Question 1

Some animal species found in caves have tiny, nonfunctional eyes. These are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  homologous structures. 
B)  vestigial structures. 
C)  analogous structures. 
D)  mutations. 
A)  homologous structures. 
B)  vestigial structures. 
C)  analogous structures. 
D)  mutations. B

Question 2

A farmer produces a variety of apple with deep pink flesh by selectively crossbreeding apples with pinkish hues. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  artificial mutation. 
D)  artificial selection. 
E)  inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  artificial mutation. 
D)  artificial selection. 
E)  inheritance of acquired characteristics. D

Question 3

Where are the Galápagos Islands?

Accepted Answer

A)  Off the northwest coast of South America 
B)  Near Southeast Asia 
C)  Off the west coast of North America 
D)  Near the center of the south Atlantic Ocean 
E)  Off the west coast of Australia 
A)  Off the northwest coast of South America 
B)  Near Southeast Asia 
C)  Off the west coast of North America 
D)  Near the center of the south Atlantic Ocean 
E)  Off the west coast of Australia A

Question 4

Convergent evolution occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous structures evolve to be homologous. 
B)  two or more populations merge into one. 
C)  unrelated organisms develop analogous structures. 
D)  two or more different species evolve to become one species. 
A)  analogous structures evolve to be homologous. 
B)  two or more populations merge into one. 
C)  unrelated organisms develop analogous structures. 
D)  two or more different species evolve to become one species.

Question 5

Darwin was influenced by Thomas Malthusʹs writings on

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection. 
B)  evolution. 
C)  population growth. 
D)  uniformitarianism. 
E)  genetics. 
A)  natural selection. 
B)  evolution. 
C)  population growth. 
D)  uniformitarianism. 
E)  genetics.

Question 6

When unrelated organisms living under similar environmental demands evolve superficially similar structures, it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  superficial selection. 
B)  comparative anatomy. 
C)  coevolution. 
D)  convergent evolution. 
A)  superficial selection. 
B)  comparative anatomy. 
C)  coevolution. 
D)  convergent evolution.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cheetahs that can outrun their prey 
B)  Green tree frogs that blend perfectly into their leafy surroundings 
C)  The many different breeds of domestic cats 
D)  The many different species of Oak trees found in the forest. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Cheetahs that can outrun their prey 
B)  Green tree frogs that blend perfectly into their leafy surroundings 
C)  The many different breeds of domestic cats 
D)  The many different species of Oak trees found in the forest. 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

ʺColeʺ refers to any of various plants belonging to the Cruciferae or mustard family, which include broccoli, cabbage, collard greens, and other familiar vegetables. The controlled breeding of cole crops to produce certain physical traits in those organisms is called

Accepted Answer

A)  physical selection. 
B)  agricultural selection. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  artificial selection. 
A)  physical selection. 
B)  agricultural selection. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  artificial selection.

Question 9

Which statement illustrates Lamarckʹs theory on the mechanism of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fish with coloration that matches the river bottom they inhabit will survive to reproduce. 
B)  Plants that can survive in less light will become the dominant species in shaded areas. 
C)  Giraffes with longer necks survived and reproduced faster because they could reach a better food source. 
D)  Birds with bright colors will attract more mates and pass on the colorful plumage. 
E)  A man who routinely shaves the hair off his head will have sons who become bald. 
A)  Fish with coloration that matches the river bottom they inhabit will survive to reproduce. 
B)  Plants that can survive in less light will become the dominant species in shaded areas. 
C)  Giraffes with longer necks survived and reproduced faster because they could reach a better food source. 
D)  Birds with bright colors will attract more mates and pass on the colorful plumage. 
E)  A man who routinely shaves the hair off his head will have sons who become bald.

Question 10

A hospital uses a new cleaner to disinfect surfaces. Within a few years, many patients are developing infections from a bacterium that is resistant to the disinfectant. How does this happen?

Accepted Answer

All populations contain genetic variatio

Question 11

The many different breeds of domestic dog were produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  physical selection. 
B)  artificial selection. 
C)  artificial mutation. 
D)  natural selection. 
A)  physical selection. 
B)  artificial selection. 
C)  artificial mutation. 
D)  natural selection.

Question 12

An emu is a flightless bird that still has wings. These wings are an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous structures. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  vestigial structures. 
D)  homologous structures. 
E)  mutation. 
A)  analogous structures. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  vestigial structures. 
D)  homologous structures. 
E)  mutation.

Question 13

Genetic variations in natural populations develop due to

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental catastrophes. 
B)  individual activities. 
C)  changes in the environment. 
D)  changes in diet. 
E)  random mutations of the DNA. 
A)  environmental catastrophes. 
B)  individual activities. 
C)  changes in the environment. 
D)  changes in diet. 
E)  random mutations of the DNA.

