Question 1

Which one of the following strategies is most likely to promote self-regulation in students?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr.Adams knows that many students have trouble learning algebra.He spends the first few weeks of class having students engage in activities that will make algebraic concepts concrete and understandable. 
B) When assigning a lengthy research project, Mr.Barnett advises his students to divide the project into a number of smaller tasks and then to reinforce themselves after they complete each one. 
C) To build endurance, Mr.Carruthers asks his physical education students to run progressively longer distances each week. 
D) Mr.D'Amato asks his students to look in a mirror and write a poem about what they see. 
A) Mr.Adams knows that many students have trouble learning algebra.He spends the first few weeks of class having students engage in activities that will make algebraic concepts concrete and understandable. 
B) When assigning a lengthy research project, Mr.Barnett advises his students to divide the project into a number of smaller tasks and then to reinforce themselves after they complete each one. 
C) To build endurance, Mr.Carruthers asks his physical education students to run progressively longer distances each week. 
D) Mr.D'Amato asks his students to look in a mirror and write a poem about what they see.

Question 2

When George attends the first day of an Advanced Placement class in biology, he thinks to himself, "This is going to be a really hard class.I don't know if I have what it takes to understand and remember all this stuff." George's misgivings can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) Emotion regulation 
B) Self-monitoring 
C) Low self-efficacy for learning 
D) Low self-efficacy for performance 
A) Emotion regulation 
B) Self-monitoring 
C) Low self-efficacy for learning 
D) Low self-efficacy for performance

Question 3

John is caught cheating on a homework assignment.He suffers no consequences for doing so, even though cheating is in clear violation of school policy.From a social cognitive perspective, which one of the following predictions can we make about John's future behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) He will cheat less frequently. 
B) He will cheat as frequently as he has in the past. 
C) He will cheat more frequently. 
D) He will regress to a lower stage of moral reasoning. 
A) He will cheat less frequently. 
B) He will cheat as frequently as he has in the past. 
C) He will cheat more frequently. 
D) He will regress to a lower stage of moral reasoning.

Question 4

Tammy tells Mr.Brookes that she really wants to do well in his government class, but she doesn't seem to study the right things and so always get low scores on quizzes and tests.Before the next test, the two of them meet after school and create a list of questions she should try to answer as she reads and studies.This situation can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) Self-instructions 
B) Co-regulated learning 
C) A self-imposed contingency 
D) Peer mediation 
A) Self-instructions 
B) Co-regulated learning 
C) A self-imposed contingency 
D) Peer mediation

Question 5

Sharon knows that Kathy frequently completes her assignments long after they are due. She has noticed that their teacher willingly accepts Kathy's late assignments because Kathy always has a creative excuse for turning them in late.Sharon begins to do the same thing-she turns in assignments past the due date and makes up excuses for why she is late.Sharon's increase in excuse-making is due to:

Accepted Answer

A) A decrease in self-regulation 
B) An increase in self-reinforcement 
C) Shaping and intrinsic reinforcement 
D) Modeling and vicarious reinforcement 
A) A decrease in self-regulation 
B) An increase in self-reinforcement 
C) Shaping and intrinsic reinforcement 
D) Modeling and vicarious reinforcement

Question 6

Nora has a quick temper, overreacting in anger every time one of her classmates does something she doesn't like.Her teacher suggests that whenever another student annoys her, she should 1)stop to decide what behavior in particular is bothering her, 2)think about several possible ways of responding to the behavior, and 3)choose the response that is most likely to be both productive and prosocial.In self-regulation terminology, the teacher is trying to promote in Nora.

