Question 1

R2 is a post hoc test that tells us which means are different.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If between-groups variance is much larger than within-groups variance, we infer that the sample means are _____ one another, and we _____ the null hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  different from; reject 
B)  similar to; fail to reject 
C)  different from; fail to reject 
D)  similar to; reject 
A)  different from; reject 
B)  similar to; fail to reject 
C)  different from; fail to reject 
D)  similar to; reject

Question 3

Bernard thinks some college students spend more money during the semester than others, and that this difference is related to the students' majors.He wants to compare the total amount of money spent at the end of one semester by American college students who major in psychology to that spent by history or physics majors.What is the second step Bernard should follow for testing his hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identify population 1 as all psychology majors, population 2 as all history majors, and population 3 as all physics majors. 
B)  State the null hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics do not spend the same amount of money during one semester on average.State the research hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology spend about the same amount of money during one semester on average as do history and physics majors. 
C)  State the null hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics spend about the same amount of money during one semester on average.State the research hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics do not spend the same amount of money during one semester on average. 
D)  Use the F distribution with 2 and 45 degrees of freedom. 
A)  Identify population 1 as all psychology majors, population 2 as all history majors, and population 3 as all physics majors. 
B)  State the null hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics do not spend the same amount of money during one semester on average.State the research hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology spend about the same amount of money during one semester on average as do history and physics majors. 
C)  State the null hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics spend about the same amount of money during one semester on average.State the research hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics do not spend the same amount of money during one semester on average. 
D)  Use the F distribution with 2 and 45 degrees of freedom.

Question 4

When researchers use ANOVAs to report results of case studies that include only one participant, they typically violate the assumption of random selection.How does this action affect the conclusions of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identify population 1 as all psychology majors, population 2 as all history majors, and population 3 as all physics majors. 
B)  State the null hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics do not spend the same amount of money during one semester on average.State the research hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology spend about the same amount of money during one semester on average as do history and physics majors. 
C)  State the null hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics spend about the same amount of money during one semester on average.State the research hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics do not spend the same amount of money during one semester on average. 
D)  Use the F distribution with 2 and 45 degrees of freedom. 
A)  Identify population 1 as all psychology majors, population 2 as all history majors, and population 3 as all physics majors. 
B)  State the null hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics do not spend the same amount of money during one semester on average.State the research hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology spend about the same amount of money during one semester on average as do history and physics majors. 
C)  State the null hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics spend about the same amount of money during one semester on average.State the research hypothesis as college students majoring in psychology, history, or physics do not spend the same amount of money during one semester on average. 
D)  Use the F distribution with 2 and 45 degrees of freedom.

Question 5

If the p level is.0.05 and the null hypothesis is true, the probability of making a Type I error when performing a single hypothesis test is _____, but if three hypothesis tests are performed, then the probability of NOT making a Type I error is _____, which means that the probability of making a Type I error at least once in these three hypothesis tests is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.05; 0.857; 0.143 
B)  0.95; 0.85; 0.15 
C)  0.05; 0.95; 0.15 
D)  0.00; 0.95; 0.85 
A)  0.05; 0.857; 0.143 
B)  0.95; 0.85; 0.15 
C)  0.05; 0.95; 0.15 
D)  0.00; 0.95; 0.85

Question 6

R2 is the proportion of variance in the independent variable accounted for by the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Changes in within-groups variance result in changes in the _____ of the F ratio.

Accepted Answer

A)  denominator 
B)  numerator 
C)  sign 
D)  significance 
A)  denominator 
B)  numerator 
C)  sign 
D)  significance

Question 8

A researcher compares bone density in retired professional athletes across three different sports.He computes a series of three t tests to examine all between-group differences, running each test with a p level of 0.01.What is the probability of a Type I error when making these comparisons?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.03 or a 3 percent chance 
B)  0.01 or a 1 percent chance 
C)  0.000001 chance, so small it is not cause for concern 
D)  0.9703 or a 97 percent chance 
A)  0.03 or a 3 percent chance 
B)  0.01 or a 1 percent chance 
C)  0.000001 chance, so small it is not cause for concern 
D)  0.9703 or a 97 percent chance

Question 9

In Tukey's HSD post hoc test, the HSD stands for:

Accepted Answer

A)  honorary standardized description. 
B)  honorary standardized difference. 
C)  honestly significant difference. 
D)  honestly standardized difference. 
A)  honorary standardized description. 
B)  honorary standardized difference. 
C)  honestly significant difference. 
D)  honestly standardized difference.

Question 10

When the F statistic is less than the critical cutoff value, additional follow-up analyses are needed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The F ratio is calculated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  dividing a measure of within-groups variability by a measure of between-groups variability. 
B)  averaging the results from the t tests for all possible two-group comparisons. 
C)  dividing a measure of between-groups variability by a measure of within-groups variability. 
D)  squaring all the scores. 
A)  dividing a measure of within-groups variability by a measure of between-groups variability. 
B)  averaging the results from the t tests for all possible two-group comparisons. 
C)  dividing a measure of between-groups variability by a measure of within-groups variability. 
D)  squaring all the scores.

Question 12

The Bonferroni is a less conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A researcher found a significant result using a one-way ANOVA to compare the mean of four age groups (3 years old, 5 years old, 8 years old, and 12 years old) on a test of language ability.What specific conclusions can the researcher draw from this result?

Accepted Answer

A)  The 12-year-olds scored higher on a test of language ability than the 3-, 5-, and 8-year-olds did. 
B)  Language ability of 3-, 5-, 8-, and 12-year-olds was not the same. 
C)  Language ability of 3-, 5-, 8-, and 12-year-olds did not differ. 
D)  On a test of language ability, 3-year-olds scored lower than 5-, 8-, and 12-year-olds did. 
A)  The 12-year-olds scored higher on a test of language ability than the 3-, 5-, and 8-year-olds did. 
B)  Language ability of 3-, 5-, 8-, and 12-year-olds was not the same. 
C)  Language ability of 3-, 5-, 8-, and 12-year-olds did not differ. 
D)  On a test of language ability, 3-year-olds scored lower than 5-, 8-, and 12-year-olds did.

Question 14

Clara works for an advertising firm and needs to understand how an individual's levels of experience with cooking (novice, intermediate, or expert) affect how he or she will rate a new group of cookware advertisements.What type of design would be best for Clara to use?

Accepted Answer

A)  z test 
B)  t test 
C)  one-way between-groups ANOVA 
D)  one-way within-groups ANOVA 
A)  z test 
B)  t test 
C)  one-way between-groups ANOVA 
D)  one-way within-groups ANOVA

Question 15

Given a scale dependent variable and a nominal independent variable with three or more levels, a(n) _____ could be used to analyze the data.

Accepted Answer

A)  PRE test 
B)  z test 
C)  t test 
D)  ANOVA 
A)  PRE test 
B)  z test 
C)  t test 
D)  ANOVA

Question 16

In the Tukey test, HSD stands for highly significant differences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Violation of the assumption that samples are randomly selected affects researchers' ability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  generalize the results of a study beyond the sample. 
B)  differentiate between-groups variance and within-groups variance. 
C)  meet the homogeneity of variance assumption. 
D)  reject the null hypothesis. 
A)  generalize the results of a study beyond the sample. 
B)  differentiate between-groups variance and within-groups variance. 
C)  meet the homogeneity of variance assumption. 
D)  reject the null hypothesis.

Question 18

According to Cohen's conventions, an R2 of 0.05 is considered to be a(n) _____ effect size.

Accepted Answer

A)  small 
B)  medium 
C)  large 
D)  erroneous 
A)  small 
B)  medium 
C)  large 
D)  erroneous

Question 19

Which statement is NOT an assumption of an ANOVA?

Accepted Answer

A)  The samples should be randomly selected. 
B)  The samples should be from a population with a known mean and standard deviation. 
C)  The samples should be from a normally distributed population. 
D)  The samples should be from populations with approximately the same variance. 
A)  The samples should be randomly selected. 
B)  The samples should be from a population with a known mean and standard deviation. 
C)  The samples should be from a normally distributed population. 
D)  The samples should be from populations with approximately the same variance.

Question 20

Ana is comparing spatial ability scores for four groups.She finds that the F statistic for her test is 4.01, and the cutoff value she identified prior to her analysis was 3.45.Should Ana reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis and what, if any, other steps does she need to take?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis since her F statistic is below the cutoff, and perform a post hoc test to determine between which groups the significant difference lies. 
B)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis since her F statistic is below the cutoff, and write up the results with no further testing. 
C)  Reject the null hypothesis since her F statistic is beyond the cutoff, and write up the results with no further testing. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis since her F statistic is beyond the cutoff, and perform a post hoc test to determine between which groups the significant difference occurs. 
A)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis since her F statistic is below the cutoff, and perform a post hoc test to determine between which groups the significant difference lies. 
B)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis since her F statistic is below the cutoff, and write up the results with no further testing. 
C)  Reject the null hypothesis since her F statistic is beyond the cutoff, and write up the results with no further testing. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis since her F statistic is beyond the cutoff, and perform a post hoc test to determine between which groups the significant difference occurs.

R² is a post hoc test that tells us which means are different.

If between-groups variance is much larger than within-groups variance, we infer that the sample means are _ one another, and we _ the null hypothesis.

When researchers use ANOVAs to report results of case studies that include only one participant, they typically violate the assumption of random selection.How does this action affect the conclusions of the study?

R² is the proportion of variance in the independent variable accounted for by the dependent variable.

Changes in within-groups variance result in changes in the _____ of the F ratio.

A researcher compares bone density in retired professional athletes across three different sports.He computes a series of three t tests to examine all between-group differences, running each test with a p level of 0.01.What is the probability of a Type I error when making these comparisons?

In Tukey's HSD post hoc test, the HSD stands for:

When the F statistic is less than the critical cutoff value, additional follow-up analyses are needed.

The F ratio is calculated by:

The Bonferroni is a less conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

A researcher found a significant result using a one-way ANOVA to compare the mean of four age groups (3 years old, 5 years old, 8 years old, and 12 years old) on a test of language ability.What specific conclusions can the researcher draw from this result?

Clara works for an advertising firm and needs to understand how an individual's levels of experience with cooking (novice, intermediate, or expert) affect how he or she will rate a new group of cookware advertisements.What type of design would be best for Clara to use?

Given a scale dependent variable and a nominal independent variable with three or more levels, a(n) _____ could be used to analyze the data.

In the Tukey test, HSD stands for highly significant differences.

Violation of the assumption that samples are randomly selected affects researchers' ability to:

According to Cohen's conventions, an R² of 0.05 is considered to be a(n) _____ effect size.

Which statement is NOT an assumption of an ANOVA?

Ana is comparing spatial ability scores for four groups.She finds that the F statistic for her test is 4.01, and the cutoff value she identified prior to her analysis was 3.45.Should Ana reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis and what, if any, other steps does she need to take?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

Exam 12: One-Way Between-Groups Anova

R2 is a post hoc test that tells us which means are different.

If between-groups variance is much larger than within-groups variance, we infer that the sample means are _____ one another, and we _____ the null hypothesis.

When researchers use ANOVAs to report results of case studies that include only one participant, they typically violate the assumption of random selection.How does this action affect the conclusions of the study?

R2 is the proportion of variance in the independent variable accounted for by the dependent variable.

Changes in within-groups variance result in changes in the _____ of the F ratio.

A researcher compares bone density in retired professional athletes across three different sports.He computes a series of three t tests to examine all between-group differences, running each test with a p level of 0.01.What is the probability of a Type I error when making these comparisons?

In Tukey's HSD post hoc test, the HSD stands for:

When the F statistic is less than the critical cutoff value, additional follow-up analyses are needed.

The F ratio is calculated by:

The Bonferroni is a less conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

A researcher found a significant result using a one-way ANOVA to compare the mean of four age groups (3 years old, 5 years old, 8 years old, and 12 years old) on a test of language ability.What specific conclusions can the researcher draw from this result?

Clara works for an advertising firm and needs to understand how an individual's levels of experience with cooking (novice, intermediate, or expert) affect how he or she will rate a new group of cookware advertisements.What type of design would be best for Clara to use?

Given a scale dependent variable and a nominal independent variable with three or more levels, a(n) _____ could be used to analyze the data.

In the Tukey test, HSD stands for highly significant differences.

Violation of the assumption that samples are randomly selected affects researchers' ability to:

According to Cohen's conventions, an R2 of 0.05 is considered to be a(n) _____ effect size.

Which statement is NOT an assumption of an ANOVA?

Ana is comparing spatial ability scores for four groups.She finds that the F statistic for her test is 4.01, and the cutoff value she identified prior to her analysis was 3.45.Should Ana reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis and what, if any, other steps does she need to take?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

R² is a post hoc test that tells us which means are different.

If between-groups variance is much larger than within-groups variance, we infer that the sample means are _ one another, and we _ the null hypothesis.

R² is the proportion of variance in the independent variable accounted for by the dependent variable.

According to Cohen's conventions, an R² of 0.05 is considered to be a(n) _____ effect size.