Question 1

Diploid cell cultures and continuous cell cultures differ in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  source of cells 
B)  longevity 
C)  convenience of use 
D)  both longevity and convenience of use 
E)  both longevity and source of cells 
A)  source of cells 
B)  longevity 
C)  convenience of use 
D)  both longevity and convenience of use 
E)  both longevity and source of cells E

Question 2

Describe the mechanism by which PrP is infectious.

Accepted Answer

The clue to why PrP acts as an infectious agent was found when it was discovered that all mammals contain the gene for PrP. However, under normal conditions, the protein produced from this gene, cellular PrP, is not a pathogenic agent. It is when PrP folds into an abnormal form called prion PrP that it is infectious. As prion PrP, the protein is capable of inducing copies of cellular PrP to refold into prion PrP, thereby causing the disease form of the protein to accumulate. Because the genetic information to create this protein is found in the host organism, prions are the only known example of a totally
protein-based infectious agent.

Question 3

Virus replication results in the death of the cell in infection(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  a latent 
B)  a lytic 
C)  a lysogenic 
D)  a persistent 
E)  both latent and persistent 
A)  a latent 
B)  a lytic 
C)  a lysogenic 
D)  a persistent 
E)  both latent and persistent B

Question 4

What is the correct order for the stages of a lytic replication cycle, from earliest to latest stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  I, III, V, II, IV 
B)  III, V, I, II, IV 
C)  V, III, II, IV, I 
D)  III, II, V, I, IV 
E)  I, II, III, V, IV 
A)  I, III, V, II, IV 
B)  III, V, I, II, IV 
C)  V, III, II, IV, I 
D)  III, II, V, I, IV 
E)  I, II, III, V, IV

Question 5

Which of the following is involved in the attachment of a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  receptor specificity 
B)  chemical attractions 
C)  random collisions 
D)  both chemical attractions and receptor specificity 
E)  random collisions, chemical attractions, and receptor specificity 
A)  receptor specificity 
B)  chemical attractions 
C)  random collisions 
D)  both chemical attractions and receptor specificity 
E)  random collisions, chemical attractions, and receptor specificity

Question 6

All members of a virus family have the same type of genome structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

During , viral synthesis is suspended.

Accepted Answer

A)  budding 
B)  persistent infection 
C)  lytic replication 
D)  latency 
E)  oncogenesis 
A)  budding 
B)  persistent infection 
C)  lytic replication 
D)  latency 
E)  oncogenesis

Question 8

The graph in the figure shows a pattern of virion abundance consistent with a (lytic/latent/persistent) virus infection cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of   The graph in the figure...

Question 9

A cell is infected with a virus carrying an oncogene sequence in its genome. What process may occur if the oncogene is expressed in the infected cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  latency 
B)  lysis 
C)  neoplasia 
D)  lysogeny 
E)  both lysis and neoplasia 
A)  latency 
B)  lysis 
C)  neoplasia 
D)  lysogeny 
E)  both lysis and neoplasia

Question 10

Why is the synthesis of mRNA a central issue for all viruses? How do different types of viruses achieve this goal?

Accepted Answer

One way in which a virus gains control o

Question 11

Which of the following is an accurate description of a virion?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nucleic acid of a viral pathogen inside a host cell 
B)  the protein portion of a viral particle 
C)  the nucleic acid of a viral pathogen 
D)  a population of infectious particles 
E)  an infectious particle of protein and nucleic acid outside a host cell 
A)  the nucleic acid of a viral pathogen inside a host cell 
B)  the protein portion of a viral particle 
C)  the nucleic acid of a viral pathogen 
D)  a population of infectious particles 
E)  an infectious particle of protein and nucleic acid outside a host cell

Question 12

Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

A)  It enables the bacteriophage to take over the cell. 
B)  It allows the bacteriophage to destroy the host cellʹs DNA. 
C)  It speeds up the viral infection cycle. 
D)  It allows the bacteriophage to infect cells it would not normally infect. 
E)  The genetic material of the bacteriophage is amplified many times over that seen in a lytic phage. 
A)  It enables the bacteriophage to take over the cell. 
B)  It allows the bacteriophage to destroy the host cellʹs DNA. 
C)  It speeds up the viral infection cycle. 
D)  It allows the bacteriophage to infect cells it would not normally infect. 
E)  The genetic material of the bacteriophage is amplified many times over that seen in a lytic phage.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding virus taxonomy is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The species epithet is a Latin descriptor of the virion structure. 
B)  Viruses are classified on the basis of the taxonomy of their host organisms. 
C)  Virus classes are well established. 
D)  Some virus family names are derived from the name of an important member of the family. 
E)  Virus classes are based on the domain of the host organism. 
A)  The species epithet is a Latin descriptor of the virion structure. 
B)  Viruses are classified on the basis of the taxonomy of their host organisms. 
C)  Virus classes are well established. 
D)  Some virus family names are derived from the name of an important member of the family. 
E)  Virus classes are based on the domain of the host organism.