Accepted Answer

A) self-regulated problem solving 
B) self-imposed contingencies 
C) self-regulated learning 
D) self-monitoring 
A) self-regulated problem solving 
B) self-imposed contingencies 
C) self-regulated learning 
D) self-monitoring

Question 7

Several students in Mr.Samber's class have trouble keeping themselves on task during independent seatwork assignments.Mr.Samber gives each of these students a piece of paper on which they are to make a check mark every time they find themselves doing something other than their assignment during seatwork time.Mr.Samber is using which one of the following techniques for changing behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Reinforcement of an incompatible behavior 
B) A contingency contract 
C) Removal punishment 
D) Self-monitoring 
A) Reinforcement of an incompatible behavior 
B) A contingency contract 
C) Removal punishment 
D) Self-monitoring

Question 8

These four teachers claim to be practicing principles from social cognitive theory. Based on the following information, which one is not actually doing so?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr.Anderson makes sure students are paying attention when he shows them how to do long division problems. 
B) Ms.Benson has students read biographies of people who have worked unselfishly for others 
C) Mr.Carlson tells his class he smokes cigarettes but admits that he wishes he'd never started. 
D) Ms.Donovan shows her new second-grade class how to spell her name by writing it in large letters on the chalkboard. 
E) g., Albert Schweitzer, Clara Barton, Mahatma Gandhi). 
A) Mr.Anderson makes sure students are paying attention when he shows them how to do long division problems. 
B) Ms.Benson has students read biographies of people who have worked unselfishly for others 
C) Mr.Carlson tells his class he smokes cigarettes but admits that he wishes he'd never started. 
D) Ms.Donovan shows her new second-grade class how to spell her name by writing it in large letters on the chalkboard. 
E) g., Albert Schweitzer, Clara Barton, Mahatma Gandhi).

Question 9

Three of the following statements are true with regard to students' self-efficacy.Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Students with low self-efficacy usually try harder at a task. 
B) Students with high self-efficacy achieve at higher levels than those with low self- efficacy, even when previous achievement has been equivalent. 
C) Students tend to choose activities at which they know they can be successful rather than those at which they think they will fail. 
D) Students' perceptions of their ability to succeed at a task are usually fairly accurate, especially as they get older. 
A) Students with low self-efficacy usually try harder at a task. 
B) Students with high self-efficacy achieve at higher levels than those with low self- efficacy, even when previous achievement has been equivalent. 
C) Students tend to choose activities at which they know they can be successful rather than those at which they think they will fail. 
D) Students' perceptions of their ability to succeed at a task are usually fairly accurate, especially as they get older.

Question 10

Which strategy for promoting self-regulation is most consistent with Vygotsky's concept of self-talk?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-instructions-reminding oneself about appropriate actions 
B) Self-reinforcement-praising oneself for appropriate behavior 
C) Self-monitoring-keeping track of how one is behaving 
D) Self-punishment-reprimanding oneself for inappropriate behavior 
A) Self-instructions-reminding oneself about appropriate actions 
B) Self-reinforcement-praising oneself for appropriate behavior 
C) Self-monitoring-keeping track of how one is behaving 
D) Self-punishment-reprimanding oneself for inappropriate behavior

Question 11

Only one of the following statements describes an accurate comparison between behaviorist and social cognitive theories of learning.Which statement is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Both perspectives ignore the role that thought processes play in learning. 
B) Only social cognitive theorists propose that reinforcement affects observers as well as the individuals actually being reinforced. 
C) Both behaviorists and social cognitive theorists propose that punishment has little or no effect on behavior. 
D) Both behaviorists and social cognitive theorists use the concept of extinction to explain what happens when a response is no longer reinforced. 
A) Both perspectives ignore the role that thought processes play in learning. 
B) Only social cognitive theorists propose that reinforcement affects observers as well as the individuals actually being reinforced. 
C) Both behaviorists and social cognitive theorists propose that punishment has little or no effect on behavior. 
D) Both behaviorists and social cognitive theorists use the concept of extinction to explain what happens when a response is no longer reinforced.

Question 12

In what way does self-efficacy differ from the term self-concept?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-efficacy refers only to behaviors that people learn through modeling. 
B) Self-efficacy results primarily from vicarious reinforcement and punishment. 
C) Self-efficacy varies depending on the specific task to be performed. 
D) Self-efficacy appears only after people begin to regulate their own behavior. 
A) Self-efficacy refers only to behaviors that people learn through modeling. 
B) Self-efficacy results primarily from vicarious reinforcement and punishment. 
C) Self-efficacy varies depending on the specific task to be performed. 
D) Self-efficacy appears only after people begin to regulate their own behavior.

