Question 1

Rodents are the natural hosts for the virus that causes

Accepted Answer

A)  Venezuelan equine encephalitis. 
B)  Eastern equine encephalitis. 
C)  Western equine encephalitis. 
D)  West Nile encephalitis. 
E)  St. Louis encephalitis. 
A)  Venezuelan equine encephalitis. 
B)  Eastern equine encephalitis. 
C)  Western equine encephalitis. 
D)  West Nile encephalitis. 
E)  St. Louis encephalitis.

Question 2

Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis is directly related to its ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  produce a powerful toxin. 
B)  live and reproduce inside its hostʹs cells. 
C)  produce a polysaccharide capsule. 
D)  form endospores. 
E)  resist most antimicrobial agents. 
A)  produce a powerful toxin. 
B)  live and reproduce inside its hostʹs cells. 
C)  produce a polysaccharide capsule. 
D)  form endospores. 
E)  resist most antimicrobial agents.

Question 3

The illustration is of a Gram-negative bacterium frequently responsible for meningitis. What virulence factor(s) of the bacterium is/are illustrated?

Accepted Answer

A)  a membrane containing LOS 
B)  a capsule 
C)  fimbriae 
D)  a capsule and fimbriae 
E)  a capsule, fimbriae, and a membrane containing LOS 
A)  a membrane containing LOS 
B)  a capsule 
C)  fimbriae 
D)  a capsule and fimbriae 
E)  a capsule, fimbriae, and a membrane containing LOS

Question 4

Describe the pathogenesis associated with Trypanosoma brucei that makes it impossible for infected individuals to become immune to the pathogen.

Accepted Answer

Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan that c

Question 5

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease can be prevented by avoiding

Accepted Answer

A)  consumption of contaminated meat. 
B)  contact with mosquitoes. 
C)  consumption of undercooked meat. 
D)  contact with bird droppings. 
E)  contaminated waterways. 
A)  consumption of contaminated meat. 
B)  contact with mosquitoes. 
C)  consumption of undercooked meat. 
D)  contact with bird droppings. 
E)  contaminated waterways.

Question 6

Nasal or ocular contact with water containing may result in primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Acanthamoeba 
B)  Trypanosoma brucei 
C)  Naegleria 
D)  both Acanthomoeba and Naegleria 
E)  Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Trypanosoma brucei 
A)  Acanthamoeba 
B)  Trypanosoma brucei 
C)  Naegleria 
D)  both Acanthomoeba and Naegleria 
E)  Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Trypanosoma brucei

Question 7

Children in the United States are vaccinated with the (IPV/OPV) to prevent polio. (Use all uppercase in your answer.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children in the United States are vaccinated...

Question 8

Small subcutaneous hemorrhages called (macules/petechiae) are sometimes present in cases of meningitis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Small subcutaneous hemorrhages called (macules/petechiae) are sometimes...

Question 9

African sleeping sickness is fatal if not treated because the parasite

Accepted Answer

A)  produces a non-immunogenic toxin the immune system cannot neutralize. 
B)  reproduces so fast there is no time for an immune response to develop. 
C)  is an intracellular parasite in RBCʹs, where they are not detected by the immune system. 
D)  produces a toxin which binds irreversibly to neurons. 
E)  evades destruction by the immune system by changing surface antigens. 
A)  produces a non-immunogenic toxin the immune system cannot neutralize. 
B)  reproduces so fast there is no time for an immune response to develop. 
C)  is an intracellular parasite in RBCʹs, where they are not detected by the immune system. 
D)  produces a toxin which binds irreversibly to neurons. 
E)  evades destruction by the immune system by changing surface antigens.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning rabies is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  All mammals can serve as a reservoir for the disease. 
B)  It is caused by an ssRNA virus. 
C)  Transmission is usually via a bite from a rabid animal. 
D)  Bats are the source of most cases of rabies in humans. 
E)  Treatment includes vaccination. 
A)  All mammals can serve as a reservoir for the disease. 
B)  It is caused by an ssRNA virus. 
C)  Transmission is usually via a bite from a rabid animal. 
D)  Bats are the source of most cases of rabies in humans. 
E)  Treatment includes vaccination.

Question 11

The type of bacterial meningitis that becomes epidemic among young adults is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes. 
E)  Streptococcus agalactiae. 
A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes. 
E)  Streptococcus agalactiae.

Question 12

How does tetanospasmin affect motor control?

Accepted Answer

A)  It induces nervous system proteins to fold into abnormal shapes. 
B)  It blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS. 
C)  It is a pyrogenic toxin. 
D)  It triggers the endocytosis of skeletal muscle cells. 
E)  It blocks the secretion of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. 
A)  It induces nervous system proteins to fold into abnormal shapes. 
B)  It blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS. 
C)  It is a pyrogenic toxin. 
D)  It triggers the endocytosis of skeletal muscle cells. 
E)  It blocks the secretion of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.

Question 13

The least common type of polio is

Accepted Answer

A)  minor polio. 
B)  nonparalytic polio. 
C)  paralytic polio. 
D)  an asymptomatic infection. 
E)  postpolio syndrome. 
A)  minor polio. 
B)  nonparalytic polio. 
C)  paralytic polio. 
D)  an asymptomatic infection. 
E)  postpolio syndrome.

Question 14

Encephalitis is an infection of

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons of the peripheral nervous system. 
B)  the brain. 
C)  the cauda equina. 
D)  the meninges. 
E)  the eye. 
A)  neurons of the peripheral nervous system. 
B)  the brain. 
C)  the cauda equina. 
D)  the meninges. 
E)  the eye.

Question 15

The condition known as ʺpinkeyeʺ may be the result of infection with

Accepted Answer

A)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
B)  Clostridium botulinum. 
C)  Trypanosoma brucei. 
D)  Acanthamoeba. 
E)  Chlamydia trachomatis. 
A)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
B)  Clostridium botulinum. 
C)  Trypanosoma brucei. 
D)  Acanthamoeba. 
E)  Chlamydia trachomatis.

Question 16

Functions of the include regulation of heart rate and respiration.

Accepted Answer

A)  meninges 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  spinal cord 
D)  cerebrum 
E)  brain stem 
A)  meninges 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  spinal cord 
D)  cerebrum 
E)  brain stem

Question 17

The disease known as cryptococcal meningitis

Accepted Answer

A)  is transmitted in respiratory aerosols. 
B)  begins as a lung infection. 
C)  results from exposure to bird droppings. 
D)  is caused by a Gram-negative coccus. 
E)  results from exposure to bird droppings and begins as a lung infection. 
A)  is transmitted in respiratory aerosols. 
B)  begins as a lung infection. 
C)  results from exposure to bird droppings. 
D)  is caused by a Gram-negative coccus. 
E)  results from exposure to bird droppings and begins as a lung infection.

Question 18

The Gram-positive diplococcus is commonly found in the pharynx but may invade the central nervous system inside cells where it survives after endocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Streptococcus agalactiae 
E)  Neisseria meningitidis 
A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Streptococcus agalactiae 
E)  Neisseria meningitidis

Question 19

Compare and contrast the pathogenicity of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani, including mechanisms of action of their toxins and disease manifestations.

Accepted Answer

Both bacteria are anaerobic endospores-f

Question 20

Horses and humans are considered ʺdead-endʺ hosts for arboviruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Rodents are the natural hosts for the virus that causes

Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis is directly related to its ability to

The illustration is of a Gram-negative bacterium frequently responsible for meningitis. What virulence factor(s) of the bacterium is/are illustrated?

Describe the pathogenesis associated with Trypanosoma brucei that makes it impossible for infected individuals to become immune to the pathogen.

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease can be prevented by avoiding

Nasal or ocular contact with water containing may result in primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Children in the United States are vaccinated with the (IPV/OPV) to prevent polio. (Use all uppercase in your answer.)

Small subcutaneous hemorrhages called (macules/petechiae) are sometimes present in cases of meningitis.

African sleeping sickness is fatal if not treated because the parasite

Which of the following statements concerning rabies is FALSE?

The type of bacterial meningitis that becomes epidemic among young adults is caused by

How does tetanospasmin affect motor control?

The least common type of polio is

Encephalitis is an infection of

The condition known as ʺpinkeyeʺ may be the result of infection with

Functions of the include regulation of heart rate and respiration.

The disease known as cryptococcal meningitis

The Gram-positive diplococcus is commonly found in the pharynx but may invade the central nervous system inside cells where it survives after endocytosis.

Compare and contrast the pathogenicity of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani, including mechanisms of action of their toxins and disease manifestations.

Horses and humans are considered ʺdead-endʺ hosts for arboviruses.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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