Question 1

When the null hypothesis is true, the F ratio for analysis of variance is expected, on average, to be 1.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The z, t, and F distributions have something in common-the numerator of the test statistic:

Accepted Answer

A)  contains a measure of difference among group means. 
B)  contains a measure of difference within the various groups. 
C)  is a squared number. 
D)  represents what would be expected to happen by chance. 
A)  contains a measure of difference among group means. 
B)  contains a measure of difference within the various groups. 
C)  is a squared number. 
D)  represents what would be expected to happen by chance.

Question 3

Lucille is interested in the effects of alcohol consumption on style of play while playing the video game Sims.She asks a group of 15 college students to play Sims under one of the following conditions: no alcohol, 1 ounce of alcohol, 2 ounces of alcohol, or 3 ounces of alcohol.Lucille measures on a scale of 1 to 10 how prosocial the students' style of play is.After collecting the data, Lucille performs an ANOVA and finds that she can reject the null hypothesis.On this basis, what does Lucille know?

Accepted Answer

A)  She knows that greater levels of alcohol consumption are associated with a more prosocial style of play. 
B)  She knows that there is a difference among the groups somewhere, but she does not know where. 
C)  She knows that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with prosocial play, but that greater alcohol consumption is associated with an antisocial style of play. 
D)  She knows that drinking any amount of alcohol affects the style of play. 
A)  She knows that greater levels of alcohol consumption are associated with a more prosocial style of play. 
B)  She knows that there is a difference among the groups somewhere, but she does not know where. 
C)  She knows that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with prosocial play, but that greater alcohol consumption is associated with an antisocial style of play. 
D)  She knows that drinking any amount of alcohol affects the style of play.

Question 4

As the number of t tests increases, the risk of a Type I error decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

There is a different F distribution for every:

Accepted Answer

A)  sample size. 
B)  level of the independent variable. 
C)  combination of sample size and number of samples. 
D)  within-groups degrees of freedom. 
A)  sample size. 
B)  level of the independent variable. 
C)  combination of sample size and number of samples. 
D)  within-groups degrees of freedom.

Question 6

In which situation would it be necessary to use a between-groups ANOVA?

Accepted Answer

A)  A researcher is interested in a longitudinal study that follows a group of kindergarten children through high school and assesses their body mass index at four time points. 
B)  A researcher classifies a group of college students on the basis of their political leanings as liberal, conservative, libertarian, or green. 
C)  A researcher is interested in the effects of distraction on driving performance and randomly assigns participants to one of three distraction groups. 
D)  A researcher is interested in whether a sensitivity training class changes attitudes toward minority populations.The researcher assesses these attitudes before and after the sensitivity training class. 
A)  A researcher is interested in a longitudinal study that follows a group of kindergarten children through high school and assesses their body mass index at four time points. 
B)  A researcher classifies a group of college students on the basis of their political leanings as liberal, conservative, libertarian, or green. 
C)  A researcher is interested in the effects of distraction on driving performance and randomly assigns participants to one of three distraction groups. 
D)  A researcher is interested in whether a sensitivity training class changes attitudes toward minority populations.The researcher assesses these attitudes before and after the sensitivity training class.

Question 7

Within-groups degrees of freedom is calculated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  subtracting 1 from the total number of groups in the study. 
B)  multiplying the number of subjects by the number of conditions in the study and then subtracting 1. 
C)  subtracting 1 from the total number of subjects in the study. 
D)  for each condition, subtracting 1 from the number of subjects in that group and then adding together the totals for all the groups. 
A)  subtracting 1 from the total number of groups in the study. 
B)  multiplying the number of subjects by the number of conditions in the study and then subtracting 1. 
C)  subtracting 1 from the total number of subjects in the study. 
D)  for each condition, subtracting 1 from the number of subjects in that group and then adding together the totals for all the groups.

Question 8

The values observed on the F table under two samples is the square of those on the t table.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A one-way ANOVA includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  one nominal dependent variable with more than two levels and a scale independent variable. 
B)  one nominal independent variable with more than two levels and a scale dependent variable. 
C)  one nominal dependent variable with more than three levels and a scale independent variable. 
D)  one nominal independent variable with more than three levels and a scale dependent variable. 
A)  one nominal dependent variable with more than two levels and a scale independent variable. 
B)  one nominal independent variable with more than two levels and a scale dependent variable. 
C)  one nominal dependent variable with more than three levels and a scale independent variable. 
D)  one nominal independent variable with more than three levels and a scale dependent variable.

Question 10

Does the F distribution take into account individual differences when comparing sample means?

Accepted Answer

A)  No; we should be careful not to generalize the results because the error of the F statistic is very large. 
B)  No; that is why we should only rarely use the F distribution and instead run multiple t tests. 
C)  Yes; as the variability within the individual samples decreases, the F statistic becomes larger since the distributions are not overlapping very much. 
D)  Yes; as the variability within the individual samples decreases, the F statistic becomes smaller and less confident. 
A)  No; we should be careful not to generalize the results because the error of the F statistic is very large. 
B)  No; that is why we should only rarely use the F distribution and instead run multiple t tests. 
C)  Yes; as the variability within the individual samples decreases, the F statistic becomes larger since the distributions are not overlapping very much. 
D)  Yes; as the variability within the individual samples decreases, the F statistic becomes smaller and less confident.

Question 11

F is obtained by dividing _____ by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  SSbetween; dfbetween 
B)  MSbetween; MSwithin 
C)  dfbetween; SSbetween 
D)  SSbetween; SSwithin 
A)  SSbetween; dfbetween 
B)  MSbetween; MSwithin 
C)  dfbetween; SSbetween 
D)  SSbetween; SSwithin

Question 12

With two groups, the square root of F is equal to:

Accepted Answer

A)  t. 
B)  0.0. 
C)  1.0. 
D)  2t. 
A)  t. 
B)  0.0. 
C)  1.0. 
D)  2t.

Question 13

If an F statistic is negative, which of these is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The within-groups variance exceeds the between-groups variance. 
B)  The difference among the group means is greater than what would have occurred by chance. 
C)  There has been a calculation error. 
D)  The difference among the group means is less than what would have occurred by chance. 
A)  The within-groups variance exceeds the between-groups variance. 
B)  The difference among the group means is greater than what would have occurred by chance. 
C)  There has been a calculation error. 
D)  The difference among the group means is less than what would have occurred by chance.

Question 14

A researcher rejects the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a difference between means that we expected just by chance. 
B)  There is a difference between means that is larger than we would predict by chance. 
C)  There is no difference between means, which is what we would expect by chance. 
D)  There is no difference between means. 
A)  There is a difference between means that we expected just by chance. 
B)  There is a difference between means that is larger than we would predict by chance. 
C)  There is no difference between means, which is what we would expect by chance. 
D)  There is no difference between means.

Question 15

If the p level is.0.05 and the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of NOT making a Type I error (i.e., one will correctly fail to reject the null hypothesis)?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.05 
B)  0.90 
C)  0.95 
D)  0.00 
A)  0.05 
B)  0.90 
C)  0.95 
D)  0.00

Question 16

The F statistic increases when:

Accepted Answer

A)  within-groups variance decreases. 
B)  between-groups variance decreases. 
C)  between-groups variance increases. 
D)  within-groups variance decreases and between-groups variance increases. 
A)  within-groups variance decreases. 
B)  between-groups variance decreases. 
C)  between-groups variance increases. 
D)  within-groups variance decreases and between-groups variance increases.

Question 17

When computing Tukey HSD with samples of different sizes, what additional step must be performed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calculate a weighted sample size called a harmonic mean. 
B)  Calculate HSD for each pair of means. 
C)  Compare the means of all groups using Bonferroni first. 
D)  Compute R2. 
A)  Calculate a weighted sample size called a harmonic mean. 
B)  Calculate HSD for each pair of means. 
C)  Compare the means of all groups using Bonferroni first. 
D)  Compute R2.

Question 18

MSwithin is obtained by dividing:

Accepted Answer

A)  SSbetween by dfbetween. 
B)  SSbetween by SSwithin. 
C)  dfbetween by SSwithin. 
D)  SSwithin by dfwithin. 
A)  SSbetween by dfbetween. 
B)  SSbetween by SSwithin. 
C)  dfbetween by SSwithin. 
D)  SSwithin by dfwithin.

Question 19

A measure of the differences among group means is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the z score. 
B)  between-groups variance. 
C)  within-groups variance. 
D)  the proportionate reduction in error. 
A)  the z score. 
B)  between-groups variance. 
C)  within-groups variance. 
D)  the proportionate reduction in error.

Question 20

The values observed on the F table under two samples are the same as those on the t table.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

When the null hypothesis is true, the F ratio for analysis of variance is expected, on average, to be 1.

The z, t, and F distributions have something in common-the numerator of the test statistic:

As the number of t tests increases, the risk of a Type I error decreases.

There is a different F distribution for every:

In which situation would it be necessary to use a between-groups ANOVA?

Within-groups degrees of freedom is calculated by:

The values observed on the F table under two samples is the square of those on the t table.

A one-way ANOVA includes:

Does the F distribution take into account individual differences when comparing sample means?

F is obtained by dividing _ by _.

With two groups, the square root of F is equal to:

If an F statistic is negative, which of these is true?

A researcher rejects the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

If the p level is.0.05 and the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of NOT making a Type I error (i.e., one will correctly fail to reject the null hypothesis)?

The F statistic increases when:

When computing Tukey HSD with samples of different sizes, what additional step must be performed?

MS_within is obtained by dividing:

A measure of the differences among group means is:

The values observed on the F table under two samples are the same as those on the t table.

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

Exam 12: One-Way Between-Groups Anova

When the null hypothesis is true, the F ratio for analysis of variance is expected, on average, to be 1.

The z, t, and F distributions have something in common-the numerator of the test statistic:

As the number of t tests increases, the risk of a Type I error decreases.

There is a different F distribution for every:

In which situation would it be necessary to use a between-groups ANOVA?

Within-groups degrees of freedom is calculated by:

The values observed on the F table under two samples is the square of those on the t table.

A one-way ANOVA includes:

Does the F distribution take into account individual differences when comparing sample means?

F is obtained by dividing _____ by _____.

With two groups, the square root of F is equal to:

If an F statistic is negative, which of these is true?

A researcher rejects the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

If the p level is.0.05 and the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of NOT making a Type I error (i.e., one will correctly fail to reject the null hypothesis)?

The F statistic increases when:

When computing Tukey HSD with samples of different sizes, what additional step must be performed?

MSwithin is obtained by dividing:

A measure of the differences among group means is:

The values observed on the F table under two samples are the same as those on the t table.

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

F is obtained by dividing _ by _.

MS_within is obtained by dividing: