Question 1

Aerobic respiration became established as a result of the evolution of

Accepted Answer

A) the first proto-cells. 
B) the first true cells. 
C) metabolism. 
D) the cyclic pathway of photosynthesis. 
E) the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis. 
A) the first proto-cells. 
B) the first true cells. 
C) metabolism. 
D) the cyclic pathway of photosynthesis. 
E) the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis. E

Question 2

Simulation experiments like those first performed by Stanley Miller in 1953 demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

A) DNA forms readily and reproduces itself under abiotic conditions. 
B) many of the organic compounds required for life can form under abiotic conditions. 
C) prokaryotic cells form under simulated primitive atmosphere conditions. 
D) membranes eventually form under simulated primitive atmosphere conditions. 
E) none of these are true. 
A) DNA forms readily and reproduces itself under abiotic conditions. 
B) many of the organic compounds required for life can form under abiotic conditions. 
C) prokaryotic cells form under simulated primitive atmosphere conditions. 
D) membranes eventually form under simulated primitive atmosphere conditions. 
E) none of these are true. B

Question 3

Who demonstrated the possibility of producing organic compounds from gases and water if the mixture is exposed to energy?

Accepted Answer

A) Stanley Miller 
B) Thomas Brock   
C) Australian researchers 
D) Jeon Kwang 
E) Lynn Margulis 
A) Stanley Miller 
B) Thomas Brock   
C) Australian researchers 
D) Jeon Kwang 
E) Lynn Margulis A

Question 4

The figure above represents

Accepted Answer

A) the algae that were to give rise to plants. 
B) protists. 
C) fungi. 
D) soil bacterium with primitive membrane folds. 
E) all of these. 
A) the algae that were to give rise to plants. 
B) protists. 
C) fungi. 
D) soil bacterium with primitive membrane folds. 
E) all of these.

Question 5

Fossils indicate that the first cells were similar to existing

Accepted Answer

A) viruses. 
B) fungi. 
C) prokaryotes. 
D) eukaryotes. 
E) algae. 
A) viruses. 
B) fungi. 
C) prokaryotes. 
D) eukaryotes. 
E) algae.

Question 6

Chemical evolution started on Earth

Accepted Answer

A) after the appearance of prokaryotic cells. 
B) long before any cells emerged. 
C) after the appearance of eukaryotic cells. 
D) after the appearance of eukaryotic cells but before the appearance of multicellular organisms. 
E) after the appearance of multicellular organisms. 
A) after the appearance of prokaryotic cells. 
B) long before any cells emerged. 
C) after the appearance of eukaryotic cells. 
D) after the appearance of eukaryotic cells but before the appearance of multicellular organisms. 
E) after the appearance of multicellular organisms.

Question 7

The earliest known organism capable of sexual reproduction is a type of

Accepted Answer

A) virus. 
B) bacterium. 
C) alga. 
D) animal-like protist. 
E) fungus. 
A) virus. 
B) bacterium. 
C) alga. 
D) animal-like protist. 
E) fungus.

Question 8

Which of the following is the strongest evidence for the idea that present-day eukaryotic aerobes are the descendants of the successful symbiotic association of anaerobes and aerobes?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitochondria can produce ATP. 
B) A mitochondrion can survive indefinitely when removed from a eukaryotic cell. 
C) A mitochondrion has its own set of DNA molecules. 
D) Fossilized mitochondria are older than the oldest fossilized eukaryotes. 
E) All eukaryotic cells have mitochondria. 
A) Mitochondria can produce ATP. 
B) A mitochondrion can survive indefinitely when removed from a eukaryotic cell. 
C) A mitochondrion has its own set of DNA molecules. 
D) Fossilized mitochondria are older than the oldest fossilized eukaryotes. 
E) All eukaryotic cells have mitochondria.

Question 9

The first eukaryotic fossils are dated to about

Accepted Answer

A) 3.8 billion years ago. 
B) 2.1 billion years ago. 
C) 1.5 billion years ago. 
D) 750 million years ago. 
E) 201 million years ago. 
A) 3.8 billion years ago. 
B) 2.1 billion years ago. 
C) 1.5 billion years ago. 
D) 750 million years ago. 
E) 201 million years ago.

Question 10

One hypothesis concerning the origin of the abiotic synthesis of proteins holds that these proteins formed on and were bound and protected by

Accepted Answer

A) oceanic stratified mica crystals. 
B) clay compounds in tidal flats. 
C) sediments in the oceans. 
D) oceanic metal ores. 
E) none of these. 
A) oceanic stratified mica crystals. 
B) clay compounds in tidal flats. 
C) sediments in the oceans. 
D) oceanic metal ores. 
E) none of these.

Question 11

The by-product of the metabolism of cyanobacteria that had the most effect on the further evolution of life is

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen gas. 
B) carbon dioxide. 
C) water. 
D) nitrogen gas. 
E) hydrogen gas. 
A) oxygen gas. 
B) carbon dioxide. 
C) water. 
D) nitrogen gas. 
E) hydrogen gas.

Question 12

After the discovery of T.aquaticus, biologists found forms of life adapted to extraordinary levels of

Accepted Answer

A) acidity. 
B) alkalinity. 
C) salinity. 
D) pressure. 
E) all of these. 
A) acidity. 
B) alkalinity. 
C) salinity. 
D) pressure. 
E) all of these.

