Question 1

Analyzing Data from a Between-Subjects Factorial Experiment A main effect in a factorial experiment refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) change in the effect of one independent variable across levels of another. 
B) significant variability associated with a single independent variable in a factorial experiment. 
C) variability due to the combined action of two or more independent variables. 
D) variability in a factorial experiment not due to the individual actions of each independent variable. 
A) change in the effect of one independent variable across levels of another. 
B) significant variability associated with a single independent variable in a factorial experiment. 
C) variability due to the combined action of two or more independent variables. 
D) variability in a factorial experiment not due to the individual actions of each independent variable.

Question 2

A One-Way Analysis of Variance Calvin designed a between-subjects experiment with one independent variable with four levels.There are 15 subjects in each condition.There are ____ degrees of freedom for between-groups variability.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 11 
D) 56 
A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 11 
D) 56

Question 3

The t Test When calculating a t statistic for independent groups, the numerator is

Accepted Answer

A) the difference between the treatment group means. 
B) the number of degrees of freedom. 
C) the squared deviations from each treatment mean. 
D) the variances of the groups divided by the number of subjects. 
A) the difference between the treatment group means. 
B) the number of degrees of freedom. 
C) the squared deviations from each treatment mean. 
D) the variances of the groups divided by the number of subjects.

Question 4

The t Test Compared with a t test for independent groups, a t test for matched groups almost always

Accepted Answer

A) has a lower chance of Type 2 error. 
B) has more degrees of freedom. 
C) is more powerful. 
D) has a lower chance of Type 2 error and is more powerful. 
A) has a lower chance of Type 2 error. 
B) has more degrees of freedom. 
C) is more powerful. 
D) has a lower chance of Type 2 error and is more powerful.

Question 5

The t Test An effect size of .60 means that the independent variable in our experiment accounted for approximately ___ of the variance in the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) 30% 
B) 36% 
C) 60% 
D) 90% 
A) 30% 
B) 36% 
C) 60% 
D) 90%

Question 6

The t Test We reject the null hypothesis when.

Accepted Answer

A) the computed value of t equals the critical value of t. 
B) the computed value of t is less extreme than the critical value of t. 
C) the computed value of t is more extreme than the critical value of t. 
D) the computed value of t is equal to or more extreme than the critical value of t. 
A) the computed value of t equals the critical value of t. 
B) the computed value of t is less extreme than the critical value of t. 
C) the computed value of t is more extreme than the critical value of t. 
D) the computed value of t is equal to or more extreme than the critical value of t.

Question 7

Interpreting the Results If your experiment had four treatment conditions, how many post hoc tests may you perform at the p < .05 level?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6

Question 8

Sources of Variability The single category called error produces variability in subject data

Accepted Answer

A) between treatment groups. 
B) within treatment groups. 
C) both between and within treatment groups. 
D) only when there is confounding. 
A) between treatment groups. 
B) within treatment groups. 
C) both between and within treatment groups. 
D) only when there is confounding.

Question 9

A One-Way Analysis of Variance Andrew designed a between-subjects experiment with one independent variable with three levels.There are 20 subjects in each condition.There are ____ degrees of freedom for within-groups variability.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 17 
D) 57 
A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 17 
D) 57

Question 10

Interpreting the Results We can use an analysis of covariance to

Accepted Answer

A) adjust treatment effects for any prior differences between treatment groups. 
B) refine estimates of error. 
C) statistically hold a moderating variable constant. 
D) all of these 
A) adjust treatment effects for any prior differences between treatment groups. 
B) refine estimates of error. 
C) statistically hold a moderating variable constant. 
D) all of these

Question 11

Which Test Do I Use? The level of measurement is important because it

Accepted Answer

A) determines the appropriate significance level for a statistical test. 
B) determines whether a statistical test should be one-tailed or two-tailed. 
C) determines whether the research hypothesis should be directional or nondirectional. 
D) determines which statistical test may be used. 
A) determines the appropriate significance level for a statistical test. 
B) determines whether a statistical test should be one-tailed or two-tailed. 
C) determines whether the research hypothesis should be directional or nondirectional. 
D) determines which statistical test may be used.

