Question 1

The most common cause of extinction is

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat change. 
B)  overspecialization. 
C)  limited species range. 
D)  asteroid impacts. 
E)  interactions with other species. 
A)  habitat change. 
B)  overspecialization. 
C)  limited species range. 
D)  asteroid impacts. 
E)  interactions with other species. A

Question 2

Mechanisms that prevent mating between species are called _________isolating mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

premating

Question 3

What is the best explanation for the origin of the unique species recently found in the Annamite Mountains of Vietnam?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptive radiation 
B)  Sympatric speciation 
C)  Behavioral isolation 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Allopatric speciation 
A)  Adaptive radiation 
B)  Sympatric speciation 
C)  Behavioral isolation 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Allopatric speciation E

Question 4

If a hybrid is unable to produce sperm because meiosis does not proceed correctly, gene flow between the species is restricted by

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid viability. 
B)  hybrid infertility. 
C)  ecological isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  gametic isolation. 
A)  hybrid viability. 
B)  hybrid infertility. 
C)  ecological isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  gametic isolation.

Question 5

What happens when two populations become geographically separated from each other and then genetic divergence occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sympatric speciation 
B)  The founder effect 
C)  Allopatric speciation 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Continental drift 
A)  Sympatric speciation 
B)  The founder effect 
C)  Allopatric speciation 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Continental drift

Question 6

All members of the golden hamster species known today are descendants of a single litter collected in Syria in 1939. Its diploid chromosome number is 44. Two other species of hamster, each with a diploid number of 22, overlap geographically in Syria. The golden hamster is thought to be a new species from the mating of a male and female of the two other hamster species. What mechanism might explain this recent event of speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polyploidy 
B)  Temporal isolation 
C)  Formation of a fertile hybrid and halving of the chromosome number of this hybrid 
D)  Disruptive selection 
E)  Adaptive radiation 
A)  Polyploidy 
B)  Temporal isolation 
C)  Formation of a fertile hybrid and halving of the chromosome number of this hybrid 
D)  Disruptive selection 
E)  Adaptive radiation

Question 7

Modern biologists have identified two main factors that drive speciation. What are these factors?

Accepted Answer

The factor

Question 8

Two species of pines, Pinus radiata and Pinus muricota, live in the same regions of California and are capable of forming hybrids under laboratory conditions. However, they do not interbreed because one releases pollen in February and the other in April. What genetic isolating mechanism is involved?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gametic 
B)  Ecological 
C)  Temporal 
D)  Geographic 
E)  Hybrid inviability 
A)  Gametic 
B)  Ecological 
C)  Temporal 
D)  Geographic 
E)  Hybrid inviability

Question 9

Organisms from two separate species can look anatomically similar.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

For new species to develop, there must be_________ in the population.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of For new species to develop, there must...

Question 11

Interbreeding two different species of lovebirds produces offspring that are unable to build a nest after they mature because they lack the appropriate nest -building behavior needed to build a nest. This limits genetic mixing between the species due to

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological isolation. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  mechanical incompatibility. 
D)  geographic isolation. 
E)  hybrid inviability. 
A)  ecological isolation. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  mechanical incompatibility. 
D)  geographic isolation. 
E)  hybrid inviability.

Question 12

Strong courtship displays like the one in the figure below can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral isolation. 
B)  mechanical incompatibility. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  hybrid infertility. 
E)  geographic isolation. 
A)  behavioral isolation. 
B)  mechanical incompatibility. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  hybrid infertility. 
E)  geographic isolation.

Question 13

In what type of habitat, or under what types of environmental conditions, would you expect adaptive radiation to occur?

Accepted Answer

Any habitat in which many different type

Question 14

The organisms most likely to undergo sympatric speciation by polyploidy are

Accepted Answer

A)  protists. 
B)  mammals. 
C)  birds. 
D)  insects. 
E)  plants. 
A)  protists. 
B)  mammals. 
C)  birds. 
D)  insects. 
E)  plants.

Question 15

There are currently many similar-looking but different species on either side of the Isthmus of Panama. They most likely resulted from

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal isolation. 
B)  allopatric speciation. 
C)  hybridization. 
D)  random mutations. 
E)  sympatric speciation. 
A)  temporal isolation. 
B)  allopatric speciation. 
C)  hybridization. 
D)  random mutations. 
E)  sympatric speciation.

Question 16

Hybridization of two species in which of the following cases could lead to the extinction of one of the original species?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two species increase their population sizes, thus increasing the effects of genetic drift. 
B)  Hybridization increases inbreeding, which decreases the average fitness of the species. 
C)  An endangered species may further decline by producing less -fit hybrid offspring. 
D)  The hybrid offspring may outcompete the parental species. 
E)  It may introduce deleterious genes from one species to another. 
A)  The two species increase their population sizes, thus increasing the effects of genetic drift. 
B)  Hybridization increases inbreeding, which decreases the average fitness of the species. 
C)  An endangered species may further decline by producing less -fit hybrid offspring. 
D)  The hybrid offspring may outcompete the parental species. 
E)  It may introduce deleterious genes from one species to another.

Question 17

What events can push a species to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Possible causes of extinction

Question 18

Female blue-footed boobies of the Galápagos Islands will mate only after a specific courtship display on the part of the male. The male high -steps to advertise his bright blue feet. What mechanism describes why the females do not mate with other species of boobies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioral isolation 
B)  Ecological isolation 
C)  Mechanical incompatibility 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Geographic isolation 
A)  Behavioral isolation 
B)  Ecological isolation 
C)  Mechanical incompatibility 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Geographic isolation

Question 19

When a species invades a new habitat and evolves rapidly into several new species to better exploit new resources, what has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptive radiation 
B)  Hybridization 
C)  Polyploidy 
D)  Extinction 
E)  Genetic divergence 
A)  Adaptive radiation 
B)  Hybridization 
C)  Polyploidy 
D)  Extinction 
E)  Genetic divergence

Question 20

A European species of marsh grass called Spartina maritima has a diploid number (2n) of 60. A similar species native to North America, S. alterniflora, has 2n = 62. In 1835, the North American species was found growing near the European species in Southampton, England, after being accidentally imported. Occasional sterile hybrids were noted. In 1895 a new species, S. anglica, was first identified at Southampton and subsequently became common. The new species has been identified as a fertile hybrid of the original two species. What is the 2n chromosome number of the hybrids that formed from the original two species S. maritima and S. alterniflora?

Accepted Answer

A)  122 
B)  60 
C)  153 
D)  61 
E)  31 
A)  122 
B)  60 
C)  153 
D)  61 
E)  31

Exam 17: The Origin of Species

The most common cause of extinction is

Mechanisms that prevent mating between species are called _________isolating mechanisms.

What is the best explanation for the origin of the unique species recently found in the Annamite Mountains of Vietnam?

If a hybrid is unable to produce sperm because meiosis does not proceed correctly, gene flow between the species is restricted by

What happens when two populations become geographically separated from each other and then genetic divergence occurs?

Modern biologists have identified two main factors that drive speciation. What are these factors?

Organisms from two separate species can look anatomically similar.

For new species to develop, there must be_________ in the population.)

Interbreeding two different species of lovebirds produces offspring that are unable to build a nest after they mature because they lack the appropriate nest -building behavior needed to build a nest. This limits genetic mixing between the species due to

Strong courtship displays like the one in the figure below can lead to

In what type of habitat, or under what types of environmental conditions, would you expect adaptive radiation to occur?

The organisms most likely to undergo sympatric speciation by polyploidy are

There are currently many similar-looking but different species on either side of the Isthmus of Panama. They most likely resulted from

Hybridization of two species in which of the following cases could lead to the extinction of one of the original species?

What events can push a species to extinction?

Female blue-footed boobies of the Galápagos Islands will mate only after a specific courtship display on the part of the male. The male high -steps to advertise his bright blue feet. What mechanism describes why the females do not mate with other species of boobies?

When a species invades a new habitat and evolves rapidly into several new species to better exploit new resources, what has occurred?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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