Question 1

Suppose that p is the proposition "It is raining." What is the proposition not-p?

Accepted Answer

A) It is not raining. 
B) It may or may not be raining. 
C) It will continue to rain. 
D) The rain will stop soon. 
E) It was raining. 
A) It is not raining. 
B) It may or may not be raining. 
C) It will continue to rain. 
D) The rain will stop soon. 
E) It was raining.

Question 2

An extended argument is an argument that:

Accepted Answer

A) involves more than one syllogistic step 
B) takes a long time to explain 
C) involves more than one speaker 
D) continues long after it has already made its point 
E) commits the fallacy of super-extension 
A) involves more than one syllogistic step 
B) takes a long time to explain 
C) involves more than one speaker 
D) continues long after it has already made its point 
E) commits the fallacy of super-extension

Question 3

What would the following proposition be in standard form? There is strawberry jam in this sandwich.

Accepted Answer

A) Some strawberry jam is an ingredient of this sandwich. 
B) All strawberry jam is an ingredient of this sandwich. 
C) No strawberry jam is a noningredient of this sandwich. 
D) If jam is strawberry flavored, then it is an ingredient of this sandwich. 
E) Jam is not strawberry flavored or it is an ingredient of this sandwich. 
A) Some strawberry jam is an ingredient of this sandwich. 
B) All strawberry jam is an ingredient of this sandwich. 
C) No strawberry jam is a noningredient of this sandwich. 
D) If jam is strawberry flavored, then it is an ingredient of this sandwich. 
E) Jam is not strawberry flavored or it is an ingredient of this sandwich.

Question 4

Is there any limit to the number of syllogistic steps that can make up a single extended argument?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, there can be no more than three steps. 
B) Yes, there can be no more than five steps. 
C) There can only be one step for each type of syllogism involved. 
D) There can only be up to four steps for categorical and hypothetical arguments, but for arguments involving disjunctive propositions, the number of steps is unlimited. 
E) No, the number of steps is unlimited. 
A) Yes, there can be no more than three steps. 
B) Yes, there can be no more than five steps. 
C) There can only be one step for each type of syllogism involved. 
D) There can only be up to four steps for categorical and hypothetical arguments, but for arguments involving disjunctive propositions, the number of steps is unlimited. 
E) No, the number of steps is unlimited.

Question 5

The form of a disjunctive proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A) p or q 
B) p and q 
C) if p, then q 
D) unless p, q 
E) p, not q 
A) p or q 
B) p and q 
C) if p, then q 
D) unless p, q 
E) p, not q

Question 6

If the disjunctive premise of a disjunctive argument has N disjuncts, and the conclusion is one of those disjuncts, then how many syllogisms make up the argument?

Accepted Answer

A) N 
B) 2N 
C) N +1 
D) N F-1 
E) N/2 
A) N 
B) 2N 
C) N +1 
D) N F-1 
E) N/2

Question 7

What would the following proposition be in standard form? Without distribution requirements, most students would take too narrow a range of courses.

Accepted Answer

A) If most students take too narrow a range of courses, then distribution requirements do not exist. 
B) If distribution requirements did not exist, then most students would take too narrow a range of courses. 
C) If distribution requirements did not exist, then most students would not take too narrow a range of courses. 
D) If distribution requirements exist, then most students will not take too narrow a range of courses. 
E) If distribution requirements exist, then most students will take too narrow a range of courses. 
A) If most students take too narrow a range of courses, then distribution requirements do not exist. 
B) If distribution requirements did not exist, then most students would take too narrow a range of courses. 
C) If distribution requirements did not exist, then most students would not take too narrow a range of courses. 
D) If distribution requirements exist, then most students will not take too narrow a range of courses. 
E) If distribution requirements exist, then most students will take too narrow a range of courses.

Question 8

Is the following syllogism valid? 
The child is not a girl or the child is not a boy.
The child is a girl.
The child is not a boy.

