swell via osmosis. 
B)  shrivel via active transport. 
C)  shrivel via facilitated diffusion. 
D)  shrivel via osmosis. 
E)  swell via facilitated diffusion. 
A)  swell via osmosis. 
B)  shrivel via active transport. 
C)  shrivel via facilitated diffusion. 
D)  shrivel via osmosis. 
E)  swell via facilitated diffusion.

Question 10

Imagine that you fill a shallow tray with water and place a drop of red ink in one end of the tray and a drop of green ink in the other end. Which of the following is TRUE at equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  The red and green ink do not mix at all. 
B)  The concentration of each ink is higher at one end of the tray than at the other end. 
C)  The red ink is uniformly distributed in one half of the tray, and the green ink is uniformly distributed in the other half of the tray. 
D)  No predictions can be made without knowing the size of the ink molecules. 
E)  The red and green inks are both uniformly distributed throughout the tray. 
A)  The red and green ink do not mix at all. 
B)  The concentration of each ink is higher at one end of the tray than at the other end. 
C)  The red ink is uniformly distributed in one half of the tray, and the green ink is uniformly distributed in the other half of the tray. 
D)  No predictions can be made without knowing the size of the ink molecules. 
E)  The red and green inks are both uniformly distributed throughout the tray.

Question 11

Which of the following types of membrane proteins are responsible for maintaining cell shape by linking the membrane protein with the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes 
B)  Receptor proteins 
C)  Recognition proteins 
D)  Connection proteins 
E)  Transport proteins 
A)  Enzymes 
B)  Receptor proteins 
C)  Recognition proteins 
D)  Connection proteins 
E)  Transport proteins

Question 12

The secretion of excess water via a contractile vesicle of a Paramecium cell is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated diffusion. 
B)  active transport. 
C)  simple diffusion. 
D)  osmosis. 
E)  exocytosis. 
A)  facilitated diffusion. 
B)  active transport. 
C)  simple diffusion. 
D)  osmosis. 
E)  exocytosis.

Question 13

Within the fluid mosaic of a plasma membrane, what is the role of transport and channel proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are cell-surface connection sites. 
B)  They identify the cell. 
C)  They prevent the passage of amino acids. 
D)  They permit ions and water molecules to move through the plasma membrane. 
E)  They may set off cellular changes such as cell division or hormone secretion. 
A)  They are cell-surface connection sites. 
B)  They identify the cell. 
C)  They prevent the passage of amino acids. 
D)  They permit ions and water molecules to move through the plasma membrane. 
E)  They may set off cellular changes such as cell division or hormone secretion.

Question 14

Carrier molecules in the plasma membrane are required only for active transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The process in which white blood cells engulf bacteria is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  exocytosis. 
B)  reception. 
C)  pinocytosis. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  recognition. 
A)  exocytosis. 
B)  reception. 
C)  pinocytosis. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
E)  recognition.

Question 16

Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Accepted Answer

Both require membrane transport proteins

Question 17

Cell membranes do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  isolate the cellʹs contents from the external environment. 
B)  regulate the movement of substances between the cytoplasm of the cell and the extracellular fluid. 
C)  provide attachments between cells. 
D)  allow communication between cells. 
E)  provide an energy source for the cell. 
A)  isolate the cellʹs contents from the external environment. 
B)  regulate the movement of substances between the cytoplasm of the cell and the extracellular fluid. 
C)  provide attachments between cells. 
D)  allow communication between cells. 
E)  provide an energy source for the cell.

Question 18

More than half a century ago, two cell biologists published details of their research involving isolated membrane vesicles from chloroplasts. Normally, the fluid inside these vesicles is near neutral. In an experiment, these membrane vesicles were soaked in an acidic solution (pH 4) until the inside of the vesicle also became pH 4. Based on the details provided in this scenario, by what mechanism could hydrogen ions have crossed the vesicle membrane, and what do you think happened at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple diffusion; hydrogen ions moved into the vesicle through a channel protein. 
B)  Active transport; hydrogen ions moved out of the vesicle with the help of ATP energy. 
C)  Facilitated diffusion; hydrogen ions moved into the vesicle through a channel protein. 
D)  Pinocytosis; water moved from outside the vesicle to inside. 
E)  Osmosis; water moved from inside the vesicle to outside. 
A)  Simple diffusion; hydrogen ions moved into the vesicle through a channel protein. 
B)  Active transport; hydrogen ions moved out of the vesicle with the help of ATP energy. 
C)  Facilitated diffusion; hydrogen ions moved into the vesicle through a channel protein. 
D)  Pinocytosis; water moved from outside the vesicle to inside. 
E)  Osmosis; water moved from inside the vesicle to outside.

Question 19

Based on these four illustrations of diffusion, which mode would most likely be used to transport oxidized zinc (which has a charge of +2) through the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmosis through aquaporins 
B)  Simple diffusion through the bilayer 
C)  Facilitated diffusion through channel proteins 
D)  Facilitated diffusion through carrier proteins 
A)  Osmosis through aquaporins 
B)  Simple diffusion through the bilayer 
C)  Facilitated diffusion through channel proteins 
D)  Facilitated diffusion through carrier proteins

Question 20

The gases O2 and CO2 enter or leave a plant cell by

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated diffusion. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  facilitated transport. 
D)  simple diffusion. 
E)  active transport. 
A)  facilitated diffusion. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  facilitated transport. 
D)  simple diffusion. 
E)  active transport.

Exam 5: Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Imagine that beaker A has a 10% sucrose solution, and beaker B has an 8% sucrose solution. This means that

The electrical signal for a muscle to contract passes rapidly from one cell to the next via

Active transport requires all of the following EXCEPT

You observe a cell under a microscope and you can clearly see a cell wall, a vacuole, and cytoplasmic connections. These cytoplasmic connections must be

Specialized cell junctions include all of the following EXCEPT

What prevents your immune system from attacking your own cells?

Recognition proteins, such as those embedded on the surface of red blood cells, are composed of

Which process accounts for the movement of solid particles (such as food) into some animal cells?

If a frog egg cell is placed into a hypotonic solution, it will

Imagine that you fill a shallow tray with water and place a drop of red ink in one end of the tray and a drop of green ink in the other end. Which of the following is TRUE at equilibrium?

Which of the following types of membrane proteins are responsible for maintaining cell shape by linking the membrane protein with the cytoskeleton?

The secretion of excess water via a contractile vesicle of a Paramecium cell is an example of

Within the fluid mosaic of a plasma membrane, what is the role of transport and channel proteins?

Carrier molecules in the plasma membrane are required only for active transport.

The process in which white blood cells engulf bacteria is termed

Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Cell membranes do all of the following EXCEPT

Based on these four illustrations of diffusion, which mode would most likely be used to transport oxidized zinc (which has a charge of +2) through the cell membrane?

The gases O2 and CO2 enter or leave a plant cell by

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

The gases O₂ and CO₂ enter or leave a plant cell by