Question 13

Which of the following conditions if present in the earth's primitive atmosphere would have made the emergence of life impossible?

Accepted Answer

A) low concentration of carbon dioxide 
B) high concentration hydrogen sulfide 
C) high concentration of oxygen 
D) high concentration of hydrogen 
E) high concentration of nitrogen 
A) low concentration of carbon dioxide 
B) high concentration hydrogen sulfide 
C) high concentration of oxygen 
D) high concentration of hydrogen 
E) high concentration of nitrogen

Question 14

The bacterium Thermus aquaticus proved to be important in biology because

Accepted Answer

A) it put researchers on a path that led to the great domain of life, the Archaea. 
B) it makes a heat resistant enzyme. 
C) its heat-resistant enzyme can catalyze the polymerase chain reaction. 
D) synthetic forms of its heat-resistant enzyme triggered a revolution in biotechnology. 
E) all of these are true. 
A) it put researchers on a path that led to the great domain of life, the Archaea. 
B) it makes a heat resistant enzyme. 
C) its heat-resistant enzyme can catalyze the polymerase chain reaction. 
D) synthetic forms of its heat-resistant enzyme triggered a revolution in biotechnology. 
E) all of these are true.

Question 15

Chloroplasts

Accepted Answer

A) resemble photosynthetic bacteria. 
B) utilize the same pigments regardless of what organism they are in. 
C) apparently evolved from mitochondria. 
D) utilize DNA derived from the nucleus. 
E) are all of these. 
A) resemble photosynthetic bacteria. 
B) utilize the same pigments regardless of what organism they are in. 
C) apparently evolved from mitochondria. 
D) utilize DNA derived from the nucleus. 
E) are all of these.

Question 16

According to astronomers, the universe is

Accepted Answer

A) contracting. 
B) getting warmer. 
C) the same as it was on the day of creation. 
D) collapsing. 
E) expanding. 
A) contracting. 
B) getting warmer. 
C) the same as it was on the day of creation. 
D) collapsing. 
E) expanding.

Question 17

Aerobic respiration evolved in

Accepted Answer

A) some bacteria. 
B) some archea. 
C) animals. 
D) mitochondria. 
E) in some bacteria and some archea. 
A) some bacteria. 
B) some archea. 
C) animals. 
D) mitochondria. 
E) in some bacteria and some archea.

Question 18

Which of the following is the probable basis for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A) Cells eat each other. 
B) Light is an energy source. 
C) ATP can carry energy. 
D) Oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis. 
E) Energy can be transformed from one form to another. 
A) Cells eat each other. 
B) Light is an energy source. 
C) ATP can carry energy. 
D) Oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis. 
E) Energy can be transformed from one form to another.

Question 19

The first cells were

Accepted Answer

A) autotrophic. 
B) parasitic. 
C) anaerobic. 
D) aerobic. 
E) all of these. 
A) autotrophic. 
B) parasitic. 
C) anaerobic. 
D) aerobic. 
E) all of these.

Question 20

Astrobiology seeks to answer all of the following questions EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) What is necessary for life to persist.. 
B) Is there life on other planets. 
C) What conditions allowed life to form on earth. 
D) Can we colonize other planets with life from earth. 
E) All of these are true. 
A) What is necessary for life to persist.. 
B) Is there life on other planets. 
C) What conditions allowed life to form on earth. 
D) Can we colonize other planets with life from earth. 
E) All of these are true.

Exam 20: The Origin and Evolution of Life

Aerobic respiration became established as a result of the evolution of

Simulation experiments like those first performed by Stanley Miller in 1953 demonstrate that

Who demonstrated the possibility of producing organic compounds from gases and water if the mixture is exposed to energy?

The figure above represents

Fossils indicate that the first cells were similar to existing

Chemical evolution started on Earth

The earliest known organism capable of sexual reproduction is a type of

Which of the following is the strongest evidence for the idea that present-day eukaryotic aerobes are the descendants of the successful symbiotic association of anaerobes and aerobes?

The first eukaryotic fossils are dated to about

One hypothesis concerning the origin of the abiotic synthesis of proteins holds that these proteins formed on and were bound and protected by

The by-product of the metabolism of cyanobacteria that had the most effect on the further evolution of life is

After the discovery of T.aquaticus, biologists found forms of life adapted to extraordinary levels of

Which of the following conditions if present in the earth's primitive atmosphere would have made the emergence of life impossible?

The bacterium Thermus aquaticus proved to be important in biology because

Chloroplasts

According to astronomers, the universe is

Aerobic respiration evolved in

Which of the following is the probable basis for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

The first cells were

Astrobiology seeks to answer all of the following questions EXCEPT

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

A Closer Look at Cell Membranes

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

Energy-Releasing Pathways

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Controls Over Genes

Recombinant Dna and Genetic Engineering

The Macroevolutionary Puzzle

Emergence of Evolutionary Thought

Organizing Information About Species

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protists the Simplest Eukaryotes

Plants

Fungi

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animal Evolution the Chordates

Human Evolution: a Case Study

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction

Plant Growth and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Protection, Support, and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Structure and Biodiversity

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters