Question 1

In a study in which researcher presented a series of hypothetical situations to boys, those with a history of reactive aggression

Accepted Answer

A)  were more likely to perceive actions as intentional or hostile. 
B)  suppressed their tendency toward aggression. 
C)  learned how to cope with the feelings of hostility. 
D)  hardly ever had aggressive thoughts related to the situations. 
A)  were more likely to perceive actions as intentional or hostile. 
B)  suppressed their tendency toward aggression. 
C)  learned how to cope with the feelings of hostility. 
D)  hardly ever had aggressive thoughts related to the situations.

Question 2

People processing information through a negative schema have greater access to depressing memories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The way people process information in threatening situations begins with a social encounter and then depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the way other people are acting in the situation. 
B)  the way the situation is appraised in awareness. 
C)  the kind of situation people are in. 
D)  whether or not people are self-actualized. 
A)  the way other people are acting in the situation. 
B)  the way the situation is appraised in awareness. 
C)  the kind of situation people are in. 
D)  whether or not people are self-actualized.

Question 4

Discuss the general aggression model proposed by cognitive researchers. What are the components? Give an example of your own of an aggressive response you have recently made and provide an explanation from the model, including all the components.

Accepted Answer

The general aggression model proposed by

Question 5

Which of the following is a component of the depressive cognitive triad?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interpreting ongoing experiences in a negative light. 
B)  Pessimistic thoughts about the future. 
C)  Negative thoughts about oneself. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Interpreting ongoing experiences in a negative light. 
B)  Pessimistic thoughts about the future. 
C)  Negative thoughts about oneself. 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

You read about cognitive research that investigated word memory in depressed people between depression-associated words and nondepression-associated words. Which of the following was not a group that recalled depression-associated words better than normal people?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clinically depressed patients 
B)  Mildly depressed college students 
C)  Nondepressed patients 
D)  Students simply asked to think about some sad events 
A)  Clinically depressed patients 
B)  Mildly depressed college students 
C)  Nondepressed patients 
D)  Students simply asked to think about some sad events

Question 7

Aggressive scripts that have been practiced are the most likely to be ignored first.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is true about aggressive scripts?

Accepted Answer

A)  They represent ways to act that have been learned. 
B)  We learn them by watching aggressive models. 
C)  When they have been practiced, they are more likely to be shown. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  They represent ways to act that have been learned. 
B)  We learn them by watching aggressive models. 
C)  When they have been practiced, they are more likely to be shown. 
D)  all of the above

Question 9

Obtaining a complete understanding of aggressive behavior requires that

Accepted Answer

A)  we focus on the unconscious motives behind our aggressions. 
B)  we examine aggression from a variety of theoretical perspectives. 
C)  we only examine the evolutionary basis of aggression. 
D)  we focus our attention on the cognitions involved in aggressive choices. 
A)  we focus on the unconscious motives behind our aggressions. 
B)  we examine aggression from a variety of theoretical perspectives. 
C)  we only examine the evolutionary basis of aggression. 
D)  we focus our attention on the cognitions involved in aggressive choices.

Question 10

Depressed and nondepressed participants in one study were given a list of words to recall. The researchers found

Accepted Answer

A)  the nondepressed participants recalled more words. 
B)  the depressed participants recalled more words. 
C)  the depressed participants recalled more depression-related words, but the nondepressed participants recalled more of the other words. 
D)  differences between the two groups of participants only when the depressed participants knew what the researchers were looking for. 
A)  the nondepressed participants recalled more words. 
B)  the depressed participants recalled more words. 
C)  the depressed participants recalled more depression-related words, but the nondepressed participants recalled more of the other words. 
D)  differences between the two groups of participants only when the depressed participants knew what the researchers were looking for.

Question 11

Define negative cognitive style and whether the research evidence points to it as a cause of depression or a symptom of it. Indicate the usefulness of studying the negative cognitive styles of students.

Accepted Answer

Negative cognitive style refers to a pat

Question 12

Which of the following do women tend to remember better than men?

Accepted Answer

A)  Information about relationships 
B)  Important dates 
C)  Names 
D)  Facts about American history 
A)  Information about relationships 
B)  Important dates 
C)  Names 
D)  Facts about American history

Question 13

Cognitive theorists see the causal arrow between cognitions and depressive symptoms running in one direction, from thoughts to symptoms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

While men and women do not differ in their general memory abilities, they also do not show differences in what they remember.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Research findings suggest men are more likely than women to form independent self-construals. This means that men tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  think of themselves as independent. 
B)  develop their self-concepts with little help from others. 
C)  have cognitive representations of themselves that are relatively unrelated to the cognitive representations they have of other people. 
D)  have cognitive representations of themselves that are resistant to change. 
A)  think of themselves as independent. 
B)  develop their self-concepts with little help from others. 
C)  have cognitive representations of themselves that are relatively unrelated to the cognitive representations they have of other people. 
D)  have cognitive representations of themselves that are resistant to change.

Question 16

Researchers use the idea of negative cognitive style to

Accepted Answer

A)  identify people at high risk for depression. 
B)  predict students who will have at least one episode of major depression. 
C)  determine those suffering more depressive symptoms after trauma. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  identify people at high risk for depression. 
B)  predict students who will have at least one episode of major depression. 
C)  determine those suffering more depressive symptoms after trauma. 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

Among the personal factors cognitive psychologists consider when predicting aggressive behavior, which of the following is typically included?

Accepted Answer

A)  The provocative situation 
B)  Genetic predisposition to aggression 
C)  The ego defense mechanisms the person uses 
D)  Visual cues in the environment. 
A)  The provocative situation 
B)  Genetic predisposition to aggression 
C)  The ego defense mechanisms the person uses 
D)  Visual cues in the environment.

Question 18

Researchers find that depressed people recall depression-related words better than nondepressed people. This finding is used to support which concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learned helplessness 
B)  Depressive schema 
C)  Explanatory style 
D)  Locus of control 
A)  Learned helplessness 
B)  Depressive schema 
C)  Explanatory style 
D)  Locus of control

Question 19

How do men and women differ in their emotional memories and the kinds of information they process more rapidly? Give an example of your own of an independent self-construal and an interdependent self-construal. How do the genders differ in these cognitive representations of the self?

Accepted Answer

Men and women differ in their emotional

In a study in which researcher presented a series of hypothetical situations to boys, those with a history of reactive aggression

People processing information through a negative schema have greater access to depressing memories.

The way people process information in threatening situations begins with a social encounter and then depends on

Discuss the general aggression model proposed by cognitive researchers. What are the components? Give an example of your own of an aggressive response you have recently made and provide an explanation from the model, including all the components.

Which of the following is a component of the depressive cognitive triad?

You read about cognitive research that investigated word memory in depressed people between depression-associated words and nondepression-associated words. Which of the following was not a group that recalled depression-associated words better than normal people?

Aggressive scripts that have been practiced are the most likely to be ignored first.

Which of the following is true about aggressive scripts?

Obtaining a complete understanding of aggressive behavior requires that

Depressed and nondepressed participants in one study were given a list of words to recall. The researchers found

Define negative cognitive style and whether the research evidence points to it as a cause of depression or a symptom of it. Indicate the usefulness of studying the negative cognitive styles of students.

Which of the following do women tend to remember better than men?

Cognitive theorists see the causal arrow between cognitions and depressive symptoms running in one direction, from thoughts to symptoms.

While men and women do not differ in their general memory abilities, they also do not show differences in what they remember.

Research findings suggest men are more likely than women to form independent self-construals. This means that men tend to

Researchers use the idea of negative cognitive style to

Among the personal factors cognitive psychologists consider when predicting aggressive behavior, which of the following is typically included?

Researchers find that depressed people recall depression-related words better than nondepressed people. This finding is used to support which concept?

How do men and women differ in their emotional memories and the kinds of information they process more rapidly? Give an example of your own of an independent self-construal and an interdependent self-construal. How do the genders differ in these cognitive representations of the self?

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

General Questions

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Exam 16: The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

In a study in which researcher presented a series of hypothetical situations to boys, those with a history of reactive aggression

People processing information through a negative schema have greater access to depressing memories.

The way people process information in threatening situations begins with a social encounter and then depends on

Discuss the general aggression model proposed by cognitive researchers. What are the components? Give an example of your own of an aggressive response you have recently made and provide an explanation from the model, including all the components.

Which of the following is a component of the depressive cognitive triad?

You read about cognitive research that investigated word memory in depressed people between depression-associated words and nondepression-associated words. Which of the following was not a group that recalled depression-associated words better than normal people?

Aggressive scripts that have been practiced are the most likely to be ignored first.

Which of the following is true about aggressive scripts?

Obtaining a complete understanding of aggressive behavior requires that

Depressed and nondepressed participants in one study were given a list of words to recall. The researchers found

Define negative cognitive style and whether the research evidence points to it as a cause of depression or a symptom of it. Indicate the usefulness of studying the negative cognitive styles of students.

Which of the following do women tend to remember better than men?

Cognitive theorists see the causal arrow between cognitions and depressive symptoms running in one direction, from thoughts to symptoms.

While men and women do not differ in their general memory abilities, they also do not show differences in what they remember.

Research findings suggest men are more likely than women to form independent self-construals. This means that men tend to

Researchers use the idea of negative cognitive style to

Among the personal factors cognitive psychologists consider when predicting aggressive behavior, which of the following is typically included?

Researchers find that depressed people recall depression-related words better than nondepressed people. This finding is used to support which concept?

How do men and women differ in their emotional memories and the kinds of information they process more rapidly? Give an example of your own of an independent self-construal and an interdependent self-construal. How do the genders differ in these cognitive representations of the self?

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

General Questions

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