Question 1

In aerobic non-photosynthetic organisms, the majority of ATP is generated by

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis reactions. 
B)  oxidation-reduction reactions. 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  catabolic reactions. 
E)  the Calvin-Benson cycle. 
A)  glycolysis reactions. 
B)  oxidation-reduction reactions. 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  catabolic reactions. 
E)  the Calvin-Benson cycle.

Question 2

Which of the following is required for holoenzyme function?

Accepted Answer

A)  a substrate 
B)  an allosteric inhibitor 
C)  a coenzyme 
D)  a protein cofactor 
E)  an activator 
A)  a substrate 
B)  an allosteric inhibitor 
C)  a coenzyme 
D)  a protein cofactor 
E)  an activator

Question 3

The process of produces amino acids from precursor metabolites and ammonia.

Accepted Answer

A)  transamination 
B)  deamination 
C)  polymerization 
D)  reduction 
E)  amination 
A)  transamination 
B)  deamination 
C)  polymerization 
D)  reduction 
E)  amination

Question 4

Synthesis of the precursors of purines and pyrimidines requires transamination of ribose-5-phosphate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning reduction reactions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  An electron acceptor gains an electron. 
B)  They frequently involve electron carrier molecules. 
C)  They are coupled with oxidation reactions. 
D)  A molecule gains a hydrogen atom. 
E)  An electron acceptor becomes more positively charged. 
A)  An electron acceptor gains an electron. 
B)  They frequently involve electron carrier molecules. 
C)  They are coupled with oxidation reactions. 
D)  A molecule gains a hydrogen atom. 
E)  An electron acceptor becomes more positively charged.

Question 6

The production of NADH takes place during the stage(s) of glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy-investment 
B)  energy-conservation 
C)  lysis 
D)  lysis and energy-investment 
E)  energy-investment and energy-conservation 
A)  energy-investment 
B)  energy-conservation 
C)  lysis 
D)  lysis and energy-investment 
E)  energy-investment and energy-conservation

Question 7

The (transferases/transaminases/deaminases) generate amino acids from carbohydrate precursors and glutamic acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The (transferases/transaminases/deaminases) generate amino acids from carbohydrate...

Question 8

The arrow indicates the only protein component of this complex. This illustration represents a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  holoenzyme. 
B)  ubiquinone. 
C)  ribozyme. 
D)  coenzyme. 
E)  apoenzyme. 
A)  holoenzyme. 
B)  ubiquinone. 
C)  ribozyme. 
D)  coenzyme. 
E)  apoenzyme.

Question 9

Ribozymes are enzymes that cleave the subunits of the ribosome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Heme complexed with iron is found in of the electron transport chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  ubiquinones 
B)  cytochromes 
C)  metal-containing proteins 
D)  ribozymes 
E)  flavoproteins 
A)  ubiquinones 
B)  cytochromes 
C)  metal-containing proteins 
D)  ribozymes 
E)  flavoproteins

Question 11

If a cell reverses the process of beta-oxidation, which of the following molecules will it make?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotides 
B)  amino acids 
C)  starch 
D)  glycerol 
E)  fatty acids 
A)  nucleotides 
B)  amino acids 
C)  starch 
D)  glycerol 
E)  fatty acids

Question 12

Identify the processes of glucose metabolism represented in Figure 5 -1.

Accepted Answer

A)  A = glycolysis, B = fermentation, C = Krebs cycle, D = electron transport chain. 
B)  A = fermentation, B = glycolysis, C = Krebs cycle, D = electron transport chain 
C)  A = glycolysis, B = Krebs cycle, C = electron transport chain, D = fermentation. 
D)  A = electron transport chain, B = Krebs cycle, C = glycolysis, D = fermentation 
E)  A = glycolysis, B = Krebs cycle, C = fermentation, D = electron transport chain 
A)  A = glycolysis, B = fermentation, C = Krebs cycle, D = electron transport chain. 
B)  A = fermentation, B = glycolysis, C = Krebs cycle, D = electron transport chain 
C)  A = glycolysis, B = Krebs cycle, C = electron transport chain, D = fermentation. 
D)  A = electron transport chain, B = Krebs cycle, C = glycolysis, D = fermentation 
E)  A = glycolysis, B = Krebs cycle, C = fermentation, D = electron transport chain

Question 13

The bonds between glycerol and fatty acids are broken by (ligase/lipase/lyase) enzymes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The bonds between glycerol and fatty acids...

Question 14

Chemical reactions that are reversible, proceeding anabolically or catabolically, are called

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolytic. 
B)  synthetic. 
C)  cyclic. 
D)  light-independent. 
E)  amphibolic. 
A)  glycolytic. 
B)  synthetic. 
C)  cyclic. 
D)  light-independent. 
E)  amphibolic.

Question 15

Isomerases catalyze reactions in which

Accepted Answer

A)  biomolecules are oxidized or reduced. 
B)  biomolecules are assembled from smaller molecules. 
C)  biomolecules are broken down into their component parts. 
D)  atoms in biomolecules are rearranged. 
E)  groups are transferred from one molecule to another. 
A)  biomolecules are oxidized or reduced. 
B)  biomolecules are assembled from smaller molecules. 
C)  biomolecules are broken down into their component parts. 
D)  atoms in biomolecules are rearranged. 
E)  groups are transferred from one molecule to another.

Question 16

When a noncompetitive inhibitor molecule binds to an (active/allosteric) site on an enzyme, the shape of the active site changes so that the substrate molecules can no longer bind.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a noncompetitive inhibitor molecule binds to...

Question 17

Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and so must be provided as nutrients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetic acid 
B)  nitrate 
C)  carbonate 
D)  oxygen 
E)  sulfate 
A)  acetic acid 
B)  nitrate 
C)  carbonate 
D)  oxygen 
E)  sulfate

Question 19

Discuss the interrelationships between anabolic and catabolic pathways. Provide specific examples in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways generate the energy r

Question 20

Beta-oxidation produces a substrate of the

Accepted Answer

A)  Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 
B)  Calvin-Benson cycle. 
C)  pentose phosphate pathway. 
D)  Krebs cycle. 
E)  Embden-Meyerhof pathway. 
A)  Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 
B)  Calvin-Benson cycle. 
C)  pentose phosphate pathway. 
D)  Krebs cycle. 
E)  Embden-Meyerhof pathway.

Exam 5: Microbial Metabolism

In aerobic non-photosynthetic organisms, the majority of ATP is generated by

Which of the following is required for holoenzyme function?

The process of produces amino acids from precursor metabolites and ammonia.

Synthesis of the precursors of purines and pyrimidines requires transamination of ribose-5-phosphate.

Which of the following statements concerning reduction reactions is FALSE?

The production of NADH takes place during the stage(s) of glycolysis.

The (transferases/transaminases/deaminases) generate amino acids from carbohydrate precursors and glutamic acid.

The arrow indicates the only protein component of this complex. This illustration represents a(n)

Ribozymes are enzymes that cleave the subunits of the ribosome.

Heme complexed with iron is found in of the electron transport chain.

If a cell reverses the process of beta-oxidation, which of the following molecules will it make?

Identify the processes of glucose metabolism represented in Figure 5 -1.

The bonds between glycerol and fatty acids are broken by (ligase/lipase/lyase) enzymes.

Chemical reactions that are reversible, proceeding anabolically or catabolically, are called

Isomerases catalyze reactions in which

When a noncompetitive inhibitor molecule binds to an (active/allosteric) site on an enzyme, the shape of the active site changes so that the substrate molecules can no longer bind.

Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and so must be provided as nutrients.

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Discuss the interrelationships between anabolic and catabolic pathways. Provide specific examples in your answer.

Beta-oxidation produces a substrate of the

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