Question 1

The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs). An adaptive immune response to this parasite is problematic because

Accepted Answer

A)  RBCs never enter lymphoid tissue. 
B)  RBCs normally produce cytokines necessary for adaptive immune response, which this infection prevents. 
C)  complement cannot effectively destroy RBCs. 
D)  red blood cells do not produce MHC and therefore do not display the fact that they have been infected by presenting antigen. 
E)  the parasite damages leukocytes along with RBCs. 
A)  RBCs never enter lymphoid tissue. 
B)  RBCs normally produce cytokines necessary for adaptive immune response, which this infection prevents. 
C)  complement cannot effectively destroy RBCs. 
D)  red blood cells do not produce MHC and therefore do not display the fact that they have been infected by presenting antigen. 
E)  the parasite damages leukocytes along with RBCs. D

Question 2

Which of the following best describes IgM antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cause basophils and eosinophils to degranulate. 
B)  They interact with phagocytes and NK cells. 
C)  They can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity. 
D)  They are the most common type of antibody in the blood during the initial phases of an immune response. 
E)  They are the antibody class found in body secretions. 
A)  They cause basophils and eosinophils to degranulate. 
B)  They interact with phagocytes and NK cells. 
C)  They can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity. 
D)  They are the most common type of antibody in the blood during the initial phases of an immune response. 
E)  They are the antibody class found in body secretions. D

Question 3

In what way is the lymphatic system similar to the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  The composition of lymphatic fluid is similar to that of blood plasma. 
B)  The same types of cells flow through both systems. 
C)  The lymphatic system is also a circulatory system. 
D)  The lymph nodes can contract to push fluid through the system. 
E)  Fluid flows from larger vessels to capillaries. 
A)  The composition of lymphatic fluid is similar to that of blood plasma. 
B)  The same types of cells flow through both systems. 
C)  The lymphatic system is also a circulatory system. 
D)  The lymph nodes can contract to push fluid through the system. 
E)  Fluid flows from larger vessels to capillaries. A

Question 4

Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemokines 
B)  growth factors 
C)  interleukins 
D)  tumor necrosis factors 
E)  interferons 
A)  chemokines 
B)  growth factors 
C)  interleukins 
D)  tumor necrosis factors 
E)  interferons

Question 5

Vaccination triggers an immune response which produces immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural passive 
B)  artificial active 
C)  artificial passive 
D)  natural active 
E)  both active and passive 
A)  natural passive 
B)  artificial active 
C)  artificial passive 
D)  natural active 
E)  both active and passive

Question 6

You step on something in the yard resulting in a puncture wound that does not bleed freely. Antigens from any microbes that entered the wound will most likely end up in the

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph nodes of the armpit (axilla). 
B)  spleen. 
C)  lymph nodes of the groin (inguinal). 
D)  lymph nodes of the neck (cervical). 
E)  appendix. 
A)  lymph nodes of the armpit (axilla). 
B)  spleen. 
C)  lymph nodes of the groin (inguinal). 
D)  lymph nodes of the neck (cervical). 
E)  appendix.

Question 7

Which of the following recognizes and binds to MHC II antigens and helps stabilize the binding of epitopes to T cell receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  CD26 
B)  CD4 
C)  CCR5 
D)  MHC I 
E)  CCR3 
A)  CD26 
B)  CD4 
C)  CCR5 
D)  MHC I 
E)  CCR3

Question 8

A variety of molecular components of the adaptive immune system bind epitopes (antigenic determinants). Compare and contrast the binding of epitopes by antibody molecules, T cell receptors (TCRs), and MHC molecules, and describe the consequences of the different interactions.

Accepted Answer

Antibody molecules produced by B lymphoc

Question 9

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells, macrophages, and (dendritic/plasma/T) cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells,...

Question 10

Secretory IgA antibodies are unique because they

Accepted Answer

A)  have unique light chains. 
B)  are present in the plasma. 
C)  are present in lymph nodes. 
D)  are Y-shaped molecules. 
E)  are connected with J chains and short polypeptides to form dimers. 
A)  have unique light chains. 
B)  are present in the plasma. 
C)  are present in lymph nodes. 
D)  are Y-shaped molecules. 
E)  are connected with J chains and short polypeptides to form dimers.

Question 11

Which of the following components of antigen processing is MISMATCHED?

Accepted Answer

A)  endogenous antigen: MHC II 
B)  exogenous antigen: MHC II 
C)  phagosome: exogenous antigen 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum: endogenous antigen 
E)  endogengous antigen: MHC I 
A)  endogenous antigen: MHC II 
B)  exogenous antigen: MHC II 
C)  phagosome: exogenous antigen 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum: endogenous antigen 
E)  endogengous antigen: MHC I

Question 12

Which of the following function(s) in agglutination?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE antibodies 
B)  IgD antibodies 
C)  IgA antibodies 
D)  IgG antibodies 
E)  IgA and IgG antibodies 
A)  IgE antibodies 
B)  IgD antibodies 
C)  IgA antibodies 
D)  IgG antibodies 
E)  IgA and IgG antibodies

Question 13

The type of immunoglobulin illustrated here is

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM. 
B)  IgD. 
C)  IgA. 
D)  IgE. 
E)  IgG. 
A)  IgM. 
B)  IgD. 
C)  IgA. 
D)  IgE. 
E)  IgG.

Question 14

The structural features common to all antibody classes are

Accepted Answer

A)  two pairs of a heavy chain and a light chain which form an antigen binding site. 
B)  a stem formed of a light chain and a heavy chain. 
C)  an antigen binding site formed by two light chains. 
D)  an antigen binding site formed by a single heavy chain. 
E)  a heavy chain paired with a light chain. 
A)  two pairs of a heavy chain and a light chain which form an antigen binding site. 
B)  a stem formed of a light chain and a heavy chain. 
C)  an antigen binding site formed by two light chains. 
D)  an antigen binding site formed by a single heavy chain. 
E)  a heavy chain paired with a light chain.

Question 15

The epitope specificity of a T lymphocyte is determined by its (MHC/BCR/TCR).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The epitope specificity of a T lymphocyte...

Question 16

Each B lymphocyte develops a unique BCR variable region by random assembly of immunoglobulin gene fragments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Large accumulations of unactivated self-tolerant lymphocytes conducting surveillance for specific antigenic determinants are found in

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph nodes. 
B)  the MALT. 
C)  the thymus. 
D)  the MALT and lymph nodes. 
E)  the MALT, lymph nodes, and thymus. 
A)  lymph nodes. 
B)  the MALT. 
C)  the thymus. 
D)  the MALT and lymph nodes. 
E)  the MALT, lymph nodes, and thymus.

Question 18

Describe the mechanisms of action of antibodies.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies act against foreign antigens

Question 19

A sick child may have influenza or RSV. These virus infections have different treatment options, so the physician requests antibody titer tests. The results are as follows: anti-influenza antibodies are primarily IgM, and anti-RSV antibodies are all IgA and IgG. Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The child has a current RSV infection and was previously exposed to influenza. 
B)  The child has neither influenza nor RSV. 
C)  The child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV. 
D)  The child has concurrent influenza and RSV infections. 
E)  The results do not provide sufficient data to draw a conclusion. 
A)  The child has a current RSV infection and was previously exposed to influenza. 
B)  The child has neither influenza nor RSV. 
C)  The child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV. 
D)  The child has concurrent influenza and RSV infections. 
E)  The results do not provide sufficient data to draw a conclusion.

Question 20

Compare and contrast clonal deletion and clonal selection of B lymphocytes.

Accepted Answer

Both clonal deletion and clonal selectio

Exam 16: Adaptive Immunity

The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs). An adaptive immune response to this parasite is problematic because

Which of the following best describes IgM antibodies?

In what way is the lymphatic system similar to the circulatory system?

Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?

Vaccination triggers an immune response which produces immunity.

You step on something in the yard resulting in a puncture wound that does not bleed freely. Antigens from any microbes that entered the wound will most likely end up in the

Which of the following recognizes and binds to MHC II antigens and helps stabilize the binding of epitopes to T cell receptors?

A variety of molecular components of the adaptive immune system bind epitopes (antigenic determinants). Compare and contrast the binding of epitopes by antibody molecules, T cell receptors (TCRs), and MHC molecules, and describe the consequences of the different interactions.

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells, macrophages, and (dendritic/plasma/T) cells.

Secretory IgA antibodies are unique because they

Which of the following components of antigen processing is MISMATCHED?

Which of the following function(s) in agglutination?

The type of immunoglobulin illustrated here is

The structural features common to all antibody classes are

The epitope specificity of a T lymphocyte is determined by its (MHC/BCR/TCR).

Each B lymphocyte develops a unique BCR variable region by random assembly of immunoglobulin gene fragments.

Large accumulations of unactivated self-tolerant lymphocytes conducting surveillance for specific antigenic determinants are found in

Describe the mechanisms of action of antibodies.

Compare and contrast clonal deletion and clonal selection of B lymphocytes.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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