Question 1

Chronically lonely people tend to blame _____ for their poor social relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) their parents and early childhood experiences 
B) the uncaring attitudes of those presently around them 
C) themselves 
D) cultural patterns 
A) their parents and early childhood experiences 
B) the uncaring attitudes of those presently around them 
C) themselves 
D) cultural patterns C

Question 2

In a research study conducted by Colin Sacks and Daphne Bugental (1987),young women were asked to get acquainted with a stranger who sometimes acted cold and unfriendly,creating an awkward social situation.The results indicated that women with a pessimistic explanatory style reacted by

Accepted Answer

A) showing a heightened preference for warm foods and drinks. 
B) behaving antagonistically toward the next people they met. 
C) recalling that their parents had been rejecting and punitive. 
D) blaming themselves for the social failure. 
A) showing a heightened preference for warm foods and drinks. 
B) behaving antagonistically toward the next people they met. 
C) recalling that their parents had been rejecting and punitive. 
D) blaming themselves for the social failure. B

Question 3

Which of the following statements is an example of one of the components of a pessimistic explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

A) "This is all my fault." 
B) "I have learned my lesson." 
C) "This is going to ruin everything." 
D) "Things are going to be terrible from now on." 
A) "This is all my fault." 
B) "I have learned my lesson." 
C) "This is going to ruin everything." 
D) "Things are going to be terrible from now on." B

Question 4

According to the text,shyness is _____ characterized by self-consciousness and worry about what others think.

Accepted Answer

A) loneliness 
B) social anxiety 
C) depression 
D) social incompetence 
A) loneliness 
B) social anxiety 
C) depression 
D) social incompetence

Question 5

Identify a true statement about self-conscious people.

Accepted Answer

A) They are unlikely to be prone to "the spotlight effect." 
B) They are unlikely to consume alcohol following a failure. 
C) They have a tendency to overpersonalize situations. 
D) They see incidental events as irrelevant to themselves. 
A) They are unlikely to be prone to "the spotlight effect." 
B) They are unlikely to consume alcohol following a failure. 
C) They have a tendency to overpersonalize situations. 
D) They see incidental events as irrelevant to themselves.

Question 6

"Explanatory style" refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the complexity of one's persuasive arguments. 
B) one's habitual way of explaining life events. 
C) the pitch and speed with which one communicates. 
D) whether one relies primarily on reason or emotion when debating an issue. 
A) the complexity of one's persuasive arguments. 
B) one's habitual way of explaining life events. 
C) the pitch and speed with which one communicates. 
D) whether one relies primarily on reason or emotion when debating an issue.

Question 7

According to the self-presentation theory,we feel social anxiety when we are

Accepted Answer

A) motivated to impress others but have self-doubts. 
B) motivated and able to impress others but are ignored. 
C) under scrutiny. 
D) depressed. 
A) motivated to impress others but have self-doubts. 
B) motivated and able to impress others but are ignored. 
C) under scrutiny. 
D) depressed.

Question 8

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981)found that shy women who were bombarded with a loud noise and told that it would leave them _____ were _____ on subsequent interaction with a handsome male.

Accepted Answer

A) with a pounding heart; no longer so shy 
B) unaffected; no longer so shy 
C) with a pounding heart; even more shy 
D) unaffected; unaffected 
A) with a pounding heart; no longer so shy 
B) unaffected; no longer so shy 
C) with a pounding heart; even more shy 
D) unaffected; unaffected

Question 9

Which of the following theories most likely assumes that we will feel anxious when we are motivated to impress others but have self-doubts?

Accepted Answer

A) social learning theory 
B) self-presentation theory 
C) self-perception theory 
D) cognitive dissonance theory 
A) social learning theory 
B) self-presentation theory 
C) self-perception theory 
D) cognitive dissonance theory

Question 10

The tendency of mildly depressed people to make accurate rather than self-serving judgments,attributions,and predictions is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) the accurate explanatory style. 
B) the Barnum effect. 
C) realistic pessimism. 
D) depressive realism. 
A) the accurate explanatory style. 
B) the Barnum effect. 
C) realistic pessimism. 
D) depressive realism.

Question 11

College students who have depressed roommates tend to become

Accepted Answer

A) somewhat depressed themselves. 
B) more accepting of people suffering from psychological disorders. 
C) more optimistic about their own lives. 
D) more studious and committed to achieving academic success. 
A) somewhat depressed themselves. 
B) more accepting of people suffering from psychological disorders. 
C) more optimistic about their own lives. 
D) more studious and committed to achieving academic success.

Question 12

In the context of social anxiety,most people tend to be _____ when highly anxious.

Accepted Answer

A) unguarded 
B) disagreeable 
C) assertive 
D) self-protective 
A) unguarded 
B) disagreeable 
C) assertive 
D) self-protective

Question 13

Both assertiveness training and rational-emotive therapy are cited in the text as examples of psychotherapeutic techniques that

Accepted Answer

A) utilize social support to change behavior. 
B) utilize the attitudes-follow-behavior principle. 
C) encourage changes in explanatory style. 
D) use counterconditioning strategies. 
A) utilize social support to change behavior. 
B) utilize the attitudes-follow-behavior principle. 
C) encourage changes in explanatory style. 
D) use counterconditioning strategies.

Question 14

In the context of inducing internal change through external behavior,the rational-emotive psychotherapy technique

Accepted Answer

A) involves role-playing assertiveness in a supportive context. 
B) assumes that people generate their own emotions. 
C) involves expressing positive feelings in front of a group. 
D) assumes that a client's emotions will change after his or her behavior changes. 
A) involves role-playing assertiveness in a supportive context. 
B) assumes that people generate their own emotions. 
C) involves expressing positive feelings in front of a group. 
D) assumes that a client's emotions will change after his or her behavior changes.

Question 15

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or a setback illustrates the global quality of a depressed person's explanatory style?

Accepted Answer

A) "It is my fault." 
B) "It is going to last forever." 
C) "It is going to affect everything I do." 
D) "It is the same with everybody." 
A) "It is my fault." 
B) "It is going to last forever." 
C) "It is going to affect everything I do." 
D) "It is the same with everybody."

Question 16

Compared to nondepressed people,depressed people are more likely to attribute their failures and setbacks to causes that are

Accepted Answer

A) unstable. 
B) specific. 
C) internal. 
D) situational. 
A) unstable. 
B) specific. 
C) internal. 
D) situational.

Question 17

Strack and Coyne (1983)found that depressed people were realistic in thinking that other people

Accepted Answer

A) possessed more accurate self-concepts than they did. 
B) did not appreciate their behavior. 
C) would welcome their friendship and trust. 
D) were less influenced by fear of social disapproval than they were. 
A) possessed more accurate self-concepts than they did. 
B) did not appreciate their behavior. 
C) would welcome their friendship and trust. 
D) were less influenced by fear of social disapproval than they were.

Question 18

According to Cacioppo and Patrick (2008),loneliness can increase people's risk of all of the following

Accepted Answer

A) suicide. 
B) cognitive decline. 
C) heart disease. 
D) low self-efficacy. 
A) suicide. 
B) cognitive decline. 
C) heart disease. 
D) low self-efficacy.

Question 19

In the context of social cognition and anxiety,people are likely to feel most anxious when they are

Accepted Answer

A) unable to focus on their family. 
B) in structured situations. 
C) with lower-status people. 
D) in an evaluative context. 
A) unable to focus on their family. 
B) in structured situations. 
C) with lower-status people. 
D) in an evaluative context.

Question 20

Shy people tend to

Accepted Answer

A) make a good first impression. 
B) depersonalize social situations. 
C) become less well-liked over time. 
D) be self-conscious. 
A) make a good first impression. 
B) depersonalize social situations. 
C) become less well-liked over time. 
D) be self-conscious.

Exam 11: Clinical Therapy the Powers of Social Cognition

Chronically lonely people tend to blame _____ for their poor social relationships.

In a research study conducted by Colin Sacks and Daphne Bugental (1987),young women were asked to get acquainted with a stranger who sometimes acted cold and unfriendly,creating an awkward social situation.The results indicated that women with a pessimistic explanatory style reacted by

Which of the following statements is an example of one of the components of a pessimistic explanatory style?

According to the text,shyness is _____ characterized by self-consciousness and worry about what others think.

Identify a true statement about self-conscious people.

"Explanatory style" refers to

According to the self-presentation theory,we feel social anxiety when we are

Brodt and Zimbardo (1981)found that shy women who were bombarded with a loud noise and told that it would leave them _____ were _____ on subsequent interaction with a handsome male.

Which of the following theories most likely assumes that we will feel anxious when we are motivated to impress others but have self-doubts?

The tendency of mildly depressed people to make accurate rather than self-serving judgments,attributions,and predictions is referred to as

College students who have depressed roommates tend to become

In the context of social anxiety,most people tend to be _____ when highly anxious.

Both assertiveness training and rational-emotive therapy are cited in the text as examples of psychotherapeutic techniques that

In the context of inducing internal change through external behavior,the rational-emotive psychotherapy technique

Which of the following attributions regarding a failure or a setback illustrates the global quality of a depressed person's explanatory style?

Compared to nondepressed people,depressed people are more likely to attribute their failures and setbacks to causes that are

Strack and Coyne (1983)found that depressed people were realistic in thinking that other people

According to Cacioppo and Patrick (2008),loneliness can increase people's risk of all of the following

In the context of social cognition and anxiety,people are likely to feel most anxious when they are

Shy people tend to

Doing Social Psychology

Did You Know It All Along

Self-Concept Who Am I

Self-Serving Bias

Narcissism and the Limits of Self-Esteem

The Fundamental Attribution Error

The Powers and Perils of Intuition

Reasons for Unreason

Behavior and Belief

Clinical Intuition Key

Human Nature and Cultural Diversity

Gender,genes,and Culture

How Nice People Get Corrupted

Two Routes to Persuasion

Itrination and Inoculation

The Mere Presence of Others

Many Hands Make Diminished Responsibility

Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

How Do Groups Intensify Decisions

Power to the Person

The Reach of Prejudice

The Roots of Prejudice

The Nature and Nurture of Aggression

Do the Media Influence Social Behavior

Who Likes Whom

The Ups and Downs of Love

Causes of Conflict

Blessed Are the Peacemakers

When Do People Help

Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future

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Brodt and Zimbardo (1981)found that shy women who were bombarded with a loud noise and told that it would leave them _ were _ on subsequent interaction with a handsome male.