Question 1

Interpreting the Results How do a priori tests differ from post hoc tests?

Accepted Answer

A) A priori tests are more conservative than post hoc tests. 
B) A priori tests can be performed instead of an F test, while post hoc tests cannot be performed without a significant F test. 
C) A priori tests present a higher risk of Type 1 error than post hoc tests. 
D) A priori tests present a higher risk of Type 2 error than post hoc tests. 
A) A priori tests are more conservative than post hoc tests. 
B) A priori tests can be performed instead of an F test, while post hoc tests cannot be performed without a significant F test. 
C) A priori tests present a higher risk of Type 1 error than post hoc tests. 
D) A priori tests present a higher risk of Type 2 error than post hoc tests.

Question 2

Interpreting the Results Experimenters use post hoc tests to

Accepted Answer

A) check the accuracy of analysis of variance computations. 
B) compare differences between pairs of means. 
C) determine whether an analysis of variance is required. 
D) evaluate pairwise differences between treatment means when an analysis of variance is not significant. 
A) check the accuracy of analysis of variance computations. 
B) compare differences between pairs of means. 
C) determine whether an analysis of variance is required. 
D) evaluate pairwise differences between treatment means when an analysis of variance is not significant.

Question 3

A One-Way Analysis of Variance Rachel's computed value of F was 7.23 and the table value of F was 3.88 at the .05 level.She should ____ the null hypothesis and conclude that her results were

Accepted Answer

A) accept; statistically significant. 
B) accept; nonsignificant. 
C) reject; statistically significant. 
D) reject; nonsignificant. 
A) accept; statistically significant. 
B) accept; nonsignificant. 
C) reject; statistically significant. 
D) reject; nonsignificant.

Question 4

The t Test What information do we need in order to find the critical value of t?

Accepted Answer

A) the degrees of freedom 
B) the significance level 
C) whether the test is directional or nondirectional 
D) all of these 
A) the degrees of freedom 
B) the significance level 
C) whether the test is directional or nondirectional 
D) all of these

Question 5

Which Test Do I Use? Jack is designing a two-group experiment and asks you which statistical test he should use.The first question you should ask him is:

Accepted Answer

A) "How many subjects will you run in each condition?" 
B) "Is your research hypothesis directional or nondirectional?" 
C) "Which level of measurement will you use?" 
D) "What significance level are you using?" 
A) "How many subjects will you run in each condition?" 
B) "Is your research hypothesis directional or nondirectional?" 
C) "Which level of measurement will you use?" 
D) "What significance level are you using?"

Question 6

The t Test If there are at least ___ subjects in each treatment group, a t test is probably safe from violations of its assumptions.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 30 
D) 50 
A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 30 
D) 50

Question 7

Which Test Do I Use? Which two scales provide the most information about magnitude and are preferred by researchers?

Accepted Answer

A) interval and ordinal 
B) interval and ratio 
C) nominal and ordinal 
D) nominal and ratio 
A) interval and ordinal 
B) interval and ratio 
C) nominal and ordinal 
D) nominal and ratio

Question 8

The t Test Compared to a t test for matched groups, the critical value for a t test for independent groups is

Accepted Answer

A) identical. 
B) smaller. 
C) larger. 
D) based on fewer degrees of freedom. 
A) identical. 
B) smaller. 
C) larger. 
D) based on fewer degrees of freedom.

Question 9

Analyzing Data from a Between-Subjects Factorial Experiment How many F ratios must we calculate for a two-way analysis of variance?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 10

Analyzing Multiple Groups and Factorial Experiments The analysis of variance

Accepted Answer

A) compares the difference between means to an estimate of variability. 
B) compares the difference between pairs of means to an estimate of variability. 
C) compares the frequency of responses in a sample to the estimated frequency in the population. 
D) divides variability in the data into component parts and then compares and evaluates them for statistical significance. 
A) compares the difference between means to an estimate of variability. 
B) compares the difference between pairs of means to an estimate of variability. 
C) compares the frequency of responses in a sample to the estimated frequency in the population. 
D) divides variability in the data into component parts and then compares and evaluates them for statistical significance.

Question 11

Statistics for Two Group Experiments Researchers use the ____ to analyze ordinal data obtained from multiple independent groups.

Accepted Answer

A) Friedman test 
B) Kruskal-Wallis test 
C) Mann-Whitney U test 
D) Wilcoxon test 
A) Friedman test 
B) Kruskal-Wallis test 
C) Mann-Whitney U test 
D) Wilcoxon test

Question 12

Sources of Variability We call variability due to random errors, subject variables, and treatment effects

Accepted Answer

A) between-groups variance. 
B) error variance. 
C) MSW. 
D) within-groups variance. 
A) between-groups variance. 
B) error variance. 
C) MSW. 
D) within-groups variance.

Question 13

The t Test When we draw small and large samples from the same population, small samples

Accepted Answer

A) are more normally distributed. 
B) produce a more peaked and narrower distribution. 
C) result in more degrees of freedom. 
D) vary more from the population mean. 
A) are more normally distributed. 
B) produce a more peaked and narrower distribution. 
C) result in more degrees of freedom. 
D) vary more from the population mean.

