Question 1

The assumption that there was little free oxygen in the earth's first atmosphere is supported by evidence derived from the study of

Accepted Answer

A) ancient iron-containing rocks. 
B) the ancient atmosphere. 
C) oceanic sediments. 
D) moon rocks that formed at the same time as the earth. 
E) none of these. 
A) ancient iron-containing rocks. 
B) the ancient atmosphere. 
C) oceanic sediments. 
D) moon rocks that formed at the same time as the earth. 
E) none of these.

Question 2

The first major divergence of life gave rise to all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria. 
B) archea. 
C) ancestors of the eukaryotes. 
D) endomembrane system. 
E) all of these. 
A) bacteria. 
B) archea. 
C) ancestors of the eukaryotes. 
D) endomembrane system. 
E) all of these.

Question 3

During the first major divergence of life the atmosphere was

Accepted Answer

A) high oxygen, high carbon dioxide. 
B) high hydrogen, low oxygen. 
C) changing from anaerobic to aerobic. 
D) firmly in the age of aerobes. 
E) all of these. 
A) high oxygen, high carbon dioxide. 
B) high hydrogen, low oxygen. 
C) changing from anaerobic to aerobic. 
D) firmly in the age of aerobes. 
E) all of these.

Question 4

Many organic compounds essential for life do NOT assemble spontaneously in the presence of

Accepted Answer

A) high concentrations of hydrogen. 
B) high concentrations of oxygen. 
C) low concentrations of carbon dioxide. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) hydrogen sulfide. 
A) high concentrations of hydrogen. 
B) high concentrations of oxygen. 
C) low concentrations of carbon dioxide. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) hydrogen sulfide.

Question 5

The formation of amino acids under abiotic conditions was important because they serve as

Accepted Answer

A) a supply of structural units for proteins. 
B) enzymes to catalyze reactions. 
C) subunits in the formation of DNA. 
D) subunits in the formation of RNA. 
E) subunits for the formation of lipids. 
A) a supply of structural units for proteins. 
B) enzymes to catalyze reactions. 
C) subunits in the formation of DNA. 
D) subunits in the formation of RNA. 
E) subunits for the formation of lipids.

Question 6

The endomembrane system did not start developing until the atmosphere was

Accepted Answer

A) high oxygen, high carbon dioxide. 
B) high hydrogen, low oxygen. 
C) changing from low oxygen to high oxygen. 
D) firmly in the age of aerobes. 
E) all of these. 
A) high oxygen, high carbon dioxide. 
B) high hydrogen, low oxygen. 
C) changing from low oxygen to high oxygen. 
D) firmly in the age of aerobes. 
E) all of these.

Question 7

Chloroplasts are thought to have originated as endosymbiotic associations when aerobic bacteria engulfed photosynthetic cells.This relationship was favored by the production of ___________ by the endosymbiont.

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) hydrogen ions 
C) ATP 
D) oxygen 
E) water 
A) glucose 
B) hydrogen ions 
C) ATP 
D) oxygen 
E) water

Question 8

Hydrothermal vents are associated with the newest theory on early cell evolution.Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Synthesis of organic material occurs in superheated mineral rich water. 
B) Iron-sulfide molecules may act as cofactors for organic material production. 
C) Rock formed under these conditions has small pits about the size of an average cell. 
D) Under these conditions iron sulfide would donate hydrogen to carbon dioxide to form organics. 
E) All of these are true. 
A) Synthesis of organic material occurs in superheated mineral rich water. 
B) Iron-sulfide molecules may act as cofactors for organic material production. 
C) Rock formed under these conditions has small pits about the size of an average cell. 
D) Under these conditions iron sulfide would donate hydrogen to carbon dioxide to form organics. 
E) All of these are true.

Question 9

The solar system is about how many years old?

Accepted Answer

A) about 12 billion 
B) about 4.6 billion 
C) 750 million 
D) 400 million 
E) 200 million 
A) about 12 billion 
B) about 4.6 billion 
C) 750 million 
D) 400 million 
E) 200 million

Question 10

Mitochondria resemble bacteria in

Accepted Answer

A) size. 
B) structure. 
C) that they contain DNA. 
D) that they divide independently. 
E) all of these. 
A) size. 
B) structure. 
C) that they contain DNA. 
D) that they divide independently. 
E) all of these.

Question 11

Contemporary hypotheses concerned with the origin of life focus on what two characteristics of living systems?

Accepted Answer

A) energy conversion and biosynthesis 
B) self-replication and energy conversion 
C) plasma membranes and self-replication 
D) growth and development 
E) adaptation and responsiveness 
A) energy conversion and biosynthesis 
B) self-replication and energy conversion 
C) plasma membranes and self-replication 
D) growth and development 
E) adaptation and responsiveness

Question 12

What step occurred first in the evolution of life?

Accepted Answer

A) formation of DNA 
B) formation of protein-RNA systems 
C) formation of membrane-bound proto-cells 
D) spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions 
E) formation of ATP 
A) formation of DNA 
B) formation of protein-RNA systems 
C) formation of membrane-bound proto-cells 
D) spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions 
E) formation of ATP

Question 13

Which step in the evolution of life is the most complex and probably occurred last?

Accepted Answer

A) formation of DNA 
B) formation of protein-RNA systems 
C) formation of membrane-bound proto-cells 
D) spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions 
E) formation of ATP 
A) formation of DNA 
B) formation of protein-RNA systems 
C) formation of membrane-bound proto-cells 
D) spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions 
E) formation of ATP

Question 14

An hypothesis currently getting a lot of attention concerning the origin of biological molecules is that they originated

Accepted Answer

A) in hot springs. 
B) near volcanoes. 
C) near hydrothermal oceanic vents. 
D) in salt lakes. 
E) in tidal pools. 
A) in hot springs. 
B) near volcanoes. 
C) near hydrothermal oceanic vents. 
D) in salt lakes. 
E) in tidal pools.

Question 15

The mitochondrion

Accepted Answer

A) has its own DNA. 
B) DNA has few noncoding regions between genes.. 
C) resembles bacteria in size.. 
D) resembles bacteria in structure.. 
E) is all of these. 
A) has its own DNA. 
B) DNA has few noncoding regions between genes.. 
C) resembles bacteria in size.. 
D) resembles bacteria in structure.. 
E) is all of these.

Question 16

By 3.2 billion years ago, chemosynthetic cells had become established

Accepted Answer

A) near deep-sea hydrothermal vents. 
B) in salt lakes. 
C) in hot, highly acidic, fresh-water springs. 
D) in deep oceanic sediments. 
E) in the upper sunlit waters of the open oceans. 
A) near deep-sea hydrothermal vents. 
B) in salt lakes. 
C) in hot, highly acidic, fresh-water springs. 
D) in deep oceanic sediments. 
E) in the upper sunlit waters of the open oceans.

Question 17

According to the endosymbiotic theory, eukaryotic cells evolved after and as a consequence of

Accepted Answer

A) the cyclic pathway of photosynthesis. 
B) anaerobic respiration. 
C) cell division. 
D) the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis. 
E) chemosynthesis. 
A) the cyclic pathway of photosynthesis. 
B) anaerobic respiration. 
C) cell division. 
D) the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis. 
E) chemosynthesis.

Question 18

The extensive infolding of eukaryotic membranes form structures that allow for

Accepted Answer

A) the concentration of nutrients. 
B) greater surface area for metabolism. 
C) the transport of proteins. 
D) the protection of metabolic machinery. 
E) all of these. 
A) the concentration of nutrients. 
B) greater surface area for metabolism. 
C) the transport of proteins. 
D) the protection of metabolic machinery. 
E) all of these.

Question 19

Life probably would never have emerged on Earth if the ancient atmosphere had been the same as the present one in regard to

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide. 
B) hydrogen. 
C) oxygen. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) carbon monoxide. 
A) carbon dioxide. 
B) hydrogen. 
C) oxygen. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) carbon monoxide.

Question 20

The endosymbiotic theory is supported by the work of __________ on bacteria-infected Amoeba proteus.

Accepted Answer

A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jeon Kwang 
C) Thomas Brock 
D) Lynn Margulis 
E) Australian researchers 
A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jeon Kwang 
C) Thomas Brock 
D) Lynn Margulis 
E) Australian researchers

Exam 20: The Origin and Evolution of Life

The assumption that there was little free oxygen in the earth's first atmosphere is supported by evidence derived from the study of

The first major divergence of life gave rise to all of the following except

During the first major divergence of life the atmosphere was

Many organic compounds essential for life do NOT assemble spontaneously in the presence of

The formation of amino acids under abiotic conditions was important because they serve as

The endomembrane system did not start developing until the atmosphere was

Chloroplasts are thought to have originated as endosymbiotic associations when aerobic bacteria engulfed photosynthetic cells.This relationship was favored by the production of ___________ by the endosymbiont.

Hydrothermal vents are associated with the newest theory on early cell evolution.Which of the following is a true statement?

The solar system is about how many years old?

Mitochondria resemble bacteria in

Contemporary hypotheses concerned with the origin of life focus on what two characteristics of living systems?

What step occurred first in the evolution of life?

Which step in the evolution of life is the most complex and probably occurred last?

An hypothesis currently getting a lot of attention concerning the origin of biological molecules is that they originated

The mitochondrion

By 3.2 billion years ago, chemosynthetic cells had become established

According to the endosymbiotic theory, eukaryotic cells evolved after and as a consequence of

The extensive infolding of eukaryotic membranes form structures that allow for

Life probably would never have emerged on Earth if the ancient atmosphere had been the same as the present one in regard to

The endosymbiotic theory is supported by the work of __________ on bacteria-infected Amoeba proteus.

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

A Closer Look at Cell Membranes

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

Energy-Releasing Pathways

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Controls Over Genes

Recombinant Dna and Genetic Engineering

The Macroevolutionary Puzzle

Emergence of Evolutionary Thought

Organizing Information About Species

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protists the Simplest Eukaryotes

Plants

Fungi

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animal Evolution the Chordates

Human Evolution: a Case Study

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction

Plant Growth and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Protection, Support, and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Structure and Biodiversity

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters