Question 1

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim,especially voluntarily,leads one to

Accepted Answer

A) feel increasingly guilty. 
B) disparage the victim to justify the behavior. 
C) act more kindly toward others. 
D) become more aggressive toward others. 
A) feel increasingly guilty. 
B) disparage the victim to justify the behavior. 
C) act more kindly toward others. 
D) become more aggressive toward others. B

Question 2

Following the U.S.Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools,the percentage of European Americans favoring integrated schools more than doubled.This is an example of how

Accepted Answer

A) attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined. 
B) attitudes influence behavior when they are potent. 
C) moral attitudes feed moral actions. 
D) moral actions feed moral attitudes. 
A) attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined. 
B) attitudes influence behavior when they are potent. 
C) moral attitudes feed moral actions. 
D) moral actions feed moral attitudes. D

Question 3

_____ are beliefs and feelings that can influence our reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) Attitudes 
B) Attributions 
C) Aptitudes 
D) Prejudices 
A) Attitudes 
B) Attributions 
C) Aptitudes 
D) Prejudices A

Question 4

The cognitive dissonance theory was formulated by

Accepted Answer

A) James Laird. 
B) William James. 
C) Leon Festinger. 
D) Daryl Bem. 
A) James Laird. 
B) William James. 
C) Leon Festinger. 
D) Daryl Bem.

Question 5

Although you were opposed to the war with Iraq,your attitude changed when you were required to report on the justifications for it at your job as a newspaper journalist.Which theory best explains the change in your attitude?

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation theory 
B) self-consistency theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory 
A) self-presentation theory 
B) self-consistency theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory

Question 6

In Freedman's (1965)study,children were given a mild or severe threat for playing with a toy.Two weeks later,when the children were given the option to play with the toy again,_____ of the children in the mild threat condition played with the toy.

Accepted Answer

A) all 
B) one-third 
C) two-third 
D) none 
A) all 
B) one-third 
C) two-third 
D) none

Question 7

When we are unsure of our attitudes,we infer them the same way someone else would who was observing us,that is,we look at our behavior.Which theory does this describe?

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation theory 
B) self-consistency theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory 
A) self-presentation theory 
B) self-consistency theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory

Question 8

Historian Richard Grunberger (1971)reported that for people who had their doubts about Hitler,the German greeting "Heil Hitler" was a powerful conditioning device.Once the people decided to intone it as an outward token of conformity,they experienced discomfort at the contradiction between their words and their feelings.Prevented from saying what they believed,they consciously made themselves believe what they said.This is a classic example of the _____ technique.

Accepted Answer

A) low-ball 
B) bait-and-switch 
C) salami-slice 
D) foot-in-the-door 
A) low-ball 
B) bait-and-switch 
C) salami-slice 
D) foot-in-the-door

Question 9

As noted in the textbook,at the beginning of the Iraq war,only 38 percent of Americans said the war was justified even if Iraq did not have weapons of mass destruction.When no such weapons were found after the war,58 percent of Americans then supported the war.Myers explains this revision of people's memories of the government's rationale for going to war as an example of

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) self-justification. 
D) self-perception. 
A) self-presentation. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) self-justification. 
D) self-perception.

Question 10

If the number of people in favor of gay and lesbian marriages increases after a law is passed,this would be an example of how

Accepted Answer

A) attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined. 
B) attitudes influence behavior when they are potent. 
C) moral attitudes feed moral actions. 
D) moral actions feed moral attitudes. 
A) attitudes influence behavior when they are specific to the behavior examined. 
B) attitudes influence behavior when they are potent. 
C) moral attitudes feed moral actions. 
D) moral actions feed moral attitudes.

Question 11

The effect of _____ on _____ was vividly demonstrated in Zimbardo's (1971)classic study of a simulated prison.

Accepted Answer

A) attitudes; behaviors 
B) behaviors; attitudes 
C) roles; attitudes 
D) attitudes; roles 
A) attitudes; behaviors 
B) behaviors; attitudes 
C) roles; attitudes 
D) attitudes; roles

Question 12

Research revealed that the prisoners of war (POWs)of the Korean War were brainwashed through the tactic of

Accepted Answer

A) torture and punishment. 
B) gradually escalating demands,or "start small and build." 
C) attitude adjustment. 
D) confidence-building. 
A) torture and punishment. 
B) gradually escalating demands,or "start small and build." 
C) attitude adjustment. 
D) confidence-building.

Question 13

The tactic used for the socialization of terrorists and torturers where trivial requests are gradually worked up to more significant demands is known as the _____ technique.

Accepted Answer

A) foot-in-the-door 
B) salami-slice 
C) bait-and-switch 
D) low-ball 
A) foot-in-the-door 
B) salami-slice 
C) bait-and-switch 
D) low-ball

Question 14

Attitudes include all of the following

Accepted Answer

A) feelings. 
B) behavioral tendencies or actions. 
C) beliefs or thoughts. 
D) aptitudes. 
A) feelings. 
B) behavioral tendencies or actions. 
C) beliefs or thoughts. 
D) aptitudes.

Question 15

Sarah has always strongly believed that it is wrong to steal,but after she steals a bottle of nail polish from the drug store,her attitude toward stealing becomes significantly less harsh.Which theory best accounts for the change in her attitude?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive dissonance theory 
B) self-perception theory 
C) reinforcement theory 
D) role-playing theory 
A) cognitive dissonance theory 
B) self-perception theory 
C) reinforcement theory 
D) role-playing theory

Question 16

Edgar Schein (1956)interviewed many of the prisoners of war (POWs)and reported that the captors' methods included a gradual escalation of demands.The captors always started with trivial requests and gradually worked up to more significant ones.This technique is known as the _____ technique.

Accepted Answer

A) bait-and-switch 
B) salami-slice 
C) foot-in-the-door 
D) low-ball 
A) bait-and-switch 
B) salami-slice 
C) foot-in-the-door 
D) low-ball

Question 17

Which theory best explains why 40 percent of smokers in the United States judge smoking as not very harmful?

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation theory 
B) cognitive dissonance theory 
C) insufficient justification theory 
D) self-perception theory 
A) self-presentation theory 
B) cognitive dissonance theory 
C) insufficient justification theory 
D) self-perception theory

Question 18

When induced to give spoken or written support to something they doubt,without bribery or coercion,people will

Accepted Answer

A) make excuses for their deceit. 
B) blame their deceit on the inducement. 
C) deny that they did it. 
D) begin to believe what they are saying. 
A) make excuses for their deceit. 
B) blame their deceit on the inducement. 
C) deny that they did it. 
D) begin to believe what they are saying.

Question 19

Research in France found that having people first sign a petition against landmines increased the likelihood that Internet users would contribute to a fund for victims of landmines.This is an example of the _____ phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A) foot-in-the-door 
B) low-ball 
C) compliance 
D) conformity 
A) foot-in-the-door 
B) low-ball 
C) compliance 
D) conformity

Question 20

Research indicates that if you wish to love someone more,you should

Accepted Answer

A) let them do favors for you. 
B) ignore their negative traits. 
C) act as if you do. 
D) focus on their positive traits. 
A) let them do favors for you. 
B) ignore their negative traits. 
C) act as if you do. 
D) focus on their positive traits.

Exam 9: Behavior and Belief

Research indicates that harming an innocent victim,especially voluntarily,leads one to

Following the U.S.Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools,the percentage of European Americans favoring integrated schools more than doubled.This is an example of how

_____ are beliefs and feelings that can influence our reactions.

The cognitive dissonance theory was formulated by

Although you were opposed to the war with Iraq,your attitude changed when you were required to report on the justifications for it at your job as a newspaper journalist.Which theory best explains the change in your attitude?

In Freedman's (1965)study,children were given a mild or severe threat for playing with a toy.Two weeks later,when the children were given the option to play with the toy again,_____ of the children in the mild threat condition played with the toy.

When we are unsure of our attitudes,we infer them the same way someone else would who was observing us,that is,we look at our behavior.Which theory does this describe?

If the number of people in favor of gay and lesbian marriages increases after a law is passed,this would be an example of how

The effect of _____ on _____ was vividly demonstrated in Zimbardo's (1971)classic study of a simulated prison.

Research revealed that the prisoners of war (POWs)of the Korean War were brainwashed through the tactic of

The tactic used for the socialization of terrorists and torturers where trivial requests are gradually worked up to more significant demands is known as the _____ technique.

Attitudes include all of the following

Sarah has always strongly believed that it is wrong to steal,but after she steals a bottle of nail polish from the drug store,her attitude toward stealing becomes significantly less harsh.Which theory best accounts for the change in her attitude?

Edgar Schein (1956)interviewed many of the prisoners of war (POWs)and reported that the captors' methods included a gradual escalation of demands.The captors always started with trivial requests and gradually worked up to more significant ones.This technique is known as the _____ technique.

Which theory best explains why 40 percent of smokers in the United States judge smoking as not very harmful?

When induced to give spoken or written support to something they doubt,without bribery or coercion,people will

Research in France found that having people first sign a petition against landmines increased the likelihood that Internet users would contribute to a fund for victims of landmines.This is an example of the _____ phenomenon.

Research indicates that if you wish to love someone more,you should

Doing Social Psychology

Did You Know It All Along

Self-Concept Who Am I

Self-Serving Bias

Narcissism and the Limits of Self-Esteem

The Fundamental Attribution Error

The Powers and Perils of Intuition

Reasons for Unreason

Clinical Intuition Key

Clinical Therapy the Powers of Social Cognition

Human Nature and Cultural Diversity

Gender,genes,and Culture

How Nice People Get Corrupted

Two Routes to Persuasion

Itrination and Inoculation

The Mere Presence of Others

Many Hands Make Diminished Responsibility

Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone

How Do Groups Intensify Decisions

Power to the Person

The Reach of Prejudice

The Roots of Prejudice

The Nature and Nurture of Aggression

Do the Media Influence Social Behavior

Who Likes Whom

The Ups and Downs of Love

Causes of Conflict

Blessed Are the Peacemakers

When Do People Help

Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future

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The effect of _ on _ was vividly demonstrated in Zimbardo's (1971)classic study of a simulated prison.