Question 13

Research studies indicate that three of the following can be learned by observing models.For which one has modeling not been shown to be a significant factor in learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Resisting the advances of strangers 
B) Increasing one's IQ score 
C) Prosocial behavior 
D) Aggression 
A) Resisting the advances of strangers 
B) Increasing one's IQ score 
C) Prosocial behavior 
D) Aggression

Question 14

Which one of the following is the best example of a student working for an incentive?

Accepted Answer

A) Arnold's teacher gives him a big hug after he surprises her by bringing her a cupcake from home. 
B) Betsy decides not to talk in class because her teacher ridiculed her earlier in the day when she gave an incorrect answer. 
C) Cyril stays out late even though he knows he will be punished when he gets home. 
D) Doris is studying with the hopes that she will pass her history test. 
A) Arnold's teacher gives him a big hug after he surprises her by bringing her a cupcake from home. 
B) Betsy decides not to talk in class because her teacher ridiculed her earlier in the day when she gave an incorrect answer. 
C) Cyril stays out late even though he knows he will be punished when he gets home. 
D) Doris is studying with the hopes that she will pass her history test.

Question 15

Which one of the following instances of learning can be explained more easily by social cognitive theory than by behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

A) Playing the role of a German butler in the school play, Andy says his lines using a German accent similar to one he's heard in the movies a few times. 
B) Brad discovers that to get his teacher's approval, he must turn in his writing assignments without a single error in grammar, spelling, or punctuation. 
C) Craig finds that he gets one "special" girl's attention when he shows off on the playground. 
D) Darren has stopped trying in school because he seems to get low grades no matter what he does. 
A) Playing the role of a German butler in the school play, Andy says his lines using a German accent similar to one he's heard in the movies a few times. 
B) Brad discovers that to get his teacher's approval, he must turn in his writing assignments without a single error in grammar, spelling, or punctuation. 
C) Craig finds that he gets one "special" girl's attention when he shows off on the playground. 
D) Darren has stopped trying in school because he seems to get low grades no matter what he does.

Question 16

Considering what we know about the kinds of models people are likely to imitate, we can guess that the girls in our classes will be least likely to imitate:

Accepted Answer

A) Anita, a skillful auto mechanic 
B) Brianne, head majorette in the school band 
C) Claudia, the most popular girl in school 
D) Darla, a graceful dancer 
A) Anita, a skillful auto mechanic 
B) Brianne, head majorette in the school band 
C) Claudia, the most popular girl in school 
D) Darla, a graceful dancer

Question 17

On average, self-regulated learners tend to:

Accepted Answer

A) Require more of a teacher's time and attention than do other students, but this time and attention is a good investment over the long run 
B) Perform better on a continuous reinforcement schedule than on an intermittent reinforcement schedule 
C) Be less interested in extracurricular activities than their classmates 
D) Achieve at higher levels in the classroom 
A) Require more of a teacher's time and attention than do other students, but this time and attention is a good investment over the long run 
B) Perform better on a continuous reinforcement schedule than on an intermittent reinforcement schedule 
C) Be less interested in extracurricular activities than their classmates 
D) Achieve at higher levels in the classroom

Question 18

Three of the following strategies are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for helping students learn to engage in self-evaluation.Which strategy, although possibly beneficial for other reasons, is least likely to promote self-evaluation?

Accepted Answer

A) Have students compile portfolios of their best work. 
B) Give students detailed feedback about their biology lab reports. 
C) Have students reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of their performance in a daily journal. 
D) Give students a checklist of things to look for as they read the first draft of their research papers. 
A) Have students compile portfolios of their best work. 
B) Give students detailed feedback about their biology lab reports. 
C) Have students reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of their performance in a daily journal. 
D) Give students a checklist of things to look for as they read the first draft of their research papers.

Question 19

Social cognitive theorists propose that three of the following are essential for students to learn successfully from models.Which one is not essential?

