Question 1

The development of a cancerous cell is said to require ʺmultiple hits.ʺ This means

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple cell cycle regulators are inactivated at once. 
B)  multiple oncogenic viruses infect the cell at the same time. 
C)  a series of separate events over time lead to the loss of cell cycle regulation. 
D)  the cell must be infected with several different types of viruses to be transformed. 
E)  several protoncogenes are activated at the same time. 
A)  multiple cell cycle regulators are inactivated at once. 
B)  multiple oncogenic viruses infect the cell at the same time. 
C)  a series of separate events over time lead to the loss of cell cycle regulation. 
D)  the cell must be infected with several different types of viruses to be transformed. 
E)  several protoncogenes are activated at the same time.

Question 2

A is a mass of neoplastic cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  tumor 
B)  plaque 
C)  metastasis 
D)  diploid culture 
E)  gall 
A)  tumor 
B)  plaque 
C)  metastasis 
D)  diploid culture 
E)  gall

Question 3

How are fungal viruses different from viruses that infect other organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have no extracellular state. 
B)  They have no capsid. 
C)  They cannot pass through a filter. 
D)  They have only DNA for genetic material. 
E)  They have no intracellular state. 
A)  They have no extracellular state. 
B)  They have no capsid. 
C)  They cannot pass through a filter. 
D)  They have only DNA for genetic material. 
E)  They have no intracellular state.

Question 4

Which of the following agents is capable of inducing conversion of a prophage to the lytic cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  X-rays 
B)  UV light 
C)  presence of +ssRNA 
D)  both UV light and X-rays 
E)  both UV light and the presence of +ssRNA 
A)  X-rays 
B)  UV light 
C)  presence of +ssRNA 
D)  both UV light and X-rays 
E)  both UV light and the presence of +ssRNA

Question 5

The enzyme lysozyme is critical for which of the stages of a bacteriophage T4 infection cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment 
B)  assembly 
C)  entry and release 
D)  synthesis 
E)  entry 
A)  attachment 
B)  assembly 
C)  entry and release 
D)  synthesis 
E)  entry

Question 6

How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be destroyed by incineration. 
B)  They act as slow viruses. 
C)  They cause neurological problems. 
D)  They cannot reproduce outside a cell. 
E)  They lack nucleic acid. 
A)  They can be destroyed by incineration. 
B)  They act as slow viruses. 
C)  They cause neurological problems. 
D)  They cannot reproduce outside a cell. 
E)  They lack nucleic acid.

Question 7

RNA dependent RNA polymerase is required for successful infection by (+ssRNA/-ssRNA/dsRNA) viruses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of RNA dependent RNA polymerase is required for...

Question 8

Assembly of enveloped viruses requires (membrane/matrix/receptor) to bring together the nucleocapsid and the envelope.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assembly of enveloped viruses requires (membrane/matrix/receptor) to...

Question 9

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is an example of a prion disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is present in cells only during virus infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA-RNA heteroduplex 
B)  ssRNA 
C)  ssDNA 
D)  dsDNA 
E)  triplet RNA 
A)  DNA-RNA heteroduplex 
B)  ssRNA 
C)  ssDNA 
D)  dsDNA 
E)  triplet RNA

Question 11

Three (orders/families/classes) represent the highest level of taxonomic rank used in classifying viruses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three (orders/families/classes) represent the highest level of...

Question 12

Viruses are responsible for (all/most/some) human cancers. (Use relative terms not numbers.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Viruses are responsible for (all/most/some) human cancers....

Question 13

In contrast to most dsDNA animal viruses, the poxviruses replicate solely in the cytoplasm of the host cell. This fact implies that the viral genome may encode

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosome components. 
B)  reverse transcriptase and RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase. 
C)  reverse transcriptase. 
D)  a DNA polymerase. 
E)  RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase. 
A)  ribosome components. 
B)  reverse transcriptase and RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase. 
C)  reverse transcriptase. 
D)  a DNA polymerase. 
E)  RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase.

Question 14

Plaque assays are used for

Accepted Answer

A)  determining the density of phage in a culture. 
B)  counting the number of latent phages in a cell. 
C)  cultivating viruses that cannot be grown any other way. 
D)  the study of prions. 
E)  evaluating the cancer-causing ability of a virus. 
A)  determining the density of phage in a culture. 
B)  counting the number of latent phages in a cell. 
C)  cultivating viruses that cannot be grown any other way. 
D)  the study of prions. 
E)  evaluating the cancer-causing ability of a virus.

Question 15

Viruses cause most human cancers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Virus entry requires the presence of specific cell structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

How is the HIV provirus different from a lambda-phage prophage?

Accepted Answer

A)  All the offspring of a cell infected with a prophage will contain the virus. 
B)  All subsequent generations of HIV-infected cells carry the provirus. 
C)  The HIV provirus is integrated permanently into the host cellʹs DNA. 
D)  The HIV provirus is inactive inside the host cell. 
E)  Lambda phage-infected cells produce virus slowly over time. 
A)  All the offspring of a cell infected with a prophage will contain the virus. 
B)  All subsequent generations of HIV-infected cells carry the provirus. 
C)  The HIV provirus is integrated permanently into the host cellʹs DNA. 
D)  The HIV provirus is inactive inside the host cell. 
E)  Lambda phage-infected cells produce virus slowly over time.

Question 18

Which virus is CORRECTLY matched with its method of entry?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV; membrane fusion 
B)  measles virus; direct penetration 
C)  adenovirus; direct penetration 
D)  herpesvirus; membrane fusion 
E)  poliovirus; endocytosis 
A)  HIV; membrane fusion 
B)  measles virus; direct penetration 
C)  adenovirus; direct penetration 
D)  herpesvirus; membrane fusion 
E)  poliovirus; endocytosis

Question 19

A is a virus that infects bacterial cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  viroid 
B)  nucleocapsid 
C)  virion 
D)  prion 
E)  bacteriophage 
A)  viroid 
B)  nucleocapsid 
C)  virion 
D)  prion 
E)  bacteriophage

Question 20

Protozoa are susceptible to viral attack.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The development of a cancerous cell is said to require ʺmultiple hits.ʺ This means

A is a mass of neoplastic cells.

How are fungal viruses different from viruses that infect other organisms?

Which of the following agents is capable of inducing conversion of a prophage to the lytic cycle?

The enzyme lysozyme is critical for which of the stages of a bacteriophage T4 infection cycle?

How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?

RNA dependent RNA polymerase is required for successful infection by (+ssRNA/-ssRNA/dsRNA) viruses.

Assembly of enveloped viruses requires (membrane/matrix/receptor) to bring together the nucleocapsid and the envelope.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is an example of a prion disease.

Which of the following is present in cells only during virus infection?

Three (orders/families/classes) represent the highest level of taxonomic rank used in classifying viruses.

Viruses are responsible for (all/most/some) human cancers. (Use relative terms not numbers.)

In contrast to most dsDNA animal viruses, the poxviruses replicate solely in the cytoplasm of the host cell. This fact implies that the viral genome may encode

Plaque assays are used for

Viruses cause most human cancers.

Virus entry requires the presence of specific cell structures.

How is the HIV provirus different from a lambda-phage prophage?

Which virus is CORRECTLY matched with its method of entry?

A is a virus that infects bacterial cells.

Protozoa are susceptible to viral attack.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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