Question 1

Which of the following is a compound proposition?

Accepted Answer

A) If the baby wakes, I will pick her up. 
B) Nothing in the world is as sad as a crying clown. 
C) For every worker, there was a first earned dollar. 
D) Growing an investment takes time. 
E) My dream is to swim with a pod of dolphins. 
A) If the baby wakes, I will pick her up. 
B) Nothing in the world is as sad as a crying clown. 
C) For every worker, there was a first earned dollar. 
D) Growing an investment takes time. 
E) My dream is to swim with a pod of dolphins.

Question 2

In a modus tollens, the first premise is hypothetical.The second premise:

Accepted Answer

A) affirms the antecedent of the first premise 
B) denies the antecedent of the first premise 
C) affirms the consequent of the first premise 
D) denies the consequent of the first premise 
E) is also hypothetical 
A) affirms the antecedent of the first premise 
B) denies the antecedent of the first premise 
C) affirms the consequent of the first premise 
D) denies the consequent of the first premise 
E) is also hypothetical

Question 3

Which of the following syllogisms commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent?

Accepted Answer

A) If the hardware store is closed, then I can't buy the replacement pipe today.And I can't buy the replacement pipe today.So the hardware store is closed. 
B) If there is an alien invasion, humanity will be enslaved.And there is an alien invasion.So humanity will be enslaved. 
C) If the phone breaks during the contract period, then the phone company will replace it for free.And the phone has broken during the contract period.So the phone company will replace it for free. 
D) If a few drops of lemon juice are added to the recipe, then the cake has a zestier flavor.And a few drops of lemon juice were added to the recipe.So the cake will have a zestier flavor. 
E) If these old glass jars have been cleaned properly, then they can be recycled.But they haven't been cleaned properly.So they cannot be recycled. 
A) If the hardware store is closed, then I can't buy the replacement pipe today.And I can't buy the replacement pipe today.So the hardware store is closed. 
B) If there is an alien invasion, humanity will be enslaved.And there is an alien invasion.So humanity will be enslaved. 
C) If the phone breaks during the contract period, then the phone company will replace it for free.And the phone has broken during the contract period.So the phone company will replace it for free. 
D) If a few drops of lemon juice are added to the recipe, then the cake has a zestier flavor.And a few drops of lemon juice were added to the recipe.So the cake will have a zestier flavor. 
E) If these old glass jars have been cleaned properly, then they can be recycled.But they haven't been cleaned properly.So they cannot be recycled.

Question 4

Suppose that one premise of a disjunctive syllogism is "Rachael or Susan will be Jenna's maid of honor" and the conclusion is "Susan will be Jenna's maid of honor." What is the unstated premise?

Accepted Answer

A) Jenna likes Susan more than she likes Rachael. 
B) Jenna is getting married. 
C) Rachael will not be Jenna's maid of honor. 
D) Jenna doesn't like Rachael. 
E) Jenna can only choose one maid of honor. 
A) Jenna likes Susan more than she likes Rachael. 
B) Jenna is getting married. 
C) Rachael will not be Jenna's maid of honor. 
D) Jenna doesn't like Rachael. 
E) Jenna can only choose one maid of honor.

Question 5

Suppose that the first premise of a syllogism is a disjunctive proposition, and the second premise affirms one of the disjuncts.Is the syllogism valid?

Accepted Answer

A) No, because the second premise must negate a disjunct rather than affirm it. 
B) No, because the disjunctive premise ought to be second rather than first. 
C) Yes, if the conclusion affirms the remaining disjunct(s). 
D) Yes, if the conclusion negates the remaining disjunct(s). 
E) Yes, if the conclusion either affirms or negates the remaining disjunct(s). 
A) No, because the second premise must negate a disjunct rather than affirm it. 
B) No, because the disjunctive premise ought to be second rather than first. 
C) Yes, if the conclusion affirms the remaining disjunct(s). 
D) Yes, if the conclusion negates the remaining disjunct(s). 
E) Yes, if the conclusion either affirms or negates the remaining disjunct(s).

Question 6

Hypothetical propositions are most like which type of categorical proposition?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) E 
C) I 
D) O 
E) U 
A) A 
B) E 
C) I 
D) O 
E) U

Question 7

For the next group of questions, consider the following argument:
(1) It's clear that nobody should be prejudged because of the following.(2) Either everyone is worthy of friendship or friendship is a horrible institution.(3) So everyone is worthy of friendship.(4) And no one worthy of friendship should be prejudged.
-If we analyzed the argument as a series of syllogisms, how many implicit propositions would be involved?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five

Question 8

If a sentence expresses a compound proposition, is that proposition, taken as a whole, asserted?

Accepted Answer

A) No, because the component propositions are not asserted. 
B) No, because only simple propositions, and not compound ones, can be asserted. 
C) No, because a whole sentence can never be asserted. 
D) Yes, because every declarative sentence, taken as a whole, is asserted. 
E) Yes, because every proposition that is expressed is also asserted. 
A) No, because the component propositions are not asserted. 
B) No, because only simple propositions, and not compound ones, can be asserted. 
C) No, because a whole sentence can never be asserted. 
D) Yes, because every declarative sentence, taken as a whole, is asserted. 
E) Yes, because every proposition that is expressed is also asserted.

Question 9

An extended argument is valid if:

Accepted Answer

A) its conclusion is true 
B) its premises are true 
C) its premises and conclusion are true 
D) all of its steps are valid 
E) most of its steps are valid 
A) its conclusion is true 
B) its premises are true 
C) its premises and conclusion are true 
D) all of its steps are valid 
E) most of its steps are valid

Question 10

What type of hypothetical syllogism is the following? if $p$, then $q$
if $q$, then $r$
if $p$, then $r$

Accepted Answer

A) pure hypothetical 
B) modus ponens 
C) modus tollens 
D) invalid-commits the fallacy of denying the antecedent 
E) invalid-commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent 
A) pure hypothetical 
B) modus ponens 
C) modus tollens 
D) invalid-commits the fallacy of denying the antecedent 
E) invalid-commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent

Question 11

Modus ponens and modus tollens are the two forms of _____ hypothetical syllogism.

Accepted Answer

A) pure 
B) invalid 
C) stemmed 
D) token 
E) mixed 
A) pure 
B) invalid 
C) stemmed 
D) token 
E) mixed

Question 12

If an argument has a hypothetical conclusion, that suggests that the argument is:

Accepted Answer

A) categorical 
B) pure hypothetical 
C) mixed hypothetical 
D) disjunctive 
E) This information tells us nothing about the form. 
A) categorical 
B) pure hypothetical 
C) mixed hypothetical 
D) disjunctive 
E) This information tells us nothing about the form.

Question 13

For the next group of questions, consider the following argument:
(1) It's clear that nobody should be prejudged because of the following.(2) Either everyone is worthy of friendship or friendship is a horrible institution.(3) So everyone is worthy of friendship.(4) And no one worthy of friendship should be prejudged.
-Is the argument valid?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, because all of its steps are valid. 
B) Yes, because most of its steps are valid. 
C) Yes, because its conclusion is true. 
D) No, because its conclusion is false. 
E) No, because one of its steps is invalid. 
A) Yes, because all of its steps are valid. 
B) Yes, because most of its steps are valid. 
C) Yes, because its conclusion is true. 
D) No, because its conclusion is false. 
E) No, because one of its steps is invalid.

Question 14

What is the form of the following proposition? If it rains or is cold, then we will cancel the camping trip.

Accepted Answer

A) If p, then q or r. 
B) If not p, then q or r. 
C) If ( p or q), then r. 
D) p or q 
E) Some ( p or q) are R. 
A) If p, then q or r. 
B) If not p, then q or r. 
C) If ( p or q), then r. 
D) p or q 
E) Some ( p or q) are R.

Question 15

For the next group of questions, consider the following argument:
It is clear that (1) a lot of people are not virtuous because (2) society is breaking down.You see, (3) no rude person is virtuous, and (4) if many people are rude, then society breaks down.
-Is the argument valid?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, because all of its steps are valid. 
B) Yes, because most of its steps are valid. 
C) Yes, because its conclusion is true. 
D) No, because its conclusion is false. 
E) No, because one of its steps is invalid. 
A) Yes, because all of its steps are valid. 
B) Yes, because most of its steps are valid. 
C) Yes, because its conclusion is true. 
D) No, because its conclusion is false. 
E) No, because one of its steps is invalid.

Question 16

Does every hypothetical proposition have an equivalent disjunctive proposition, such that the disjunctive could replace the hypothetical in any argument without otherwise changing the argument's structure?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes. 
B) No, since replacing one proposition with another will always have a significant effect on the structure of an argument. 
C) No, since no hypothetical proposition has an equivalent disjunctive proposition. 
D) No, since some disjunctive propositions contain more than two disjuncts. 
E) No, since certain propositions can be hypothetical antecedents, but can never be disjuncts. 
A) Yes. 
B) No, since replacing one proposition with another will always have a significant effect on the structure of an argument. 
C) No, since no hypothetical proposition has an equivalent disjunctive proposition. 
D) No, since some disjunctive propositions contain more than two disjuncts. 
E) No, since certain propositions can be hypothetical antecedents, but can never be disjuncts.

Question 17

Suppose that p is the proposition "All whales are mammals." What is the proposition not-p?

Accepted Answer

A) No whale is a mammal. 
B) Some whales are mammals. 
C) All mammals are whales. 
D) Some mammals are not whales. 
E) Some whales are not mammals. 
A) No whale is a mammal. 
B) Some whales are mammals. 
C) All mammals are whales. 
D) Some mammals are not whales. 
E) Some whales are not mammals.

Question 18

What type of hypothetical syllogism is the following? If this butterfly's wings had not dried properly, then it would not be able to fly.
But it is able to fly.
So this butterfly's wings dried properly.

Accepted Answer

A) pure hypothetical 
B) modus ponens 
C) modus tollens 
D) invalid-commits the fallacy of denying the antecedent 
E) invalid-commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent 
A) pure hypothetical 
B) modus ponens 
C) modus tollens 
D) invalid-commits the fallacy of denying the antecedent 
E) invalid-commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent

Question 19

What is the converse of the proposition "I will enjoy the movie only if it is funny"?

Accepted Answer

A) If the movie is funny, then I will not enjoy it. 
B) If the movie is funny, then I will enjoy it. 
C) If I enjoy the movie, then it is funny. 
D) If I do not enjoy the movie, then it is funny. 
E) If I do not enjoy the movie, then it is not funny. 
A) If the movie is funny, then I will not enjoy it. 
B) If the movie is funny, then I will enjoy it. 
C) If I enjoy the movie, then it is funny. 
D) If I do not enjoy the movie, then it is funny. 
E) If I do not enjoy the movie, then it is not funny.

Question 20

Is it acceptable for the antecedent and the consequent to be different types of proposition (categorical, hypothetical, or disjunctive)?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, any combination of types is acceptable. 
B) No, since they must both be categorical. 
C) No.They can be any type of proposition, but they must be the same. 
D) Mixing of disjunctives and categoricals is okay.(But hypotheticals are not allowed.) 
E) Mixing of hypotheticals and categoricals is okay.(But disjunctives are not allowed.) 
A) Yes, any combination of types is acceptable. 
B) No, since they must both be categorical. 
C) No.They can be any type of proposition, but they must be the same. 
D) Mixing of disjunctives and categoricals is okay.(But hypotheticals are not allowed.) 
E) Mixing of hypotheticals and categoricals is okay.(But disjunctives are not allowed.)

Which of the following is a compound proposition?

In a modus tollens, the first premise is hypothetical.The second premise:

Which of the following syllogisms commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent?

Suppose that one premise of a disjunctive syllogism is "Rachael or Susan will be Jenna's maid of honor" and the conclusion is "Susan will be Jenna's maid of honor." What is the unstated premise?

Suppose that the first premise of a syllogism is a disjunctive proposition, and the second premise affirms one of the disjuncts.Is the syllogism valid?

Hypothetical propositions are most like which type of categorical proposition?

If a sentence expresses a compound proposition, is that proposition, taken as a whole, asserted?

An extended argument is valid if:

What type of hypothetical syllogism is the following? if $p$ , then $q$ if $q$ , then $r$ if $p$ , then $r$

Modus ponens and modus tollens are the two forms of _____ hypothetical syllogism.

If an argument has a hypothetical conclusion, that suggests that the argument is:

What is the form of the following proposition? If it rains or is cold, then we will cancel the camping trip.

For the next group of questions, consider the following argument: It is clear that (1) a lot of people are not virtuous because (2) society is breaking down.You see, (3) no rude person is virtuous, and (4) if many people are rude, then society breaks down. -Is the argument valid?

Does every hypothetical proposition have an equivalent disjunctive proposition, such that the disjunctive could replace the hypothetical in any argument without otherwise changing the argument's structure?

Suppose that p is the proposition "All whales are mammals." What is the proposition not-p?

What type of hypothetical syllogism is the following? If this butterfly's wings had not dried properly, then it would not be able to fly. But it is able to fly. So this butterfly's wings dried properly.

What is the converse of the proposition "I will enjoy the movie only if it is funny"?

Is it acceptable for the antecedent and the consequent to be different types of proposition (categorical, hypothetical, or disjunctive)?

Classification

Definitions

Propositions

Argument Analysis

Fallacies

Categorical Propositions

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic-Propositions

Propositional Logic-Arguments

Predicate Logic

Inductive Generalizations

Argument by Analogy

Statistical Reasoning

Explanation

Probability

Filters

Exam 8: Reasoning With Syllogisms

Which of the following is a compound proposition?

In a modus tollens, the first premise is hypothetical.The second premise:

Which of the following syllogisms commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent?

Suppose that one premise of a disjunctive syllogism is "Rachael or Susan will be Jenna's maid of honor" and the conclusion is "Susan will be Jenna's maid of honor." What is the unstated premise?

Suppose that the first premise of a syllogism is a disjunctive proposition, and the second premise affirms one of the disjuncts.Is the syllogism valid?

Hypothetical propositions are most like which type of categorical proposition?

If a sentence expresses a compound proposition, is that proposition, taken as a whole, asserted?

An extended argument is valid if:

What type of hypothetical syllogism is the following? if ppp , then qqq if qqq , then rrr if ppp , then rrr

Modus ponens and modus tollens are the two forms of _____ hypothetical syllogism.

If an argument has a hypothetical conclusion, that suggests that the argument is:

What is the form of the following proposition? If it rains or is cold, then we will cancel the camping trip.

For the next group of questions, consider the following argument: It is clear that (1) a lot of people are not virtuous because (2) society is breaking down.You see, (3) no rude person is virtuous, and (4) if many people are rude, then society breaks down. -Is the argument valid?

Does every hypothetical proposition have an equivalent disjunctive proposition, such that the disjunctive could replace the hypothetical in any argument without otherwise changing the argument's structure?

Suppose that p is the proposition "All whales are mammals." What is the proposition not-p?

What type of hypothetical syllogism is the following? If this butterfly's wings had not dried properly, then it would not be able to fly. But it is able to fly. So this butterfly's wings dried properly.

What is the converse of the proposition "I will enjoy the movie only if it is funny"?

Is it acceptable for the antecedent and the consequent to be different types of proposition (categorical, hypothetical, or disjunctive)?

Classification

Definitions

Propositions

Argument Analysis

Fallacies

Categorical Propositions

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic-Propositions

Propositional Logic-Arguments

Predicate Logic

Inductive Generalizations

Argument by Analogy

Statistical Reasoning

Explanation

Probability

Filters

What type of hypothetical syllogism is the following? if $p$ , then $q$ if $q$ , then $r$ if $p$ , then $r$