Question 1

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Reverse counterbalancing only controls for progressive error if the error is

Accepted Answer

A) curvilinear. 
B) linear. 
C) nonlinear. 
D) nonmonotonic. 
A) curvilinear. 
B) linear. 
C) nonlinear. 
D) nonmonotonic.

Question 2

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Researchers use partial counterbalancing procedures when

Accepted Answer

A) carryover effects threaten internal validity. 
B) progressive error is nonlinear. 
C) there are insufficient subjects for complete counterbalancing. 
D) they want to run subjects through each treatment condition twice. 
A) carryover effects threaten internal validity. 
B) progressive error is nonlinear. 
C) there are insufficient subjects for complete counterbalancing. 
D) they want to run subjects through each treatment condition twice.

Question 3

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Block randomization controls

Accepted Answer

A) asymmetrical carryover effects. 
B) linear progressive error. 
C) nonlinear progressive error. 
D) linear and nonlinear progressive error. 
A) asymmetrical carryover effects. 
B) linear progressive error. 
C) nonlinear progressive error. 
D) linear and nonlinear progressive error.

Question 4

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Whenever changes in performance occur because a condition falls in different places in a series of treatments, there is confounding due to

Accepted Answer

A) carryover effects. 
B) interference effects. 
C) maturation effects. 
D) order effects. 
A) carryover effects. 
B) interference effects. 
C) maturation effects. 
D) order effects.

Question 5

Advantages of a Within-Subjects Design A within-subjects design primarily controls for ____ variables.

Accepted Answer

A) context 
B) physical 
C) subject 
D) task 
A) context 
B) physical 
C) subject 
D) task

Question 6

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs In which of these designs might confounding due to order effects be a problem?

Accepted Answer

A) between-subjects design 
B) matched groups design 
C) within-subjects design 
D) matched groups design and within-subjects design 
A) between-subjects design 
B) matched groups design 
C) within-subjects design 
D) matched groups design and within-subjects design

Question 7

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Counterbalancing procedures

Accepted Answer

A) are necessary when there are large individual differences on the dependent variable. 
B) distribute progressive error across different treatment conditions. 
C) eliminate progressive error from an experiment. 
D) randomize treatment order. 
A) are necessary when there are large individual differences on the dependent variable. 
B) distribute progressive error across different treatment conditions. 
C) eliminate progressive error from an experiment. 
D) randomize treatment order.

Question 8

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs The experimenter assigned Robbie to all treatment conditions twice.He experienced the treatments first in one order and then in the opposite order.Which counterbalancing procedure did the experimenter use?

Accepted Answer

A) across-subjects counterbalancing 
B) balanced Latin square counterbalancing 
C) block randomization 
D) reverse counterbalancing 
A) across-subjects counterbalancing 
B) balanced Latin square counterbalancing 
C) block randomization 
D) reverse counterbalancing

Question 9

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs ____ controls progressive error by presenting several complete sets of treatments, each in a different random order, to every subject.

Accepted Answer

A) Across-subjects counterbalancing 
B) Balanced Latin square counterbalancing 
C) Block randomization 
D) Reverse counterbalancing 
A) Across-subjects counterbalancing 
B) Balanced Latin square counterbalancing 
C) Block randomization 
D) Reverse counterbalancing

Question 10

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Which of the following best illustrates the problem of carryover effects?

Accepted Answer

A) An experimenter changes scoring procedures as an experiment progresses. 
B) Solving the first anagram facilitates solving later anagrams. 
C) Subjects always perform best on the last set of problems in a random series. 
D) Subjects tire and make more mistakes as they solve puzzles in each treatment condition. 
A) An experimenter changes scoring procedures as an experiment progresses. 
B) Solving the first anagram facilitates solving later anagrams. 
C) Subjects always perform best on the last set of problems in a random series. 
D) Subjects tire and make more mistakes as they solve puzzles in each treatment condition.

Question 11

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Chastity wants to use complete counterbalancing with four treatment conditions in a within-subjects design.How many subjects will she need?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 12 
D) 24 
A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 12 
D) 24

Question 12

Introduction All of the following questions invite a within-subjects approach except:

Accepted Answer

A) Do additional reviews of class notes yield better exam scores? 
B) Do subjects prefer white wines when they are served chilled or at room temperature? 
C) Do subjects with an internal locus of control learn to slow their heart rate more easily than those with an external locus of control? 
D) Do you improve each time you take the same GRE practice test? 
A) Do additional reviews of class notes yield better exam scores? 
B) Do subjects prefer white wines when they are served chilled or at room temperature? 
C) Do subjects with an internal locus of control learn to slow their heart rate more easily than those with an external locus of control? 
D) Do you improve each time you take the same GRE practice test?