Question 14

The t Test Jeremy plans to use a two-tailed t test to evaluate the results of his experiment.If he uses a one-tailed t test instead, the

Accepted Answer

A) computed value of t will be larger. 
B) critical region will start farther from the mean. 
C) critical value of t will be smaller. 
D) significance level will be more extreme. 
A) computed value of t will be larger. 
B) critical region will start farther from the mean. 
C) critical value of t will be smaller. 
D) significance level will be more extreme.

Question 15

The t Test The American Psychological Association's Publication Manual recommends that

Accepted Answer

A) null hypothesis testing should be abandoned. 
B) researchers should analyze data using both parametric and nonparametric statistics. 
C) researchers should always qualify p values with 5% confidence intervals. 
D) researchers should report confidence intervals for experimental data. 
A) null hypothesis testing should be abandoned. 
B) researchers should analyze data using both parametric and nonparametric statistics. 
C) researchers should always qualify p values with 5% confidence intervals. 
D) researchers should report confidence intervals for experimental data.

Question 16

The t Test Quinn's computed t statistic is 1.79 and the critical value is 1.79.What should she decide if she is using a significance level of p < .05?

Accepted Answer

A) accept the null hypothesis 
B) reject the null hypothesis 
C) suspend judgment and replicate the experiment 
D) the results were not statistically significant 
A) accept the null hypothesis 
B) reject the null hypothesis 
C) suspend judgment and replicate the experiment 
D) the results were not statistically significant

Interpreting the Results How do a priori tests differ from post hoc tests?

Interpreting the Results Experimenters use post hoc tests to

A One-Way Analysis of Variance Rachel's computed value of F was 7.23 and the table value of F was 3.88 at the .05 level.She should ____ the null hypothesis and conclude that her results were

The t Test What information do we need in order to find the critical value of t?

Which Test Do I Use? Jack is designing a two-group experiment and asks you which statistical test he should use.The first question you should ask him is:

The t Test If there are at least ___ subjects in each treatment group, a t test is probably safe from violations of its assumptions.

Which Test Do I Use? Which two scales provide the most information about magnitude and are preferred by researchers?

The t Test Compared to a t test for matched groups, the critical value for a t test for independent groups is

Analyzing Data from a Between-Subjects Factorial Experiment How many F ratios must we calculate for a two-way analysis of variance?

Analyzing Multiple Groups and Factorial Experiments The analysis of variance

Statistics for Two Group Experiments Researchers use the ____ to analyze ordinal data obtained from multiple independent groups.

Sources of Variability We call variability due to random errors, subject variables, and treatment effects

The t Test When we draw small and large samples from the same population, small samples

The t Test Jeremy plans to use a two-tailed t test to evaluate the results of his experiment.If he uses a one-tailed t test instead, the

The t Test The American Psychological Association's Publication Manual recommends that

The t Test Quinn's computed t statistic is 1.79 and the critical value is 1.79.What should she decide if she is using a significance level of p < .05?

Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method

Research Ethics

Alternatives to Experimentation: Nonexperimental Designs

Alternatives to Experimentation: Surveys and Interviews

Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Formulating the Hypothesis

The Basics of Experimentation

Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables

Basic Between-Subjects Designs

Between-Subjects Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Within-Subjects Designs: Small N

Why We Need Statistics

Drawing Conclusions: the Search for the Elusive Bottom Line

Writing the Research Report

Filters

Exam 14: Analyzing Results

Interpreting the Results How do a priori tests differ from post hoc tests?

Interpreting the Results Experimenters use post hoc tests to

A One-Way Analysis of Variance Rachel's computed value of F was 7.23 and the table value of F was 3.88 at the .05 level.She should ____ the null hypothesis and conclude that her results were

The t Test What information do we need in order to find the critical value of t?

Which Test Do I Use? Jack is designing a two-group experiment and asks you which statistical test he should use.The first question you should ask him is:

The t Test If there are at least ___ subjects in each treatment group, a t test is probably safe from violations of its assumptions.

Which Test Do I Use? Which two scales provide the most information about magnitude and are preferred by researchers?

The t Test Compared to a t test for matched groups, the critical value for a t test for independent groups is

Analyzing Data from a Between-Subjects Factorial Experiment How many F ratios must we calculate for a two-way analysis of variance?

Analyzing Multiple Groups and Factorial Experiments The analysis of variance

Statistics for Two Group Experiments Researchers use the ____ to analyze ordinal data obtained from multiple independent groups.

Sources of Variability We call variability due to random errors, subject variables, and treatment effects

The t Test When we draw small and large samples from the same population, small samples

The t Test Jeremy plans to use a two-tailed t test to evaluate the results of his experiment.If he uses a one-tailed t test instead, the

The t Test The American Psychological Association's Publication Manual recommends that

The t Test Quinn's computed t statistic is 1.79 and the critical value is 1.79.What should she decide if she is using a significance level of p < .05?

Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method

Research Ethics

Alternatives to Experimentation: Nonexperimental Designs

Alternatives to Experimentation: Surveys and Interviews

Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Formulating the Hypothesis

The Basics of Experimentation

Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables

Basic Between-Subjects Designs

Between-Subjects Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Within-Subjects Designs: Small N

Why We Need Statistics

Drawing Conclusions: the Search for the Elusive Bottom Line

Writing the Research Report

Filters