Question 14

A (colony/plaque) is a clear zone on a bacterial lawn where cells have been killed by the activity of a bacteriophage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A (colony/plaque) is a clear zone on...

Question 15

The viruses of fungi have RNA genomes and lack a capsid. They are therefore similar to

Accepted Answer

A)  enveloped viruses. 
B)  lysogens. 
C)  viroids. 
D)  bacteriophages. 
E)  prions. 
A)  enveloped viruses. 
B)  lysogens. 
C)  viroids. 
D)  bacteriophages. 
E)  prions.

Question 16

Retroviruses require the activity of to complete their infection cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  reverse transcriptase 
B)  lysozyme 
C)  viral RNA polymerase 
D)  RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase 
E)  RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 
A)  reverse transcriptase 
B)  lysozyme 
C)  viral RNA polymerase 
D)  RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase 
E)  RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Question 17

The combination of a virusʹs protein coat and nucleic acid core is called the (capsid/virion/nucleocapsid).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The combination of a virusʹs protein coat...

Question 18

Which of the following may occur in a lysogenic infection, but NOT a latent one?

Accepted Answer

A)  The viral DNA integrates (inserts) into the host cell DNA. 
B)  The prophage/provirus is replicated with the host DNA. 
C)  The prophage/provirus alters gene expression in the host cell. 
D)  The provirus/prophage directs the synthesis of viral proteins. 
E)  The inserted viral DNA may leave the host DNA. 
A)  The viral DNA integrates (inserts) into the host cell DNA. 
B)  The prophage/provirus is replicated with the host DNA. 
C)  The prophage/provirus alters gene expression in the host cell. 
D)  The provirus/prophage directs the synthesis of viral proteins. 
E)  The inserted viral DNA may leave the host DNA.

Question 19

Many diseases of plants are caused by infectious RNA molecules lacking capsids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The envelope portion of an enveloped virus is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  virus-encoded glycoproteins. 
B)  host cell membranes containing virus-encoded glycoproteins. 
C)  glycolipids of the host cell. 
D)  phospholipids from host cell membranes. 
E)  host glycolipids and virus-encoded glycoproteins. 
A)  virus-encoded glycoproteins. 
B)  host cell membranes containing virus-encoded glycoproteins. 
C)  glycolipids of the host cell. 
D)  phospholipids from host cell membranes. 
E)  host glycolipids and virus-encoded glycoproteins.

Exam 13: Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Diploid cell cultures and continuous cell cultures differ in which of the following ways?

Describe the mechanism by which PrP is infectious.

Virus replication results in the death of the cell in infection(s).

What is the correct order for the stages of a lytic replication cycle, from earliest to latest stages?

Which of the following is involved in the attachment of a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell?

All members of a virus family have the same type of genome structure.

During , viral synthesis is suspended.

The graph in the figure shows a pattern of virion abundance consistent with a (lytic/latent/persistent) virus infection cycle.

A cell is infected with a virus carrying an oncogene sequence in its genome. What process may occur if the oncogene is expressed in the infected cell?

Why is the synthesis of mRNA a central issue for all viruses? How do different types of viruses achieve this goal?

Which of the following is an accurate description of a virion?

Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage?

Which of the following statements regarding virus taxonomy is TRUE?

A (colony/plaque) is a clear zone on a bacterial lawn where cells have been killed by the activity of a bacteriophage.

The viruses of fungi have RNA genomes and lack a capsid. They are therefore similar to

Retroviruses require the activity of to complete their infection cycle.

The combination of a virusʹs protein coat and nucleic acid core is called the (capsid/virion/nucleocapsid).

Which of the following may occur in a lysogenic infection, but NOT a latent one?

Many diseases of plants are caused by infectious RNA molecules lacking capsids.

The envelope portion of an enveloped virus is composed of

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Filters