Question 1

Disinterestedness

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientists should not accept new ideas or evidence in a carefree, uncritical manner, but challenge and question new evidence. 
B)  Scientists must be neutral, impartial, receptive, and open-minded to unexpected observations or new ideas. They should not be rigidly wedded to a particular idea or point of view. 
C)  Regardless of who conducts a study or where the researcher conducts it, the study is judged only on the basis of scientific merit. 
D)  Scientific knowledge must be shared with others, and it belongs to everyone. Creating scientific knowledge is a public act and the findings are public property, available for all to use. 
A)  Scientists should not accept new ideas or evidence in a carefree, uncritical manner, but challenge and question new evidence. 
B)  Scientists must be neutral, impartial, receptive, and open-minded to unexpected observations or new ideas. They should not be rigidly wedded to a particular idea or point of view. 
C)  Regardless of who conducts a study or where the researcher conducts it, the study is judged only on the basis of scientific merit. 
D)  Scientific knowledge must be shared with others, and it belongs to everyone. Creating scientific knowledge is a public act and the findings are public property, available for all to use. B

Question 2

The halo effect occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  a very moral, upstanding person, who is like an angel, conducts research. 
B)  a researcher goes around in circles and makes no progress. 
C)  there is a research study without social theory involved. 
D)  people overgeneralize from one positive or prestigious feature of a person to other areas. 
A)  a very moral, upstanding person, who is like an angel, conducts research. 
B)  a researcher goes around in circles and makes no progress. 
C)  there is a research study without social theory involved. 
D)  people overgeneralize from one positive or prestigious feature of a person to other areas. D

Question 3

Communalism

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientific knowledge must be shared with others, and it belongs to everyone. Creating scientific knowledge is a public act and the findings are public property, available for all to use. 
B)  Scientists must be neutral, impartial, receptive, and open-minded to unexpected observations or new ideas. They should not be rigidly wedded to a particular idea or point of view. 
C)  Scientists should not accept new ideas or evidence in a carefree, uncritical manner, but challenge and question new evidence. 
D)  Irrespective of who conducts a study or where the researcher conducts it, the study is judged only on the basis of scientific merit. 
A)  Scientific knowledge must be shared with others, and it belongs to everyone. Creating scientific knowledge is a public act and the findings are public property, available for all to use. 
B)  Scientists must be neutral, impartial, receptive, and open-minded to unexpected observations or new ideas. They should not be rigidly wedded to a particular idea or point of view. 
C)  Scientists should not accept new ideas or evidence in a carefree, uncritical manner, but challenge and question new evidence. 
D)  Irrespective of who conducts a study or where the researcher conducts it, the study is judged only on the basis of scientific merit. A

Question 4

Compare quantitative and qualitative approaches to social research. Discuss two similarities and two differences in these approaches.

Accepted Answer

Quantitative and qualitative approaches

Question 5

Universalism

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientists must be neutral, impartial, receptive, and open minded to unexpected observations or new ideas. They should not be rigidly wedded to a particular idea or point of view. 
B)  Scientists should not accept new ideas or evidence in a carefree, uncritical manner, but challenge and question new evidence. 
C)  Scientific knowledge must be shared with others, and it belongs to everyone. Creating scientific knowledge is a public act and the findings are public property, available for all to use. 
D)  Regardless of who conducts a study or where the researcher conducts it, the study is judged only on the basis of scientific merit. 
A)  Scientists must be neutral, impartial, receptive, and open minded to unexpected observations or new ideas. They should not be rigidly wedded to a particular idea or point of view. 
B)  Scientists should not accept new ideas or evidence in a carefree, uncritical manner, but challenge and question new evidence. 
C)  Scientific knowledge must be shared with others, and it belongs to everyone. Creating scientific knowledge is a public act and the findings are public property, available for all to use. 
D)  Regardless of who conducts a study or where the researcher conducts it, the study is judged only on the basis of scientific merit.

Question 6

Professional researchers may devote years of work and money to have their results published in a scholarly journal. Yet, they rarely receive commission or royalties from the publication. Which norm of the scientific community pressures them to do this and share the results with others?

Accepted Answer

A)  disinterestedness 
B)  organized skepticism 
C)  communalism 
D)  universalism 
A)  disinterestedness 
B)  organized skepticism 
C)  communalism 
D)  universalism

Question 7

Albert Einstein was offered the presidency of Israel in 1952, but turned the position down because of his failing health. The assumption that a Nobel winning physicist would understand the dynamics of nation building falls under which error of personal experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  overgeneralization 
B)  premature closure 
C)  selective observation 
D)  halo effect 
A)  overgeneralization 
B)  premature closure 
C)  selective observation 
D)  halo effect

Question 8

________research measures objective facts; _______research, by contrast, constructs social reality.

Accepted Answer

A)  Theory based; data based 
B)  Qualitative; quantitative 
C)  Data based; theory based 
D)  Quantitative; qualitative 
A)  Theory based; data based 
B)  Qualitative; quantitative 
C)  Data based; theory based 
D)  Quantitative; qualitative

Question 9

When one designs a study in qualitative and quantitative research, the next step in the research process is to .

Accepted Answer

A)  adopt perspective 
B)  collect data 
C)  analyze data 
D)  inform others 
A)  adopt perspective 
B)  collect data 
C)  analyze data 
D)  inform others

Question 10

What is the scientific community's role in the production of knowledge? How do the norms of this social institution play a part in this role?

Accepted Answer

The scientific community plays a crucial

Question 11

Professor Davis said that his research report is undergoing a "blind review." What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers who review and evaluate the report know that Professor Davis wrote it, but Professor Davis does not know who the reviewers are. 
B)  The researchers who review and evaluate the report do not know Professor Davis, but Professor Davis has been told who the reviewers are. 
C)  Researchers who review and evaluate the study do not know that Professor Davis wrote the report, and he does not know who will be the reviewers. 
D)  The report is being evaluated by researchers who know nothing of the field of research in the report, so they can be objective. 
A)  Researchers who review and evaluate the report know that Professor Davis wrote it, but Professor Davis does not know who the reviewers are. 
B)  The researchers who review and evaluate the report do not know Professor Davis, but Professor Davis has been told who the reviewers are. 
C)  Researchers who review and evaluate the study do not know that Professor Davis wrote the report, and he does not know who will be the reviewers. 
D)  The report is being evaluated by researchers who know nothing of the field of research in the report, so they can be objective.

Question 12

There are several alternative sources of knowledge authority, tradition, personal experience) to social research. Explain how social research attempts to overcome the shortcomings of these alternative sources of knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Social research attempts to overcome the

Question 13

Explain the process of publishing new knowledge in a scholarly journal.

Accepted Answer

The process of publishing new knowledge

Question 14

Briefly describe each of the steps involved in conducting a research project. Discuss why the steps are "fixed" and the resulting implications for a person doing research.

Accepted Answer

Conducting a research project involves s

Question 15

The president of Big Hotdog, Inc. considered changing the wage structure to increase worker productivity. She called in the firm's top management team to make a decision. The vice president for sales said, "I read an article in last week's Fortune magazine on it, and it proves that the proposed new wage structure always is best." Which error does the vice president of sales make?

Accepted Answer

A)  premature closure 
B)  appeal to tradition as a basis of knowledge 
C)  appeal to authority as a basis of knowledge 
D)  overgeneralization 
A)  premature closure 
B)  appeal to tradition as a basis of knowledge 
C)  appeal to authority as a basis of knowledge 
D)  overgeneralization

Question 16

The television show "COPS" has been broadcasted on FOX since March 1989 and its limited portrayal of crime can leave many viewers with an inaccurate view of the social world. This alternative medium of social knowledge is called .

Accepted Answer

A)  tradition 
B)  authority 
C)  common sense 
D)  media myths 
A)  tradition 
B)  authority 
C)  common sense 
D)  media myths

Question 17

Discuss science as a social institution/invention. What social conditions existed that fostered scientific thinking?

Accepted Answer

Science can be viewed as a social instit

Question 18

It has been said that science cannot provide people with "absolute Truth." Even as all disciplines of science become more rigorous, why is science unable to provide people with "absolute Truth?"

Accepted Answer

The concept of "absolute Truth" refers t

Question 19

On your way to meet with your Methods instructor, you pass an office where you overhear two sociologists aggressively discussing a research project. One of the sociologists is criticizing the project's design and trying to find flaws in it. You are witnessing which norm of the scientific community?

Accepted Answer

A)  universalism 
B)  selective observation 
C)  communalism 
D)  organized skepticism 
A)  universalism 
B)  selective observation 
C)  communalism 
D)  organized skepticism

Question 20

Sara conducted a study on religion. She developed a questionnaire and planned an accurate sample of 500 people. She ran off copies of her questionnaire. She contacted people in her sample. Sara next interviewed the sample and carefully recorded all the information. She used various statistics to analyze the data and interpreted her statistics to bring out their meaning. Lastly, she wrote about her findings and method for a paper that she presented at professional meetings and sent to a scholarly journal for possible publication. Which step in the process of research did Sara skip?

Accepted Answer

A)  inform others 
B)  focus research question 
C)  design study 
D)  collect data 
A)  inform others 
B)  focus research question 
C)  design study 
D)  collect data

Disinterestedness

The halo effect occurs when

Communalism

Compare quantitative and qualitative approaches to social research. Discuss two similarities and two differences in these approaches.

Universalism

Professional researchers may devote years of work and money to have their results published in a scholarly journal. Yet, they rarely receive commission or royalties from the publication. Which norm of the scientific community pressures them to do this and share the results with others?

Albert Einstein was offered the presidency of Israel in 1952, but turned the position down because of his failing health. The assumption that a Nobel winning physicist would understand the dynamics of nation building falls under which error of personal experience?

__research measures objective facts; _research, by contrast, constructs social reality.

When one designs a study in qualitative and quantitative research, the next step in the research process is to .

What is the scientific community's role in the production of knowledge? How do the norms of this social institution play a part in this role?

Professor Davis said that his research report is undergoing a "blind review." What does this mean?

There are several alternative sources of knowledge authority, tradition, personal experience) to social research. Explain how social research attempts to overcome the shortcomings of these alternative sources of knowledge.

Explain the process of publishing new knowledge in a scholarly journal.

Briefly describe each of the steps involved in conducting a research project. Discuss why the steps are "fixed" and the resulting implications for a person doing research.

The television show "COPS" has been broadcasted on FOX since March 1989 and its limited portrayal of crime can leave many viewers with an inaccurate view of the social world. This alternative medium of social knowledge is called .

Discuss science as a social institution/invention. What social conditions existed that fostered scientific thinking?

It has been said that science cannot provide people with "absolute Truth." Even as all disciplines of science become more rigorous, why is science unable to provide people with "absolute Truth?"

On your way to meet with your Methods instructor, you pass an office where you overhear two sociologists aggressively discussing a research project. One of the sociologists is criticizing the project's design and trying to find flaws in it. You are witnessing which norm of the scientific community?

What Are the Major Types of Social Research

Theory and Research

The Meanings of Methodology

How to Review the Literature and Conduct Ethical Studies

Strategies of Research Design

Qualitative and Quantitative Measurement

Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling

Experimental Research

Survey Research

Nonreactive Research and Secondary Analysis

Analysis of Quantitative Data

Field Research and Focus Group Research

Historical-Comparative Research

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing the Research Report and the Politics of Social Research

Filters

Exam 1: Why Do Research

Disinterestedness

The halo effect occurs when

Communalism

Compare quantitative and qualitative approaches to social research. Discuss two similarities and two differences in these approaches.

Universalism

Professional researchers may devote years of work and money to have their results published in a scholarly journal. Yet, they rarely receive commission or royalties from the publication. Which norm of the scientific community pressures them to do this and share the results with others?

Albert Einstein was offered the presidency of Israel in 1952, but turned the position down because of his failing health. The assumption that a Nobel winning physicist would understand the dynamics of nation building falls under which error of personal experience?

________research measures objective facts; _______research, by contrast, constructs social reality.

When one designs a study in qualitative and quantitative research, the next step in the research process is to .

What is the scientific community's role in the production of knowledge? How do the norms of this social institution play a part in this role?

Professor Davis said that his research report is undergoing a "blind review." What does this mean?

There are several alternative sources of knowledge authority, tradition, personal experience) to social research. Explain how social research attempts to overcome the shortcomings of these alternative sources of knowledge.

Explain the process of publishing new knowledge in a scholarly journal.

Briefly describe each of the steps involved in conducting a research project. Discuss why the steps are "fixed" and the resulting implications for a person doing research.

The television show "COPS" has been broadcasted on FOX since March 1989 and its limited portrayal of crime can leave many viewers with an inaccurate view of the social world. This alternative medium of social knowledge is called .

Discuss science as a social institution/invention. What social conditions existed that fostered scientific thinking?

It has been said that science cannot provide people with "absolute Truth." Even as all disciplines of science become more rigorous, why is science unable to provide people with "absolute Truth?"

On your way to meet with your Methods instructor, you pass an office where you overhear two sociologists aggressively discussing a research project. One of the sociologists is criticizing the project's design and trying to find flaws in it. You are witnessing which norm of the scientific community?

What Are the Major Types of Social Research

Theory and Research

The Meanings of Methodology

How to Review the Literature and Conduct Ethical Studies

Strategies of Research Design

Qualitative and Quantitative Measurement

Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling

Experimental Research

Survey Research

Nonreactive Research and Secondary Analysis

Analysis of Quantitative Data

Field Research and Focus Group Research

Historical-Comparative Research

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing the Research Report and the Politics of Social Research

Filters

__research measures objective facts; _research, by contrast, constructs social reality.