Question 1

In this equation   , what particle or type of radiation needs to be included on the right-hand side in order to balance it?

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha 
B)  beta 
C)  gamma 
D)  positron 
E)  proton 
A)  alpha 
B)  beta 
C)  gamma 
D)  positron 
E)  proton D

Question 2

Carbon-14 will emit a $\beta$ particle with an energy of 0.1565 MeV. What is this energy in joules?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0 * 10¯24 J 
B)  2.5 * 10¯20 J 
C)  1.0 * 10¯18 J 
D)  2.5 * 10¯14 J 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  1.0 * 10¯24 J 
B)  2.5 * 10¯20 J 
C)  1.0 * 10¯18 J 
D)  2.5 * 10¯14 J 
E)  None of these choices is correct. D

Question 3

It is believed that two carbon-12 nuclei can react in the core of a supergiant star to form sodium-23 and hydrogen-1. Calculate the energy released from this reaction for each mole of hydrogen formed. The masses of carbon-12, sodium-23, and hydrogen-1 are 12.0000 amu, 22.989767 amu, and 1.007825, respectively.

Accepted Answer

A)  2.16*1014 kJ 
B)  2.16 * 1011 kJ 
C)  2.16 * 108 kJ 
D)  2.16 * 105 kJ 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  2.16*1014 kJ 
B)  2.16 * 1011 kJ 
C)  2.16 * 108 kJ 
D)  2.16 * 105 kJ 
E)  None of these choices is correct. C

Question 4

The isotope   has a half-life of 21 hours. If a sample initially contains exactly 10,000 atoms of   , approximately how many of these atoms will remain after one week?

Accepted Answer

A)  1250 
B)  78 
C)  39 
D)  0 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  1250 
B)  78 
C)  39 
D)  0 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 5

An isotope with a low value of N/Z will generally decay through

Accepted Answer

A)  ($\alpha$ decay.) 
B)  ($\beta$ decay.) 
C)  ($\gamma$ decay.) 
D)  electron capture. 
E)  spontaneous fission. 
A)  ($\alpha$ decay.) 
B)  ($\beta$ decay.) 
C)  ($\gamma$ decay.) 
D)  electron capture. 
E)  spontaneous fission.

Question 6

The nuclide Pb-210 undergoes three successive decays (beta, alpha, and beta, respectively) to form a stable nuclide. What are the three nuclides which form from Pb-210 in this decay series?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tl-210, Au-206, Pt-206 
B)  Bi-210, Tl-206, Pb-206 
C)  Pb-209, Hg-205, Hg-204 
D)  Bi-210, Pb-206, Bi-206 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  Tl-210, Au-206, Pt-206 
B)  Bi-210, Tl-206, Pb-206 
C)  Pb-209, Hg-205, Hg-204 
D)  Bi-210, Pb-206, Bi-206 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 7

11 Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction:

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 8

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

Accepted Answer

A)  the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are, therefore, more susceptible to the radiation. 
B)  the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult. 
C)  the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage. 
D)  the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation. 
E)  None of the above reasons is correct. 
A)  the child's cells are dividing more rapidly than the adult's and are, therefore, more susceptible to the radiation. 
B)  the child's smaller body size makes the effective dose larger for the child than for the adult. 
C)  the child's immune system is not developed well enough to resist damage. 
D)  the child's skin is not as thick as an adult's and cannot block as much radiation. 
E)  None of the above reasons is correct.

Question 9

A 55-kg person exposed to thorium-234 receives 7.5 * 104 $\beta$particles, each with an energy of 1.6 *10¯14 J. How many rads does the person receive?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.1 * 10¯19 
B)  1.2 * 10¯17 
C)  2.2 * 10¯9 
D)  1.2* 10¯9 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  2.1 * 10¯19 
B)  1.2 * 10¯17 
C)  2.2 * 10¯9 
D)  1.2* 10¯9 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 10

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 11

Bombardment of uranium-238 nuclei by carbon-12 nuclei produces californium-246 and neutrons. Write a complete, balanced equation for this nuclear process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bombardment of uranium-238 nuclei by carbon-12 nuclei...

Question 12

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation:

Accepted Answer

A)  2   
B)  3   
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)  2   
B)  3   
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 13

The isotope   has a half-life of 7.5 seconds. If a sample contains 144 atoms of   , approximately how many such atoms were present 30 seconds earlier?

Accepted Answer

A)  576 
B)  1152 
C)  2304 
D)  4320 
E)  4.30 * 108 
A)  576 
B)  1152 
C)  2304 
D)  4320 
E)  4.30 * 108

Question 14

The isotope   is unstable. This is predictable because

Accepted Answer

A)  N/Z $\neq$ 1. 
B)  N/Z is relatively low and Z < 20. 
C)  N/Z is relatively large and Z < 20. 
D)  Z is small. 
E)  N is large. 
A)  N/Z $\neq$ 1. 
B)  N/Z is relatively low and Z < 20. 
C)  N/Z is relatively large and Z < 20. 
D)  Z is small. 
E)  N is large.

Question 15

Detection of radiation by a Geiger-Müller counter depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the emission of a photon from an excited atom. 
B)  the ability of an ionized gas to carry an electrical current. 
C)  the emission of a photon of light by the radioactive particle. 
D)  the ability of a photomultiplier tube to amplify the electrical signal from a phosphor. 
E)  the detection of the sound made by decay particles. 
A)  the emission of a photon from an excited atom. 
B)  the ability of an ionized gas to carry an electrical current. 
C)  the emission of a photon of light by the radioactive particle. 
D)  the ability of a photomultiplier tube to amplify the electrical signal from a phosphor. 
E)  the detection of the sound made by decay particles.

Question 16

The isotopes of promethium,   and   , are unstable, and lie on opposite sides of the "line of stability." Which of the following combinations is most likely to represent the type of decay for these isotopes?

Accepted Answer

A)  promethium-144, $\beta$decay; promethium-134, positron decay 
B)  promethium-144, positron decay; promethium-134, $\beta$decay 
C)  promethium-144, positron decay; promethium-134, electron capture 
D)  promethium-144, electron capture; promethium-134, positron decay 
E)  promethium-144, $\beta$ decay; promethium-134, $\gamma$ decay 
A)  promethium-144, $\beta$decay; promethium-134, positron decay 
B)  promethium-144, positron decay; promethium-134, $\beta$decay 
C)  promethium-144, positron decay; promethium-134, electron capture 
D)  promethium-144, electron capture; promethium-134, positron decay 
E)  promethium-144, $\beta$ decay; promethium-134, $\gamma$ decay

Question 17

Explain how the number of protons and neutrons in a radioactive nucleus can be used to predict its probable mode of decay. Illustrate your answer with a schematic graph, properly labeled, showing stable nuclides (nuclei) in relation to number of protons and neutrons.

Accepted Answer

The "line of stability" on the accompany

Question 18

Which of the following types of radioactive decay does not produce new element?

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma emission 
B)  electron capture 
C)  beta emission 
D)  alpha emission 
E)  double beta emission 
A)  gamma emission 
B)  electron capture 
C)  beta emission 
D)  alpha emission 
E)  double beta emission

Question 19

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation:

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 20

refer to which of the following particles?

Accepted Answer

A)  protons only 
B)  electrons only 
C)  positrons only 
D)  neutrons only 
E)  protons and neutrons 
A)  protons only 
B)  electrons only 
C)  positrons only 
D)  neutrons only 
E)  protons and neutrons

Exam 24: Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

In this equation , what particle or type of radiation needs to be included on the right-hand side in order to balance it?

Carbon-14 will emit a β\betaβ particle with an energy of 0.1565 MeV. What is this energy in joules?

The isotope has a half-life of 21 hours. If a sample initially contains exactly 10,000 atoms of , approximately how many of these atoms will remain after one week?

An isotope with a low value of N/Z will generally decay through

The nuclide Pb-210 undergoes three successive decays (beta, alpha, and beta, respectively) to form a stable nuclide. What are the three nuclides which form from Pb-210 in this decay series?

11 Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction:

Exposure to 10 nCi for 10 minutes is more hazardous for a child than for an adult because

A 55-kg person exposed to thorium-234 receives 7.5 * 104 β\betaβ particles, each with an energy of 1.6 *10¯14 J. How many rads does the person receive?

Which of the following isotopes is most likely to be unstable?

Bombardment of uranium-238 nuclei by carbon-12 nuclei produces californium-246 and neutrons. Write a complete, balanced equation for this nuclear process.

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation:

The isotope has a half-life of 7.5 seconds. If a sample contains 144 atoms of , approximately how many such atoms were present 30 seconds earlier?

The isotope is unstable. This is predictable because

Detection of radiation by a Geiger-Müller counter depends on

The isotopes of promethium, and , are unstable, and lie on opposite sides of the "line of stability." Which of the following combinations is most likely to represent the type of decay for these isotopes?

Explain how the number of protons and neutrons in a radioactive nucleus can be used to predict its probable mode of decay. Illustrate your answer with a schematic graph, properly labeled, showing stable nuclides (nuclei) in relation to number of protons and neutrons.

Which of the following types of radioactive decay does not produce new element?

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation:

refer to which of the following particles?

Keys to the Study of Chemistry

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures: Solutions and Colloids

Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium: the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and the Direction of Chemical Reactions

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

The Elements in Nature and Industry

The Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Filters

Carbon-14 will emit a $\beta$ particle with an energy of 0.1565 MeV. What is this energy in joules?

A 55-kg person exposed to thorium-234 receives 7.5 * 10⁴ $\beta$ particles, each with an energy of 1.6 *10¯¹⁴ J. How many rads does the person receive?