Question 14

Fossils include rocks and sediments that

Accepted Answer

A)  have been shaped by people to resemble plants or animals. 
B)  have been shaped by wind and water to resemble lifelike forms. 
C)  bear the impressions or shapes of preserved organisms. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  have been shaped by people to resemble plants or animals. 
B)  have been shaped by wind and water to resemble lifelike forms. 
C)  bear the impressions or shapes of preserved organisms. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 15

Strong evidence for the common ancestry of all vertebrates is

Accepted Answer

A)  they all possess DNA. 
B)  the similarity of their embryological stages. 
C)  they all evolved from fish. 
D)  they all have legs. 
E)  their means of reproduction. 
A)  they all possess DNA. 
B)  the similarity of their embryological stages. 
C)  they all evolved from fish. 
D)  they all have legs. 
E)  their means of reproduction.

Question 16

Anolis lizards can be informally subdivided into long -legged forms (which move by jumping from tree to tree) and short-legged forms (which mostly crawl from one area to another). Both forms are usually found in any population. A group of Anolis lizards with long legs are transplanted from an island with many large trees to an island with many small plants and no trees. In future generations, the transplanted lizard population is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  evolve to be able to maneuver less efficiently. 
B)  undergo no evolutionary change. 
C)  evolve even longer legs. 
D)  evolve to be able to run away from predators more quickly. 
E)  evolve shorter legs adapted for the smaller plants. 
A)  evolve to be able to maneuver less efficiently. 
B)  undergo no evolutionary change. 
C)  evolve even longer legs. 
D)  evolve to be able to run away from predators more quickly. 
E)  evolve shorter legs adapted for the smaller plants.

Question 17

Which of the four postulates of Darwinʹs theory of evolution was not well established when On the Origin of Species was first published but is overwhelmingly supported today?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals with advantageous traits survive longest and have the most offspring. 
B)  Some individuals in a population survive and reproduce better than do other individuals. 
C)  Individuals in a population differ physically from one another in many ways. 
D)  Some differences among individuals in a population are due to genetics and are heritable. 
A)  Individuals with advantageous traits survive longest and have the most offspring. 
B)  Some individuals in a population survive and reproduce better than do other individuals. 
C)  Individuals in a population differ physically from one another in many ways. 
D)  Some differences among individuals in a population are due to genetics and are heritable.

Question 18

The amino acid sequences of human and bonobo hemoglobin are almost identical, yet they differ considerably from the sequence of the hemoglobin of wolves. This fact indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  bonobos are more closely related to humans than to wolves. 
B)  humans are more closely related to wolves than to bonobos. 
C)  wolves and bonobos are closely related. 
A)  bonobos are more closely related to humans than to wolves. 
B)  humans are more closely related to wolves than to bonobos. 
C)  wolves and bonobos are closely related.

Question 19

Who wrote On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lamarck 
B)  Mendel 
C)  Darwin 
D)  Wallace 
E)  Malthus 
A)  Lamarck 
B)  Mendel 
C)  Darwin 
D)  Wallace 
E)  Malthus

Question 20

Which of the following supports the idea that all organisms share a common ancestry?

Accepted Answer

A)  All cells use the same collection of lipids. 
B)  All cells use ATP as the template for protein synthesis. 
C)  All cells use DNA as a cellular energy carrier. 
D)  All cells use amino acids as a carrier of genetic information. 
E)  All cells have a similar biochemistry, including amino acids, nucleic acids, and ATP. 
A)  All cells use the same collection of lipids. 
B)  All cells use ATP as the template for protein synthesis. 
C)  All cells use DNA as a cellular energy carrier. 
D)  All cells use amino acids as a carrier of genetic information. 
E)  All cells have a similar biochemistry, including amino acids, nucleic acids, and ATP.

Exam 15: Principles of Evolution

Some animal species found in caves have tiny, nonfunctional eyes. These are best described as

A farmer produces a variety of apple with deep pink flesh by selectively crossbreeding apples with pinkish hues. This is an example of

Where are the Galápagos Islands?

Convergent evolution occurs when

Darwin was influenced by Thomas Malthusʹs writings on

When unrelated organisms living under similar environmental demands evolve superficially similar structures, it is called

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

ʺColeʺ refers to any of various plants belonging to the Cruciferae or mustard family, which include broccoli, cabbage, collard greens, and other familiar vegetables. The controlled breeding of cole crops to produce certain physical traits in those organisms is called

Which statement illustrates Lamarckʹs theory on the mechanism of evolution?

A hospital uses a new cleaner to disinfect surfaces. Within a few years, many patients are developing infections from a bacterium that is resistant to the disinfectant. How does this happen?

The many different breeds of domestic dog were produced by

An emu is a flightless bird that still has wings. These wings are an example of

Genetic variations in natural populations develop due to

Fossils include rocks and sediments that

Strong evidence for the common ancestry of all vertebrates is

Which of the four postulates of Darwinʹs theory of evolution was not well established when On the Origin of Species was first published but is overwhelmingly supported today?

The amino acid sequences of human and bonobo hemoglobin are almost identical, yet they differ considerably from the sequence of the hemoglobin of wolves. This fact indicates that

Who wrote On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection?

Which of the following supports the idea that all organisms share a common ancestry?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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