Question 1

X-ray diffraction (XRD) makes use of the Bragg equation, in which$\theta$ is the

Accepted Answer

A) wavelength of the X-ray. 
B) the distance between layers of identical particles in the lattice. 
C) the angle of incidence of the X-ray beam. 
D) the dimension of the unit cell. 
E) the angle of diffraction of the X-ray beam. 
A) wavelength of the X-ray. 
B) the distance between layers of identical particles in the lattice. 
C) the angle of incidence of the X-ray beam. 
D) the dimension of the unit cell. 
E) the angle of diffraction of the X-ray beam.

Question 2

The most common allotrope of carbon is

Accepted Answer

A) coal. 
B) graphite. 
C) soot. 
D) diamond. 
E) fullerene. 
A) coal. 
B) graphite. 
C) soot. 
D) diamond. 
E) fullerene.

Question 3

In the cubic closest-packed structure of sodium chloride, which ions are touching or nearly touching? 
I.sodium ions and sodium ions
II.chloride ions and chloride ions
III.sodium ions and chloride ions

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) II and III only 
E) I and III only 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) II and III only 
E) I and III only

Question 4

The band structure of semiconductors differs from that of metal conductors in that

Accepted Answer

A) metal bands are relatively empty while semiconductor bands are nearly full. 
B) metal bands are nearly full while semiconductor bands are relatively empty. 
C) metal conduction bands are lower in energy than valence bands while semiconductor conduction bands are higher in energy than valence bands. 
D) metal conduction bands are higher in energy than valence bands while semiconductor conduction bands are lower in energy than valence bands. 
E) valence bands in metals are either partially empty or overlap with conduction bands while these bands in semiconductors are separated in energy by a small gap. 
A) metal bands are relatively empty while semiconductor bands are nearly full. 
B) metal bands are nearly full while semiconductor bands are relatively empty. 
C) metal conduction bands are lower in energy than valence bands while semiconductor conduction bands are higher in energy than valence bands. 
D) metal conduction bands are higher in energy than valence bands while semiconductor conduction bands are lower in energy than valence bands. 
E) valence bands in metals are either partially empty or overlap with conduction bands while these bands in semiconductors are separated in energy by a small gap.

Question 5

Tin has two common allotropes at atmospheric pressure.Gray tin, or $\alpha$-tin, is stable below a temperature of 13.2$\degree$C, and is a dull gray powder with essentially no electrical conductivity.White tin, or $\beta$-tin, is stable at or above room temperature, and is malleable, silvery-white, and conductive in three dimensions.Which of the following statements regarding these allotropes could be correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Gray tin adopts a structure similar to diamond. 
B) Gray tin adopts a structure similar to graphite. 
C) White tin is composed of clusters similar to fullerenes. 
D) White tin adopts a structure similar to diamond. 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) Gray tin adopts a structure similar to diamond. 
B) Gray tin adopts a structure similar to graphite. 
C) White tin is composed of clusters similar to fullerenes. 
D) White tin adopts a structure similar to diamond. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 6

Gold (Au) has a face-centered cubic structure with a unit cell edge length of 407.8 pm.What is the density of each individual gold atom?

Accepted Answer

A) 21.44 g/cm3 
B) 26.06 g/cm3 
C) 13.10 g/cm3 
D) 6.550 g/cm3 
E) 19.28 g/cm3 
A) 21.44 g/cm3 
B) 26.06 g/cm3 
C) 13.10 g/cm3 
D) 6.550 g/cm3 
E) 19.28 g/cm3

Question 7

What are two disadvantages of using pure metals in applications such as tools, weapons, and currency?

Accepted Answer

Pure metals can be s

Question 8

Which element could be used to dope silicon Si) to produce a p-type semiconductor?

Accepted Answer

A) boron (
B)  
B) carbon (
C)  
C) aluminum (Al) 
D) phosphorus (P) 
E) germanium (Ge) 
A) boron (
B)  
B) carbon (
C)  
C) aluminum (Al) 
D) phosphorus (P) 
E) germanium (Ge)

Question 9

If a body-centered cubic unit cell has a volume of 1.45 * 108 pm3, what must be the dimension of the cube's edge?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.13*108 pm 
B) 1.10 * 102 pm 
C) 1.20 * 104 pm 
D) 525 pm 
E) 367 pm 
A) 1.13*108 pm 
B) 1.10 * 102 pm 
C) 1.20 * 104 pm 
D) 525 pm 
E) 367 pm

Question 10

Which of the following can be used to increase the conductivity of any semimetal? I.adding an element with one additional valence electron
II)adding an element with one less valence electron
III)lowering the temperature

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II only 
E) I, II and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II only 
E) I, II and III

Question 11

Lithium sulfide adopts an antifluorite structure.Identify which ion makes up the host lattice, and give the number and type of hole filled by the nonhost ion.rLi = + 76 pm; rS 2- = 184 pm.

Accepted Answer

The sulfide ions cre

Question 12

Sodium hydride adopts a rock salt structure with the unit cell having an edge length of approximately 488 pm.Calculate the approximate density of NaH.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sodium hydride adopts a rock salt structure...

Question 13

In an ionic compound of cobalt and fluorine, fluoride ions adopt a closest-packed structure with cobalt ions in one half of the octahedral holes.What is the empirical formula of the compound?

Accepted Answer

A) Co3F 
B) Co2F3 
C) CoF2 
D) Co2F 
E) More information is needed. 
A) Co3F 
B) Co2F3 
C) CoF2 
D) Co2F 
E) More information is needed.

Question 14

A cubic closest-packed structure has hexagonally arranged layers of atoms in the series

Accepted Answer

A) ababab. 
B) abcabcabc. 
C) abcbabcbabcba. 
D) abacabacaba. 
E) aaaaaa. 
A) ababab. 
B) abcabcabc. 
C) abcbabcbabcba. 
D) abacabacaba. 
E) aaaaaa.

Question 15

In antifluorite structures,

Accepted Answer

A) the cations are smaller than the anions, and there are two cations for every anion. 
B) the anions are smaller than the cations, and there are two anions for every cation. 
C) the cations are smaller than the anions, and there are two anions for every cation. 
D) the anions are smaller than the cations, and there are two cations for every anion. 
E) the anions and cations are the same size. 
A) the cations are smaller than the anions, and there are two cations for every anion. 
B) the anions are smaller than the cations, and there are two anions for every cation. 
C) the cations are smaller than the anions, and there are two anions for every cation. 
D) the anions are smaller than the cations, and there are two cations for every anion. 
E) the anions and cations are the same size.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of a metal?

Accepted Answer

A) shiny appearance 
B) high electrical conductivity 
C) high thermal conductivity 
D) malleability 
E) brittleness 
A) shiny appearance 
B) high electrical conductivity 
C) high thermal conductivity 
D) malleability 
E) brittleness

Question 17

One form of silicon carbide, SiC, is an extremely hard solid that melts at 2730$\degree$C and diffracts X-rays.What type of solid is this form of SiC?

Accepted Answer

A) covalent network solid 
B) ionic solid 
C) molecular solid 
D) metallic solid 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) covalent network solid 
B) ionic solid 
C) molecular solid 
D) metallic solid 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 18

Graphite and diamond are examples of _____solids; sulfur and white phosphorus are examples of _____solids; and sodium chloride and zinc sulfide are examples of _____solids.

Accepted Answer

covalent n

Question 19

Arsenic tribromide, AsBr3, melts at 31.1$\degree$C, diffracts X-rays, and is not electrically conductive.What type of solid is AsBr3?

Accepted Answer

A) covalent network solid 
B) ionic solid 
C) molecular solid 
D) metallic solid 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) covalent network solid 
B) ionic solid 
C) molecular solid 
D) metallic solid 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 20

Terne, originally an alloy of lead (Pb; r = 154 pm, fcc) and tin( Sn; r =140 pm), appears to contain approximately 7 tin atoms for every 16 lead atoms.Which of the following statements regarding the alloy is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) It is probably an interstitial alloy with tin occupying some of the octahedral holes. 
B) It is probably an interstitial alloy with tin occupying some of the tetrahedral holes. 
C) It is probably an interstitial alloy with tin occupying some of the cubic holes. 
D) It is probably a substitutional alloy. 
E) It is approximately 70% Pb and 30% Sn. 
A) It is probably an interstitial alloy with tin occupying some of the octahedral holes. 
B) It is probably an interstitial alloy with tin occupying some of the tetrahedral holes. 
C) It is probably an interstitial alloy with tin occupying some of the cubic holes. 
D) It is probably a substitutional alloy. 
E) It is approximately 70% Pb and 30% Sn.

Exam 18: The Solid State a Particulate View

X-ray diffraction (XRD) makes use of the Bragg equation, in which θ\thetaθ is the

The most common allotrope of carbon is

In the cubic closest-packed structure of sodium chloride, which ions are touching or nearly touching? I.sodium ions and sodium ions II.chloride ions and chloride ions III.sodium ions and chloride ions

The band structure of semiconductors differs from that of metal conductors in that

Gold (Au) has a face-centered cubic structure with a unit cell edge length of 407.8 pm.What is the density of each individual gold atom?

What are two disadvantages of using pure metals in applications such as tools, weapons, and currency?

Which element could be used to dope silicon Si) to produce a p-type semiconductor?

If a body-centered cubic unit cell has a volume of 1.45 * 108 pm3, what must be the dimension of the cube's edge?

Which of the following can be used to increase the conductivity of any semimetal? I.adding an element with one additional valence electron II)adding an element with one less valence electron III)lowering the temperature

Lithium sulfide adopts an antifluorite structure.Identify which ion makes up the host lattice, and give the number and type of hole filled by the nonhost ion.rLi = + 76 pm; rS 2- = 184 pm.

Sodium hydride adopts a rock salt structure with the unit cell having an edge length of approximately 488 pm.Calculate the approximate density of NaH.

In an ionic compound of cobalt and fluorine, fluoride ions adopt a closest-packed structure with cobalt ions in one half of the octahedral holes.What is the empirical formula of the compound?

A cubic closest-packed structure has hexagonally arranged layers of atoms in the series

In antifluorite structures,

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of a metal?

One form of silicon carbide, SiC, is an extremely hard solid that melts at 2730 °\degree° C and diffracts X-rays.What type of solid is this form of SiC?

Graphite and diamond are examples of _____solids; sulfur and white phosphorus are examples of _____solids; and sodium chloride and zinc sulfide are examples of _____solids.

Arsenic tribromide, AsBr3, melts at 31.1 °\degree° C, diffracts X-rays, and is not electrically conductive.What type of solid is AsBr3?

Terne, originally an alloy of lead (Pb; r = 154 pm, fcc) and tin( Sn; r =140 pm), appears to contain approximately 7 tin atoms for every 16 lead atoms.Which of the following statements regarding the alloy is correct?

Matter and Energy an Atomic Perspective

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules the Building Blocks of Matter

Atomic Structure Explaining the Properties of Elements

Chemical Bonding Understanding Climate Change

Bonding Theories Explaining Molecular Geometry

Intermolecular Forces Attractions Between Particles

Stoichiometry Mass Relationships and Chemical Reactions

Aqueous Solutions Chemistry of the Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions

Properties of Gases the Air We Breathe

Properties of Solutions Their Concentrations and Colligative Properties

Thermodynamics Why Chemical Reactions Happen

Chemical Kinetics Clearing the Air

Chemical Equilibrium Equal but Opposite Reaction Rates

Acid-Base Equilibria Proton Transfer in Biological Systems

Additional Aqueous Equilibria Chemistry and the Oceans

Electrochemistry the Quest for Clean Energy

Organic Chemistry Fuels, Pharmaceuticals, and Modern Materials

Biochemistry the Compounds of Life

Nuclear Chemistry the Risks and Benefits

The Main Group Elements Life and the Periodic Table

Transition Metals Biological and Medical Applications

Filters

X-ray diffraction (XRD) makes use of the Bragg equation, in which $\theta$ is the

If a body-centered cubic unit cell has a volume of 1.45 * 10⁸ pm³, what must be the dimension of the cube's edge?

Lithium sulfide adopts an antifluorite structure.Identify which ion makes up the host lattice, and give the number and type of hole filled by the nonhost ion.r_{Li ⁼} + 76 pm; r_{S ^2-} = 184 pm.

One form of silicon carbide, SiC, is an extremely hard solid that melts at 2730 $\degree$ C and diffracts X-rays.What type of solid is this form of SiC?

Graphite and diamond are examples of ___solids; sulfur and white phosphorus are examples of _solids; and sodium chloride and zinc sulfide are examples of ___solids.

Arsenic tribromide, AsBr₃, melts at 31.1 $\degree$ C, diffracts X-rays, and is not electrically conductive.What type of solid is AsBr₃?