Question 1

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolism is the production and expenditure of chemical energy. 
B)  Metabolism is the assembly of small molecules into macromolecules. 
C)  Metabolism is the digestion of nutrients to release energy. 
D)  Metabolism is all the chemical reactions of an organism, both anabolic and catabolic. 
E)  Metabolism is the assembly of macromolecules into cellular structures. 
A)  Metabolism is the production and expenditure of chemical energy. 
B)  Metabolism is the assembly of small molecules into macromolecules. 
C)  Metabolism is the digestion of nutrients to release energy. 
D)  Metabolism is all the chemical reactions of an organism, both anabolic and catabolic. 
E)  Metabolism is the assembly of macromolecules into cellular structures.

Question 2

Oxygenic photosynthesis requires

Accepted Answer

A)  photosystem II. 
B)  the pentose phosphate pathway. 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 
E)  glycolysis. 
A)  photosystem II. 
B)  the pentose phosphate pathway. 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 
E)  glycolysis.

Question 3

Which of the following produces NADPH?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Entner-Doudoroff pathway only 
B)  the Embden-Meyerhof pathway only 
C)  the pentose phosphate pathway only 
D)  both the Embden-Meyerhof and Entner-Doudoroff pathways 
E)  both the pentose phosphate and Entner-Doudoroff pathways 
A)  the Entner-Doudoroff pathway only 
B)  the Embden-Meyerhof pathway only 
C)  the pentose phosphate pathway only 
D)  both the Embden-Meyerhof and Entner-Doudoroff pathways 
E)  both the pentose phosphate and Entner-Doudoroff pathways

Question 4

A (photosystem/thylakoid/chloroplast) is a collection of pigments such as chlorophyll that are used to absorb light in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A (photosystem/thylakoid/chloroplast) is a collection of pigments...

Question 5

Significant amounts of the NADPH required for the Calvin-Benson cycle are produced during the (cyclic/noncyclic) photophosphorylation reactions of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Significant amounts of the NADPH required for...

Question 6

Hydrolases are generally involved in reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  neither anabolic nor catabolic 
B)  both anabolic and catabolic 
C)  anabolic 
D)  catabolic 
E)  oxidation-reduction 
A)  neither anabolic nor catabolic 
B)  both anabolic and catabolic 
C)  anabolic 
D)  catabolic 
E)  oxidation-reduction

Question 7

Which of the following processes utilize inorganic phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidative phosphorylation 
B)  photophosphorylation 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylation 
D)  both photophosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation 
E)  both photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  oxidative phosphorylation 
B)  photophosphorylation 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylation 
D)  both photophosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation 
E)  both photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 8

A(n) (oxidation/reduction/transport) reaction is one in which a molecule accepts an electron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) (oxidation/reduction/transport) reaction is one in which...

Question 9

The discussion of carbohydrate catabolism includes some of the many metabolic variations microbes are capable of. Using the information in the following table, devise a set of biochemical tests to identify the bacteria in this example Assume you can detect various organic compounds. Prepare a dichotomous key of your identification scheme.

Accepted Answer

The following is one possible answer, ba

Question 10

NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is required for many reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation-reduction 
B)  catabolic 
C)  ribozyme 
D)  phosphorylation 
E)  transfer 
A)  oxidation-reduction 
B)  catabolic 
C)  ribozyme 
D)  phosphorylation 
E)  transfer

Question 11

Sulfanilamide is an antimicrobial drug that mimics the shape of an important substrate for a particular bacterial enzyme, thereby inhibiting the enzyme. This type of inhibition is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  feedback inhibition. 
B)  competitive inhibition. 
C)  allosteric inhibition. 
D)  noncompetitive inhibition. 
E)  excitatory allosteric control. 
A)  feedback inhibition. 
B)  competitive inhibition. 
C)  allosteric inhibition. 
D)  noncompetitive inhibition. 
E)  excitatory allosteric control.

Question 12

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the (activation/reaction/substrate) energy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by...

Question 13

Protein catabolism for prokaryotes starts extracellularly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the structure and function of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  After an enzyme has catalyzed a reaction, it resumes its original shape and can interact with a new substrate molecule. 
B)  All enzymes bind cofactors necessary for their function. 
C)  Competitive inhibition of an enzyme occurs when an inhibitor binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme. 
D)  An apoenzyme is a combination of a cofactor bound to a holoenzyme. 
E)  Enzymes can function at a wide range of pH. 
A)  After an enzyme has catalyzed a reaction, it resumes its original shape and can interact with a new substrate molecule. 
B)  All enzymes bind cofactors necessary for their function. 
C)  Competitive inhibition of an enzyme occurs when an inhibitor binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme. 
D)  An apoenzyme is a combination of a cofactor bound to a holoenzyme. 
E)  Enzymes can function at a wide range of pH.

Question 15

Changes in temperature or pH can cause enzymes to lose activity. What is a common feature of these two effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperature and pH affect the rate of substrate binding. 
B)  Temperature and pH change the ionization state of cofactors. 
C)  Temperature and pH both induce an enzyme to lose its precise three-dimensional shape. 
D)  Temperature and pH change the activation energy of the reaction. 
E)  There is no common mechanism of temperature and pH effects on enzyme activity. 
A)  Temperature and pH affect the rate of substrate binding. 
B)  Temperature and pH change the ionization state of cofactors. 
C)  Temperature and pH both induce an enzyme to lose its precise three-dimensional shape. 
D)  Temperature and pH change the activation energy of the reaction. 
E)  There is no common mechanism of temperature and pH effects on enzyme activity.

Question 16

The purpose of electron transport is to create a proton (concentration/gradient/pump) across a membrane for the process of chemiosmosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The purpose of electron transport is to...

Question 17

The conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  beta-oxidation. 
B)  gluconeogenesis. 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  amination. 
E)  electron transport. 
A)  beta-oxidation. 
B)  gluconeogenesis. 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  amination. 
E)  electron transport.

Question 18

Anaerobic respiration involves the use of molecules other than oxygen as the final electron (acceptor/donor) in an electron transport chain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anaerobic respiration involves the use of molecules...

Exam 5: Microbial Metabolism

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning metabolism?

Oxygenic photosynthesis requires

Which of the following produces NADPH?

A (photosystem/thylakoid/chloroplast) is a collection of pigments such as chlorophyll that are used to absorb light in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Significant amounts of the NADPH required for the Calvin-Benson cycle are produced during the (cyclic/noncyclic) photophosphorylation reactions of photosynthesis.

Hydrolases are generally involved in reactions.

Which of the following processes utilize inorganic phosphate?

A(n) (oxidation/reduction/transport) reaction is one in which a molecule accepts an electron.

NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is required for many reactions.

Sulfanilamide is an antimicrobial drug that mimics the shape of an important substrate for a particular bacterial enzyme, thereby inhibiting the enzyme. This type of inhibition is known as

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the (activation/reaction/substrate) energy.

Protein catabolism for prokaryotes starts extracellularly.

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the structure and function of enzymes?

Changes in temperature or pH can cause enzymes to lose activity. What is a common feature of these two effects?

The purpose of electron transport is to create a proton (concentration/gradient/pump) across a membrane for the process of chemiosmosis.

The conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates is an example of

Anaerobic respiration involves the use of molecules other than oxygen as the final electron (acceptor/donor) in an electron transport chain.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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