Question 12

A One-Way Analysis of Variance A summary table for a one-way analysis of variance shows 3 degrees of freedom between groups and 16 degrees of freedom within groups.How many treatment groups were there in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6

Question 13

Interpreting the Results Tad made no specific experimental predictions and performed a post hoc test after he found that his computed F was not significant.What mistake did he commit?

Accepted Answer

A) He should have performed an a priori test instead of a post hoc test 
B) He should have performed either the F test or the post hoc test, but not both. 
C) He should have performed the post hoc test before the F test. 
D) He should have stopped after a nonsignificant F test. 
A) He should have performed an a priori test instead of a post hoc test 
B) He should have performed either the F test or the post hoc test, but not both. 
C) He should have performed the post hoc test before the F test. 
D) He should have stopped after a nonsignificant F test.

Question 14

A One-Way Analysis of Variance As the degrees of freedom increase, F critical ____ and statistical power

Accepted Answer

A) increases; increases. 
B) increases; decreases. 
C) decreases; increases. 
D) decreases; decreases. 
A) increases; increases. 
B) increases; decreases. 
C) decreases; increases. 
D) decreases; decreases.

Question 15

Sources of Variability Theoretically, if an independent variable has no effect in an experiment, the F ratio should be

Accepted Answer

A) less than 0. 
B) 0. 
C) 1. 
D) greater than 1. 
A) less than 0. 
B) 0. 
C) 1. 
D) greater than 1.

Question 16

The t Test The term extreme refers to a computed t statistic's

Accepted Answer

A) alpha level. 
B) degrees of freedom. 
C) effect size. 
D) position relative to the critical value. 
A) alpha level. 
B) degrees of freedom. 
C) effect size. 
D) position relative to the critical value.

Question 17

Interpreting the Results We should use post hoc tests instead of a priori tests when

Accepted Answer

A) the computed F is not significant. 
B) we did not predict group differences. 
C) we need to perform fewer pairwise comparisons than the number of treatment groups. 
D) we want to reduce the risk of Type 2 error. 
A) the computed F is not significant. 
B) we did not predict group differences. 
C) we need to perform fewer pairwise comparisons than the number of treatment groups. 
D) we want to reduce the risk of Type 2 error.

Question 18

Statistics for Two Group Experiments When you obtain ordinal data from two matched groups, you should use the

Accepted Answer

A) chi square test. 
B) Mann-Whitney U test. 
C) t test for matched groups. 
D) Wilcoxon test. 
A) chi square test. 
B) Mann-Whitney U test. 
C) t test for matched groups. 
D) Wilcoxon test.

Question 19

Sources of Variability The shape of an F distribution depends on the

Accepted Answer

A) critical value of F. 
B) degrees of freedom. 
C) effect size. 
D) level of significance. 
A) critical value of F. 
B) degrees of freedom. 
C) effect size. 
D) level of significance.

Question 20

The t Test An inferential test like the t test is relatively robust.This means that

Accepted Answer

A) assumptions can be violated without changing the rate of Type 1 and Type 2 errors. 
B) conclusions are valid when there are fewer than 20 subjects in each treatment group. 
C) the critical value of t is independent of the number of subjects sampled. 
D) the t test can produce valid results with ordinal data. 
A) assumptions can be violated without changing the rate of Type 1 and Type 2 errors. 
B) conclusions are valid when there are fewer than 20 subjects in each treatment group. 
C) the critical value of t is independent of the number of subjects sampled. 
D) the t test can produce valid results with ordinal data.

Analyzing Data from a Between-Subjects Factorial Experiment A main effect in a factorial experiment refers to the

A One-Way Analysis of Variance Calvin designed a between-subjects experiment with one independent variable with four levels.There are 15 subjects in each condition.There are ____ degrees of freedom for between-groups variability.

The t Test When calculating a t statistic for independent groups, the numerator is

The t Test Compared with a t test for independent groups, a t test for matched groups almost always

The t Test An effect size of .60 means that the independent variable in our experiment accounted for approximately ___ of the variance in the dependent variable.

The t Test We reject the null hypothesis when.

Interpreting the Results If your experiment had four treatment conditions, how many post hoc tests may you perform at the p < .05 level?

Sources of Variability The single category called error produces variability in subject data

A One-Way Analysis of Variance Andrew designed a between-subjects experiment with one independent variable with three levels.There are 20 subjects in each condition.There are ____ degrees of freedom for within-groups variability.

Interpreting the Results We can use an analysis of covariance to

Which Test Do I Use? The level of measurement is important because it

A One-Way Analysis of Variance A summary table for a one-way analysis of variance shows 3 degrees of freedom between groups and 16 degrees of freedom within groups.How many treatment groups were there in this experiment?

Interpreting the Results Tad made no specific experimental predictions and performed a post hoc test after he found that his computed F was not significant.What mistake did he commit?

A One-Way Analysis of Variance As the degrees of freedom increase, F critical ____ and statistical power

Sources of Variability Theoretically, if an independent variable has no effect in an experiment, the F ratio should be

The t Test The term extreme refers to a computed t statistic's

Interpreting the Results We should use post hoc tests instead of a priori tests when

Statistics for Two Group Experiments When you obtain ordinal data from two matched groups, you should use the

Sources of Variability The shape of an F distribution depends on the

The t Test An inferential test like the t test is relatively robust.This means that

Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method

Research Ethics

Alternatives to Experimentation: Nonexperimental Designs

Alternatives to Experimentation: Surveys and Interviews

Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Formulating the Hypothesis

The Basics of Experimentation

Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables

Basic Between-Subjects Designs

Between-Subjects Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Within-Subjects Designs: Small N

Why We Need Statistics

Drawing Conclusions: the Search for the Elusive Bottom Line

Writing the Research Report

Filters

Exam 14: Analyzing Results

Analyzing Data from a Between-Subjects Factorial Experiment A main effect in a factorial experiment refers to the

A One-Way Analysis of Variance Calvin designed a between-subjects experiment with one independent variable with four levels.There are 15 subjects in each condition.There are ____ degrees of freedom for between-groups variability.

The t Test When calculating a t statistic for independent groups, the numerator is

The t Test Compared with a t test for independent groups, a t test for matched groups almost always

The t Test An effect size of .60 means that the independent variable in our experiment accounted for approximately ___ of the variance in the dependent variable.

The t Test We reject the null hypothesis when.

Interpreting the Results If your experiment had four treatment conditions, how many post hoc tests may you perform at the p < .05 level?

Sources of Variability The single category called error produces variability in subject data

A One-Way Analysis of Variance Andrew designed a between-subjects experiment with one independent variable with three levels.There are 20 subjects in each condition.There are ____ degrees of freedom for within-groups variability.

Interpreting the Results We can use an analysis of covariance to

Which Test Do I Use? The level of measurement is important because it

A One-Way Analysis of Variance A summary table for a one-way analysis of variance shows 3 degrees of freedom between groups and 16 degrees of freedom within groups.How many treatment groups were there in this experiment?

Interpreting the Results Tad made no specific experimental predictions and performed a post hoc test after he found that his computed F was not significant.What mistake did he commit?

A One-Way Analysis of Variance As the degrees of freedom increase, F critical ____ and statistical power

Sources of Variability Theoretically, if an independent variable has no effect in an experiment, the F ratio should be

The t Test The term extreme refers to a computed t statistic's

Interpreting the Results We should use post hoc tests instead of a priori tests when

Statistics for Two Group Experiments When you obtain ordinal data from two matched groups, you should use the

Sources of Variability The shape of an F distribution depends on the

The t Test An inferential test like the t test is relatively robust.This means that

Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method

Research Ethics

Alternatives to Experimentation: Nonexperimental Designs

Alternatives to Experimentation: Surveys and Interviews

Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Formulating the Hypothesis

The Basics of Experimentation

Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables

Basic Between-Subjects Designs

Between-Subjects Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Within-Subjects Designs: Small N

Why We Need Statistics

Drawing Conclusions: the Search for the Elusive Bottom Line

Writing the Research Report

Filters