Accepted Answer

A) Yes. 
B) No, because the conclusion is a negative proposition. 
C) No, because the disjunctive premise ought to be the second premise, not the first. 
D) No, because we don't know whether or not the second premise is true. 
E) No, because the second premise affirms a disjunct rather than negating one. 
A) Yes. 
B) No, because the conclusion is a negative proposition. 
C) No, because the disjunctive premise ought to be the second premise, not the first. 
D) No, because we don't know whether or not the second premise is true. 
E) No, because the second premise affirms a disjunct rather than negating one.

Question 9

For the next group of questions, consider the following argument:
(1) Marla's boat is at the dock and (2) every one of the boats at the dock has loaded either three or four passengers.(3) But I'm sure that Marla's boat has only loaded three passengers, because (4) she would already have raised her sails if she had all four of her passengers.
-If we analyzed the argument as a series of syllogisms, how many implicit propositions would be involved?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five

Question 10

For the next group of questions, consider the following argument:
(1) Marla's boat is at the dock and (2) every one of the boats at the dock has loaded either three or four passengers.(3) But I'm sure that Marla's boat has only loaded three passengers, because (4) she would already have raised her sails if she had all four of her passengers.
-Of how many syllogistic steps does the argument consist?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five

Question 11

What is the missing premise in the following hypothetical syllogism? If Clark had known the answer to the final question, he would have won the trivia contest.So he must not have known the answer.

Accepted Answer

A) Clark was in a trivia contest. 
B) Clark didn't win the trivia contest. 
C) The final trivia question was the only one that counted. 
D) The final trivia question was very difficult. 
E) Clark was expected to win the trivia contest. 
A) Clark was in a trivia contest. 
B) Clark didn't win the trivia contest. 
C) The final trivia question was the only one that counted. 
D) The final trivia question was very difficult. 
E) Clark was expected to win the trivia contest.

Question 12

For the next group of questions, consider the following argument:
I need to buy a present for my niece’s birthday. And I think (1) it will have to be a set of LEGOs. (2) I was considering the LEGOs, a toy robot, and a goldfish. But I think that (3) she already has the robot and (4) she is too young to care for a goldfish.
-If we analyzed the argument as a series of syllogisms, how many implicit propositions would be involved?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five

Question 13

What conclusion follows from these premises? The meeting is in room 305 or the meeting is in room 306 . The meeting is not in room 305 .

Accepted Answer

A) The meeting is not in room 306. 
B) The meeting is in room 306. 
C) The meeting has been moved. 
D) The meeting might be canceled. 
E) The meeting will definitely happen. 
A) The meeting is not in room 306. 
B) The meeting is in room 306. 
C) The meeting has been moved. 
D) The meeting might be canceled. 
E) The meeting will definitely happen.

Question 14

vFor the next group of questions, consider the following argument:
(1) If some of these fresh footprints belong to the fugitive, then he is still nearby.(2) But no footprint belonging to the fugitive is a size 10, (3) and some of these footprints are size 10.(4) So the fugitive is not still nearby.
-If we analyzed the argument as a series of syllogisms, how many implicit propositions would be involved?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five

Question 15

If two logicians are putting a syllogism into standard form, but they choose two different types of syllogism (e.g., one makes it categorical and the other hypothetical), could both of the resulting syllogisms be valid?

Accepted Answer

A) No, because a syllogism is only valid when it is in the correct form. 
B) No, because for each kind of syllogism, the valid forms are completely different. 
C) No, because validity depends on the relationship between the premises and the conclusion, which is fundamentally different from one type to another. 
D) Yes, because the type chosen to represent the syllogism has no bearing on the truth of its conclusion. 
E) Yes, because if the truth of the premises is sufficient to guarantee the truth of the conclusion, that will make the syllogism valid, regardless of the chosen type. 
A) No, because a syllogism is only valid when it is in the correct form. 
B) No, because for each kind of syllogism, the valid forms are completely different. 
C) No, because validity depends on the relationship between the premises and the conclusion, which is fundamentally different from one type to another. 
D) Yes, because the type chosen to represent the syllogism has no bearing on the truth of its conclusion. 
E) Yes, because if the truth of the premises is sufficient to guarantee the truth of the conclusion, that will make the syllogism valid, regardless of the chosen type.

Question 16

Which disjunctive proposition is equivalent to this hypothetical proposition? If and only if p, then q.

Accepted Answer

A) p or q 
B) p or not q 
C) not p or not q 
D) not p or q 
E) ( p or not q) and (not p or q) 
A) p or q 
B) p or not q 
C) not p or not q 
D) not p or q 
E) ( p or not q) and (not p or q)

Question 17

For the next group of questions, consider the following argument:
I need to buy a present for my niece’s birthday. And I think (1) it will have to be a set of LEGOs. (2) I was considering the LEGOs, a toy robot, and a goldfish. But I think that (3) she already has the robot and (4) she is too young to care for a goldfish.
-Of how many syllogistic steps does the argument consist?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) five

Suppose that p is the proposition "It is raining." What is the proposition not-p?

An extended argument is an argument that:

What would the following proposition be in standard form? There is strawberry jam in this sandwich.

Is there any limit to the number of syllogistic steps that can make up a single extended argument?

The form of a disjunctive proposition is:

If the disjunctive premise of a disjunctive argument has N disjuncts, and the conclusion is one of those disjuncts, then how many syllogisms make up the argument?

What would the following proposition be in standard form? Without distribution requirements, most students would take too narrow a range of courses.

Is the following syllogism valid? The child is not a girl or the child is not a boy. The child is a girl. The child is not a boy.

What is the missing premise in the following hypothetical syllogism? If Clark had known the answer to the final question, he would have won the trivia contest.So he must not have known the answer.

What conclusion follows from these premises? The meeting is in room 305 or the meeting is in room 306 . The meeting is not in room 305 .

If two logicians are putting a syllogism into standard form, but they choose two different types of syllogism (e.g., one makes it categorical and the other hypothetical), could both of the resulting syllogisms be valid?

Which disjunctive proposition is equivalent to this hypothetical proposition? If and only if p, then q.

Classification

Definitions

Propositions

Argument Analysis

Fallacies

Categorical Propositions

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic-Propositions

Propositional Logic-Arguments

Predicate Logic

Inductive Generalizations

Argument by Analogy

Statistical Reasoning

Explanation

Probability

Filters

Exam 8: Reasoning With Syllogisms

Suppose that p is the proposition "It is raining." What is the proposition not-p?

An extended argument is an argument that:

What would the following proposition be in standard form? There is strawberry jam in this sandwich.

Is there any limit to the number of syllogistic steps that can make up a single extended argument?

The form of a disjunctive proposition is:

If the disjunctive premise of a disjunctive argument has N disjuncts, and the conclusion is one of those disjuncts, then how many syllogisms make up the argument?

What would the following proposition be in standard form? Without distribution requirements, most students would take too narrow a range of courses.

Is the following syllogism valid? The child is not a girl or the child is not a boy. The child is a girl. The child is not a boy.

What is the missing premise in the following hypothetical syllogism? If Clark had known the answer to the final question, he would have won the trivia contest.So he must not have known the answer.

What conclusion follows from these premises? The meeting is in room 305 or the meeting is in room 306 . The meeting is not in room 305 .

If two logicians are putting a syllogism into standard form, but they choose two different types of syllogism (e.g., one makes it categorical and the other hypothetical), could both of the resulting syllogisms be valid?

Which disjunctive proposition is equivalent to this hypothetical proposition? If and only if p, then q.

Classification

Definitions

Propositions

Argument Analysis

Fallacies

Categorical Propositions

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic-Propositions

Propositional Logic-Arguments

Predicate Logic

Inductive Generalizations

Argument by Analogy

Statistical Reasoning

Explanation

Probability

Filters