Accepted Answer

A) Reinforcement for good performance 
B) Motivation to perform the behavior 
C) Memory of the observed behavior 
D) Attention to the model 
A) Reinforcement for good performance 
B) Motivation to perform the behavior 
C) Memory of the observed behavior 
D) Attention to the model

Question 20

Should students ever be allowed to fail at classroom tasks? According to social cognitive theorists, the answer is:

Accepted Answer

A) Yes.Self-efficacy is highest when students fail at a task several times in a row before accomplishing it successfully. 
B) Yes.Occasional failures interspersed among frequent successes teach students that perseverance pays off. 
C) No.Failure gives students the message that school is not an enjoyable place to be. 
D) No.Even a single failure can seriously deflate students' self-efficacy. 
A) Yes.Self-efficacy is highest when students fail at a task several times in a row before accomplishing it successfully. 
B) Yes.Occasional failures interspersed among frequent successes teach students that perseverance pays off. 
C) No.Failure gives students the message that school is not an enjoyable place to be. 
D) No.Even a single failure can seriously deflate students' self-efficacy.

Which one of the following strategies is most likely to promote self-regulation in students?

When George attends the first day of an Advanced Placement class in biology, he thinks to himself, "This is going to be a really hard class.I don't know if I have what it takes to understand and remember all this stuff." George's misgivings can best be described as:

John is caught cheating on a homework assignment.He suffers no consequences for doing so, even though cheating is in clear violation of school policy.From a social cognitive perspective, which one of the following predictions can we make about John's future behavior?

These four teachers claim to be practicing principles from social cognitive theory. Based on the following information, which one is not actually doing so?

Three of the following statements are true with regard to students' self-efficacy.Which statement is false?

Which strategy for promoting self-regulation is most consistent with Vygotsky's concept of self-talk?

Only one of the following statements describes an accurate comparison between behaviorist and social cognitive theories of learning.Which statement is accurate?

In what way does self-efficacy differ from the term self-concept?

Research studies indicate that three of the following can be learned by observing models.For which one has modeling not been shown to be a significant factor in learning?

Which one of the following is the best example of a student working for an incentive?

Which one of the following instances of learning can be explained more easily by social cognitive theory than by behaviorism?

Considering what we know about the kinds of models people are likely to imitate, we can guess that the girls in our classes will be least likely to imitate:

On average, self-regulated learners tend to:

Three of the following strategies are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for helping students learn to engage in self-evaluation.Which strategy, although possibly beneficial for other reasons, is least likely to promote self-evaluation?

Social cognitive theorists propose that three of the following are essential for students to learn successfully from models.Which one is not essential?

Should students ever be allowed to fail at classroom tasks? According to social cognitive theorists, the answer is:

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

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Exam 10: Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Which one of the following strategies is most likely to promote self-regulation in students?

When George attends the first day of an Advanced Placement class in biology, he thinks to himself, "This is going to be a really hard class.I don't know if I have what it takes to understand and remember all this stuff." George's misgivings can best be described as:

John is caught cheating on a homework assignment.He suffers no consequences for doing so, even though cheating is in clear violation of school policy.From a social cognitive perspective, which one of the following predictions can we make about John's future behavior?

These four teachers claim to be practicing principles from social cognitive theory. Based on the following information, which one is not actually doing so?

Three of the following statements are true with regard to students' self-efficacy.Which statement is false?

Which strategy for promoting self-regulation is most consistent with Vygotsky's concept of self-talk?

Only one of the following statements describes an accurate comparison between behaviorist and social cognitive theories of learning.Which statement is accurate?

In what way does self-efficacy differ from the term self-concept?

Research studies indicate that three of the following can be learned by observing models.For which one has modeling not been shown to be a significant factor in learning?

Which one of the following is the best example of a student working for an incentive?

Which one of the following instances of learning can be explained more easily by social cognitive theory than by behaviorism?

Considering what we know about the kinds of models people are likely to imitate, we can guess that the girls in our classes will be least likely to imitate:

On average, self-regulated learners tend to:

Three of the following strategies are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for helping students learn to engage in self-evaluation.Which strategy, although possibly beneficial for other reasons, is least likely to promote self-evaluation?

Social cognitive theorists propose that three of the following are essential for students to learn successfully from models.Which one is not essential?

Should students ever be allowed to fail at classroom tasks? According to social cognitive theorists, the answer is:

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters