Question 1

The fimbriae of Neisseria gonorrhea and enteropathogenic E. coli are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  adhesins. 
B)  ligands. 
C)  receptors. 
D)  adhesins and ligands. 
E)  adhesins, ligands, and receptors. 
A)  adhesins. 
B)  ligands. 
C)  receptors. 
D)  adhesins and ligands. 
E)  adhesins, ligands, and receptors.

Question 2

Endotoxins in sterile injectable drugs could cause

Accepted Answer

A)  nerve damage. 
B)  giant cell formation. 
C)  no damage, because they are sterile. 
D)  infection. 
E)  septic shock symptoms. 
A)  nerve damage. 
B)  giant cell formation. 
C)  no damage, because they are sterile. 
D)  infection. 
E)  septic shock symptoms.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leukocidins destroy neutrophils. 
B)  Coagulase destroys blood clots. 
C)  Hyaluronidase breaks down substances between cells. 
D)  Hemolysins lyse red blood cells. 
E)  Kinase destroys fibrin clots. 
A)  Leukocidins destroy neutrophils. 
B)  Coagulase destroys blood clots. 
C)  Hyaluronidase breaks down substances between cells. 
D)  Hemolysins lyse red blood cells. 
E)  Kinase destroys fibrin clots.

Question 4

Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following contributes to the virulence of a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host and evasion of host defenses 
B)  evasion of host defenses 
C)  toxin production 
D)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host 
E)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host, evasion of host defenses, and toxin production 
A)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host and evasion of host defenses 
B)  evasion of host defenses 
C)  toxin production 
D)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host 
E)  numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host, evasion of host defenses, and toxin production

Question 6

Symptoms of protozoan and helminthic diseases are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues, waste products excreted by the parasite, and products released from damaged tissues. 
B)  products released from damaged tissues. 
C)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues. 
D)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues and waste products excreted by the parasite. 
E)  waste products excreted by the parasite. 
A)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues, waste products excreted by the parasite, and products released from damaged tissues. 
B)  products released from damaged tissues. 
C)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues. 
D)  tissue damage due to growth of the parasite on the tissues and waste products excreted by the parasite. 
E)  waste products excreted by the parasite.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are composed of proteins. 
B)  They are more potent than endotoxins. 
C)  They have specific methods of action. 
D)  They are resistant to heat. 
E)  They are produced by gram-positive bacteria. 
A)  They are composed of proteins. 
B)  They are more potent than endotoxins. 
C)  They have specific methods of action. 
D)  They are resistant to heat. 
E)  They are produced by gram-positive bacteria.

Question 8

In A-B exotoxins, the A component binds to the host cell receptor so that the B component can enter the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Table 15.2 $\begin{array}{|l|c|}
\hline \text { Bacterium } & \text { ID50 } \
\hline \text { E. coli } 0157: \mathrm{H7} & 20 \
\hline \text { Legionella pneumophia } & 1 \
\hline \text { Shigella } & 10 \\hline \text { Treponema pallidum } & 57 \
\hline
\end{array}$
-Which organism in Table 15.2 most easily causes an infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shigella 
B)  Legionella pneumophila 
C)  Treponema pallidum 
D)  E. coli O157:H7 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  Shigella 
B)  Legionella pneumophila 
C)  Treponema pallidum 
D)  E. coli O157:H7 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 10

All of the following organisms produce exotoxins EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Salmonella typhi. 
B)  Clostridium tetani. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
D)  Clostridium botulinum. 
E)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae. 
A)  Salmonella typhi. 
B)  Clostridium tetani. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
D)  Clostridium botulinum. 
E)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Question 11

The ID50 is

Accepted Answer

A)  the dose that will cause an infection in some of the test population. 
B)  the dose that will cause an infection in 50 percent of the test population. 
C)  the dose that will kill some of the test population. 
D)  a measure of pathogenicity. 
E)  the dose that will kill 50 percent of the test population. 
A)  the dose that will cause an infection in some of the test population. 
B)  the dose that will cause an infection in 50 percent of the test population. 
C)  the dose that will kill some of the test population. 
D)  a measure of pathogenicity. 
E)  the dose that will kill 50 percent of the test population.

Question 12

Some pathogens evade phagocytosis, while other pathogens evade host defenses by entering host cells. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both of these evasion strategies.

Accepted Answer

Some pathogens have evolved the ability

Question 13

Most symptoms of endotoxins can be treated with administration of anti-endotoxin antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In response to the presence of endotoxin, phagocytes secrete tumor necrosis factor. This causes

Accepted Answer

A)  a gram-negative infection. 
B)  an increase in red blood cells. 
C)  the disease to subside. 
D)  a decrease in blood pressure. 
E)  a fever. 
A)  a gram-negative infection. 
B)  an increase in red blood cells. 
C)  the disease to subside. 
D)  a decrease in blood pressure. 
E)  a fever.

Question 15

Bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella produce invasins that bind host cells, thus causing the cells to

Accepted Answer

A)  destroy the bacteria. 
B)  release TNF. 
C)  engulf the bacteria. 
D)  produce iron-binding proteins. 
E)  release cytokines. 
A)  destroy the bacteria. 
B)  release TNF. 
C)  engulf the bacteria. 
D)  produce iron-binding proteins. 
E)  release cytokines.

Question 16

Siderophores are bacterial proteins that compete with the hostʹs

Accepted Answer

A)  red blood cells. 
B)  white blood cells. 
C)  iron-transport proteins. 
D)  antibodies. 
E)  receptors. 
A)  red blood cells. 
B)  white blood cells. 
C)  iron-transport proteins. 
D)  antibodies. 
E)  receptors.

Question 17

Bacteria that cause periodontal disease have adhesins for receptors on streptococci that colonize on teeth. This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  streptococci get bacterial infections. 
B)  bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to gums and teeth. 
C)  streptococcal colonization is necessary for periodontal disease. 
D)  streptococci cause periodontal disease. 
E)  bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to teeth. 
A)  streptococci get bacterial infections. 
B)  bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to gums and teeth. 
C)  streptococcal colonization is necessary for periodontal disease. 
D)  streptococci cause periodontal disease. 
E)  bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to teeth.

Question 18

Twenty-five people developed symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea three to six hours after attending a church picnic where they ate a ham and green bean casserole with cream sauce. The most likely cause of this case of food intoxication is

Accepted Answer

A)  erythrogenic toxin. 
B)  aflatoxin. 
C)  cholera toxin. 
D)  staphylococcal enterotoxin. 
E)  botulinum toxin. 
A)  erythrogenic toxin. 
B)  aflatoxin. 
C)  cholera toxin. 
D)  staphylococcal enterotoxin. 
E)  botulinum toxin.

Exam 15: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

The fimbriae of Neisseria gonorrhea and enteropathogenic E. coli are examples of

Endotoxins in sterile injectable drugs could cause

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Biofilms provide pathogens with an adhesion mechanism and aid in resistance to antimicrobial agents.

Which of the following contributes to the virulence of a pathogen?

Symptoms of protozoan and helminthic diseases are due to

Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally FALSE?

In A-B exotoxins, the A component binds to the host cell receptor so that the B component can enter the cell.

Table 15.2 Bacterium ID50 E. coli 0157: 20 Legionella pneumophia 1 Shigella 10 Treponema pallidum 57 -Which organism in Table 15.2 most easily causes an infection?

All of the following organisms produce exotoxins EXCEPT

The ID50 is

Some pathogens evade phagocytosis, while other pathogens evade host defenses by entering host cells. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both of these evasion strategies.

Most symptoms of endotoxins can be treated with administration of anti-endotoxin antibodies.

In response to the presence of endotoxin, phagocytes secrete tumor necrosis factor. This causes

Bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella produce invasins that bind host cells, thus causing the cells to

Siderophores are bacterial proteins that compete with the hostʹs

Bacteria that cause periodontal disease have adhesins for receptors on streptococci that colonize on teeth. This indicates that

Twenty-five people developed symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea three to six hours after attending a church picnic where they ate a ham and green bean casserole with cream sauce. The most likely cause of this case of food intoxication is

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Filters