Question 1

Smooth muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  contracts when stretched. 
B)  does not contain actin or myosin. 
C)  produces rapid contractions. 
D)  is under voluntary control. 
A)  contracts when stretched. 
B)  does not contain actin or myosin. 
C)  produces rapid contractions. 
D)  is under voluntary control. A

Question 2

In the human skeleton, the____________ is a ball-and-socket joint.

Accepted Answer

shoulder, or hip

Question 3

The sternum is part of the axial skeleton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The fluid in the sarcoplasmic reticulum contains a high concentration of ___________ions, which are released by the stimulation of an action potential.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  sodium 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  potassium 
E)  iron 
A)  calcium 
B)  sodium 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  potassium 
E)  iron

Question 5

Bone-forming cells are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoclasts. 
B)  chondrocytes. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  osteoblasts. 
A)  osteoclasts. 
B)  chondrocytes. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  osteoblasts.

Question 6

At a joint, the end of a skeletal muscle that is attached to the bone that moves is known as the origin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

How does an action potential enter a skeletal muscle cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Through a T tubule 
B)  In response to the release of calcium ions 
C)  By diffusion 
D)  As a result of the interaction between actin and myosin 
A)  Through a T tubule 
B)  In response to the release of calcium ions 
C)  By diffusion 
D)  As a result of the interaction between actin and myosin

Question 8

Fast-twitch muscle fibers, such as those that predominate in the legs of sprinters, ____________than slow-twitch fibers, which predominate in the legs of marathon runners.

Accepted Answer

A)  produce more ATP 
B)  have a greater blood supply 
C)  contain fewer mitochondria 
D)  contain higher levels of myoglobin 
A)  produce more ATP 
B)  have a greater blood supply 
C)  contain fewer mitochondria 
D)  contain higher levels of myoglobin

Question 9

____________muscle constricts arteries when blood pressure drops suddenly.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac 
B)  Striated 
C)  Smooth 
A)  Cardiac 
B)  Striated 
C)  Smooth

Question 10

Skeletal muscle appears striped because of the

Accepted Answer

A)  accessory proteins in thin filaments. 
B)  way the sarcoplasmic reticulum wraps around the myofibril. 
C)  arrangement of thick and thin filaments. 
D)  orientation of T tubules. 
E)  arrangement of ions across the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. 
A)  accessory proteins in thin filaments. 
B)  way the sarcoplasmic reticulum wraps around the myofibril. 
C)  arrangement of thick and thin filaments. 
D)  orientation of T tubules. 
E)  arrangement of ions across the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Question 11

Muscles used for activities that require fine motor control, such as holding and writing with a pencil, have

Accepted Answer

A)  many neuromuscular junctions. 
B)  motor units consisting of only a few muscle cells. 
C)  access to large amounts of ATP. 
D)  motor units consisting of many muscle cells. 
A)  many neuromuscular junctions. 
B)  motor units consisting of only a few muscle cells. 
C)  access to large amounts of ATP. 
D)  motor units consisting of many muscle cells.

Question 12

The connective tissue cords that connect muscles to bones are called

Accepted Answer

A)  thin filaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  thick filaments. 
D)  ligaments. 
A)  thin filaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  thick filaments. 
D)  ligaments.

Question 13

What is the function of troponin and tropomyosin during skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  To generate an action potential 
B)  To increase the amount of calcium entering the muscle fiber 
C)  To regulate bonding between actin and myosin 
D)  To remove calcium from the muscle fiber 
E)  To prevent over-contraction of muscle fibers 
A)  To generate an action potential 
B)  To increase the amount of calcium entering the muscle fiber 
C)  To regulate bonding between actin and myosin 
D)  To remove calcium from the muscle fiber 
E)  To prevent over-contraction of muscle fibers

Question 14

The T tubules that tunnel deep into a muscle fiber are formed from

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons. 
B)  osteocytes. 
C)  plasma membrane. 
D)  blood proteins. 
A)  neurons. 
B)  osteocytes. 
C)  plasma membrane. 
D)  blood proteins.

Question 15

Weightlifters, bodybuilders, and other athletes who require rapid bursts of high -energy muscle output often spend a lot of money on dietary supplements. Some supplements, such as amino acids, are used as building blocks to make more high-protein muscle cells. Other supplements increase energy or provide more endurance during workouts. For example, supplements that contain creatine (often sold as creatine diphosphate) are reputed to provide more energy. Based on this information and your knowledge of muscle physiology, would you expect creatine supplements to provide extra energy? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, because creatine is not used for energy production in the body. 
B)  Yes, because the creatine supplement can donate phosphate ions to regenerate ATP. 
C)  Yes, because creatine is used directly as a source of energy by muscle cells. 
D)  No, because the digestive system breaks creatine (a large protein macromolecule) down before it can be used by the body. 
A)  No, because creatine is not used for energy production in the body. 
B)  Yes, because the creatine supplement can donate phosphate ions to regenerate ATP. 
C)  Yes, because creatine is used directly as a source of energy by muscle cells. 
D)  No, because the digestive system breaks creatine (a large protein macromolecule) down before it can be used by the body.

Question 16

The vertebrate skeleton is made up of ____________, ligaments, and bones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The vertebrate skeleton is made up of...

Question 17

Skeletal muscle produces force as the___________ ?walk? along the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  myosin heads; actin 
B)  creatine phosphate molecules; sarcomere 
C)  actin heads; myosin 
D)  ATP molecules; myofibrils 
A)  myosin heads; actin 
B)  creatine phosphate molecules; sarcomere 
C)  actin heads; myosin 
D)  ATP molecules; myofibrils

Question 18

If a doctor tells a patient that he has broken an axial bone, to which of these bones would the doctor be referring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ilium 
B)  Clavicle 
C)  Fibula 
D)  Radius 
E)  Vertebra 
A)  Ilium 
B)  Clavicle 
C)  Fibula 
D)  Radius 
E)  Vertebra

Question 19

Which of these muscle components is the smallest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin filament 
B)  Skeletal muscle 
C)  Muscle fiber 
D)  Myofibril 
A)  Myosin filament 
B)  Skeletal muscle 
C)  Muscle fiber 
D)  Myofibril

Question 20

Which molecule contains a binding site for the attachment of myosin heads?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myoglobin 
B)  Tropomyosin 
C)  Actin 
D)  Troponin 
A)  Myoglobin 
B)  Tropomyosin 
C)  Actin 
D)  Troponin

Exam 41: Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Smooth muscle

In the human skeleton, the____________ is a ball-and-socket joint.

The sternum is part of the axial skeleton.

The fluid in the sarcoplasmic reticulum contains a high concentration of ___________ions, which are released by the stimulation of an action potential.

Bone-forming cells are known as

At a joint, the end of a skeletal muscle that is attached to the bone that moves is known as the origin.

How does an action potential enter a skeletal muscle cell?

Fast-twitch muscle fibers, such as those that predominate in the legs of sprinters, ____________than slow-twitch fibers, which predominate in the legs of marathon runners.

____________muscle constricts arteries when blood pressure drops suddenly.

Skeletal muscle appears striped because of the

Muscles used for activities that require fine motor control, such as holding and writing with a pencil, have

The connective tissue cords that connect muscles to bones are called

What is the function of troponin and tropomyosin during skeletal muscle contraction?

The T tubules that tunnel deep into a muscle fiber are formed from

The vertebrate skeleton is made up of ____________, ligaments, and bones.

Skeletal muscle produces force as the___________ ?walk? along the ___________.

If a doctor tells a patient that he has broken an axial bone, to which of these bones would the doctor be referring?

Which of these muscle components is the smallest?

Which molecule contains a binding site for the attachment of myosin heads?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

Skeletal muscle produces force as the_ ?walk? along the _.