Question 13

Disadvantages of a Within-Subjects Design A within-subjects design would be either impossible or useless for

Accepted Answer

A) estimating line length for different line orientations. 
B) learning the same list of words using different study strategies. 
C) studying driving simulator performance on separate days under different blood alcohol levels. 
D) tracking a visual target using different computer displays. 
A) estimating line length for different line orientations. 
B) learning the same list of words using different study strategies. 
C) studying driving simulator performance on separate days under different blood alcohol levels. 
D) tracking a visual target using different computer displays.

Question 14

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Latin square counterbalancing

Accepted Answer

A) controls systematic interference between treatment conditions. 
B) is a form of subject-by-subject counterbalancing. 
C) reduces carryover effects. 
D) reduces order effects. 
A) controls systematic interference between treatment conditions. 
B) is a form of subject-by-subject counterbalancing. 
C) reduces carryover effects. 
D) reduces order effects.

Question 15

Advantages of a Within-Subjects Design All of these could practically limit the use of a within-subjects design except

Accepted Answer

A) only a few subjects may be available to participate. 
B) subjects may become fatigued across repeated testing sessions. 
C) the experimenter may need to recalibrate equipment before each treatment condition. 
D) the experimenter may need to schedule each subject for several hours of testing. 
A) only a few subjects may be available to participate. 
B) subjects may become fatigued across repeated testing sessions. 
C) the experimenter may need to recalibrate equipment before each treatment condition. 
D) the experimenter may need to schedule each subject for several hours of testing.

Question 16

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs If a researcher assigned each subject to the following sequence of five sets of treatments, BDCA DBAC ACDB CABD BADC, she used

Accepted Answer

A) across-subjects counterbalancing. 
B) balanced Latin square counterbalancing. 
C) block randomization. 
D) reverse counterbalancing. 
A) across-subjects counterbalancing. 
B) balanced Latin square counterbalancing. 
C) block randomization. 
D) reverse counterbalancing.

Question 17

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs ____ counterbalancing controls for progressive error for each individual subject and presents all treatment conditions more than once.

Accepted Answer

A) Across-subjects 
B) Complete 
C) Partial 
D) Subject-by-subject 
A) Across-subjects 
B) Complete 
C) Partial 
D) Subject-by-subject

Question 18

Advantages of a Within-Subjects Design A researcher has a better chance of detecting the effect of the independent variable using a within-subjects design because

Accepted Answer

A) each subject goes through each treatment condition more than once. 
B) each subject serves as his or her own control. 
C) the experimenter can more precisely manipulate the independent variable than in a between-subjects design. 
D) the experimenter compares subjects against each other. 
A) each subject goes through each treatment condition more than once. 
B) each subject serves as his or her own control. 
C) the experimenter can more precisely manipulate the independent variable than in a between-subjects design. 
D) the experimenter compares subjects against each other.

Question 19

Disadvantages of a Within-Subjects Design The hypothetical study of car-buying preferences was based on the premise that the type of car people first learn to drive influences later purchasing decisions.This study could not use a within-subjects design because

Accepted Answer

A) it would be hopelessly confounded by order effects. 
B) researchers cannot manipulate the first car subjects learn to drive. 
C) subjects can only participate in one condition (compact or smaller car). 
D) there are large individual differences in car-buying preferences. 
A) it would be hopelessly confounded by order effects. 
B) researchers cannot manipulate the first car subjects learn to drive. 
C) subjects can only participate in one condition (compact or smaller car). 
D) there are large individual differences in car-buying preferences.

Question 20

A Within-Subjects Experiment: Homophone Priming of Proper Names In a ____ design, subjects participate in all levels of two or more independent variables.

Accepted Answer

A) between-subjects factorial 
B) independent groups 
C) multiple independent groups 
D) within-subjects factorial 
A) between-subjects factorial 
B) independent groups 
C) multiple independent groups 
D) within-subjects factorial

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Reverse counterbalancing only controls for progressive error if the error is

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Researchers use partial counterbalancing procedures when

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Block randomization controls

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Whenever changes in performance occur because a condition falls in different places in a series of treatments, there is confounding due to

Advantages of a Within-Subjects Design A within-subjects design primarily controls for ____ variables.

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs In which of these designs might confounding due to order effects be a problem?

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Counterbalancing procedures

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs The experimenter assigned Robbie to all treatment conditions twice.He experienced the treatments first in one order and then in the opposite order.Which counterbalancing procedure did the experimenter use?

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs ____ controls progressive error by presenting several complete sets of treatments, each in a different random order, to every subject.

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Which of the following best illustrates the problem of carryover effects?

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Chastity wants to use complete counterbalancing with four treatment conditions in a within-subjects design.How many subjects will she need?

Introduction All of the following questions invite a within-subjects approach except:

Disadvantages of a Within-Subjects Design A within-subjects design would be either impossible or useless for

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Latin square counterbalancing

Advantages of a Within-Subjects Design All of these could practically limit the use of a within-subjects design except

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs If a researcher assigned each subject to the following sequence of five sets of treatments, BDCA DBAC ACDB CABD BADC, she used

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs ____ counterbalancing controls for progressive error for each individual subject and presents all treatment conditions more than once.

Advantages of a Within-Subjects Design A researcher has a better chance of detecting the effect of the independent variable using a within-subjects design because

Disadvantages of a Within-Subjects Design The hypothetical study of car-buying preferences was based on the premise that the type of car people first learn to drive influences later purchasing decisions.This study could not use a within-subjects design because

A Within-Subjects Experiment: Homophone Priming of Proper Names In a ____ design, subjects participate in all levels of two or more independent variables.

Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method

Research Ethics

Alternatives to Experimentation: Nonexperimental Designs

Alternatives to Experimentation: Surveys and Interviews

Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Formulating the Hypothesis

The Basics of Experimentation

Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables

Basic Between-Subjects Designs

Between-Subjects Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs: Small N

Why We Need Statistics

Analyzing Results

Drawing Conclusions: the Search for the Elusive Bottom Line

Writing the Research Report

Filters

Exam 11: Within-Subjects Designs

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Reverse counterbalancing only controls for progressive error if the error is

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Researchers use partial counterbalancing procedures when

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Block randomization controls

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Whenever changes in performance occur because a condition falls in different places in a series of treatments, there is confounding due to

Advantages of a Within-Subjects Design A within-subjects design primarily controls for ____ variables.

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs In which of these designs might confounding due to order effects be a problem?

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Counterbalancing procedures

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs The experimenter assigned Robbie to all treatment conditions twice.He experienced the treatments first in one order and then in the opposite order.Which counterbalancing procedure did the experimenter use?

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs ____ controls progressive error by presenting several complete sets of treatments, each in a different random order, to every subject.

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Which of the following best illustrates the problem of carryover effects?

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Chastity wants to use complete counterbalancing with four treatment conditions in a within-subjects design.How many subjects will she need?

Introduction All of the following questions invite a within-subjects approach except:

Disadvantages of a Within-Subjects Design A within-subjects design would be either impossible or useless for

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs Latin square counterbalancing

Advantages of a Within-Subjects Design All of these could practically limit the use of a within-subjects design except

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs If a researcher assigned each subject to the following sequence of five sets of treatments, BDCA DBAC ACDB CABD BADC, she used

Controlling Within-Subjects Designs ____ counterbalancing controls for progressive error for each individual subject and presents all treatment conditions more than once.

Advantages of a Within-Subjects Design A researcher has a better chance of detecting the effect of the independent variable using a within-subjects design because

Disadvantages of a Within-Subjects Design The hypothetical study of car-buying preferences was based on the premise that the type of car people first learn to drive influences later purchasing decisions.This study could not use a within-subjects design because

A Within-Subjects Experiment: Homophone Priming of Proper Names In a ____ design, subjects participate in all levels of two or more independent variables.

Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method

Research Ethics

Alternatives to Experimentation: Nonexperimental Designs

Alternatives to Experimentation: Surveys and Interviews

Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Formulating the Hypothesis

The Basics of Experimentation

Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables

Basic Between-Subjects Designs

Between-Subjects Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs: Small N

Why We Need Statistics

Analyzing Results

Drawing Conclusions: the Search for the Elusive Bottom Line

Writing the Research Report

Filters