Question 1

What is the difference between a within-participants design and a between-participants design?

Accepted Answer

A)  the former exposes the participants to more than one level of the independent variable 
B)  the former involves all participants experiencing all levels of the independent variable 
C)  the latter exposes all participants to all levels of the independent variable 
D)  the latter involves research participants testing each other, rather than the experimenter testing them 
A)  the former exposes the participants to more than one level of the independent variable 
B)  the former involves all participants experiencing all levels of the independent variable 
C)  the latter exposes all participants to all levels of the independent variable 
D)  the latter involves research participants testing each other, rather than the experimenter testing them B

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT the purpose of creating the research design for a research problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  to control for unwanted variation 
B)  to analyze the data collected 
C)  to create an outline or plan for data collection 
D)  to suggest how the data will be collected 
A)  to control for unwanted variation 
B)  to analyze the data collected 
C)  to create an outline or plan for data collection 
D)  to suggest how the data will be collected B

Question 3

Evelyn has a new speed reading program she wants to test. She trains 6 people on her program, then measures their reading speed. This is an example of which experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  one-group posttest-only design 
B)  one-group pretest-posttest design 
C)  non-equivalent posttest-only design 
D)  non-equivalent before-after pretest-posttest) design 
A)  one-group posttest-only design 
B)  one-group pretest-posttest design 
C)  non-equivalent posttest-only design 
D)  non-equivalent before-after pretest-posttest) design A

Question 4

In a 2 age) x 2 type of therapy) factorial design, which of the following outcomes would be an example of an interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  young adults do better in therapy A; older adults also do better with this therapy 
B)  therapy A works better for young adults, while therapy B works better for older adults 
C)  therapy B works better overall, and this is true for both young and old adults 
D)  older adults improve more than younger adults, regardless of type of therapy 
A)  young adults do better in therapy A; older adults also do better with this therapy 
B)  therapy A works better for young adults, while therapy B works better for older adults 
C)  therapy B works better overall, and this is true for both young and old adults 
D)  older adults improve more than younger adults, regardless of type of therapy

Question 5

When choosing between a within-participants design and a between-participants design, one is often considering a tradeoff between

Accepted Answer

A)  a more sensitive design with the former and a more controlled design with the latter. 
B)  internal validity with the former and an ability to generalize results to a larger population with the latter. 
C)  a more sensitive design with the former and a more economical design with the latter. 
D)  controlling for more extraneous variables with the former and having results that are more applicable to the "real world" with the latter. 
A)  a more sensitive design with the former and a more controlled design with the latter. 
B)  internal validity with the former and an ability to generalize results to a larger population with the latter. 
C)  a more sensitive design with the former and a more economical design with the latter. 
D)  controlling for more extraneous variables with the former and having results that are more applicable to the "real world" with the latter.

Question 6

The major fault in the one-group pretest-posttest design is that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no way to test whether participants' performance changed over time. 
B)  there are no statistics available to test the data this design yields. 
C)  there is no way to control for demand characteristics. 
D)  there is no way to examine the effects of history and maturation on the results. 
A)  there is no way to test whether participants' performance changed over time. 
B)  there are no statistics available to test the data this design yields. 
C)  there is no way to control for demand characteristics. 
D)  there is no way to examine the effects of history and maturation on the results.

Question 7

Why does a good experiment include a control group?

Accepted Answer

A)  it increases the number of people in the study, and hence, the generalizability of the results 
B)  it gives us information about how participants would perform without experiencing the experimental treatment 
C)  it eliminates the effects of external validity 
D)  control groups have been an established part of scientific tradition for many decades 
A)  it increases the number of people in the study, and hence, the generalizability of the results 
B)  it gives us information about how participants would perform without experiencing the experimental treatment 
C)  it eliminates the effects of external validity 
D)  control groups have been an established part of scientific tradition for many decades

Question 8

Suppose a researcher were reporting on a factorial experiment in which she simultaneously manipulated two independent variables. One of the independent variables was presented between participants and the other was presented within participants. This is an example of a_______ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  mixed model 
B)  simple randomized participants 
C)  complex 
D)  interactive 
A)  mixed model 
B)  simple randomized participants 
C)  complex 
D)  interactive

Question 9

Suppose you are conducting a factorial study with variables A and B. Your results reveal an interaction effect. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  variable A is effective in changing performance only if variable B is also effective. 
B)  the effect of independent variable A depends on what level of independent variable B they experience. 
C)  one of the variables, A or B, can have an effect on performance only if the other does not. 
D)  the effects of variable A and of variable B cancel each other out. 
A)  variable A is effective in changing performance only if variable B is also effective. 
B)  the effect of independent variable A depends on what level of independent variable B they experience. 
C)  one of the variables, A or B, can have an effect on performance only if the other does not. 
D)  the effects of variable A and of variable B cancel each other out.

Question 10

The nonequivalent posttest-only design differs from the one-group posttest-only design and the one-group pretest-posttest design in that

Accepted Answer

A)  it includes randomization procedures. 
B)  it has a comparison group. 
C)  it has high externalvalidity. 
D)  the results can be generalized to the population. 
A)  it includes randomization procedures. 
B)  it has a comparison group. 
C)  it has high externalvalidity. 
D)  the results can be generalized to the population.

Question 11

An experiment was designed to determine if gender of the interviewer and the amount of eye contact by the interviewer will influence the participant’s liking of an interviewer. Thus participants were randomly assigned to groups that had either a male or female interviewer who made little, moderate, or sustained eye contact. At the end of the sessions, the participants were asked to rate their liking of the interviewer.
-This experimental design allows for testing

Accepted Answer

A)  the effect of interviewer gender on liking. 
B)  the effect of interviewer gender on liking and the effect of eye contact on liking. 
C)  the effect of eye contact on liking and the interaction effects of interviewer gender and eye contact on liking. 
D)  the effect of interviewer gender on liking, the effect of eye contact on liking, and the interaction effects of interviewer gender and eye contact on liking. 
A)  the effect of interviewer gender on liking. 
B)  the effect of interviewer gender on liking and the effect of eye contact on liking. 
C)  the effect of eye contact on liking and the interaction effects of interviewer gender and eye contact on liking. 
D)  the effect of interviewer gender on liking, the effect of eye contact on liking, and the interaction effects of interviewer gender and eye contact on liking.

Question 12

A research design that contains both between participants and within participants variables is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  mixed design 
B)  factorial design 
C)  combination design 
D)  double variable design 
A)  mixed design 
B)  factorial design 
C)  combination design 
D)  double variable design

Question 13

An experiment was designed to determine if gender of the interviewer and the amount of eye contact by the interviewer will influence the participant’s liking of an interviewer. Thus participants were randomly assigned to groups that had either a male or female interviewer who made little, moderate, or sustained eye contact. At the end of the sessions, the participants were asked to rate their liking of the interviewer.
-Which of the following outcomes would indicate an interaction effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  female and male interviewers are liked more with longer eye contact. 
B)  female and male interviewers are liked less with longer eye contact. 
C)  female interviewers are liked more with longer eye contact while duration of eye contact has no effect on liking of male interviewers. 
D)  all of the above are interaction effects. 
A)  female and male interviewers are liked more with longer eye contact. 
B)  female and male interviewers are liked less with longer eye contact. 
C)  female interviewers are liked more with longer eye contact while duration of eye contact has no effect on liking of male interviewers. 
D)  all of the above are interaction effects.

Question 14

Use the following table to answer questions 
  
-__________is the combination of levels of two or more independent variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mean 
B)  Cell 
C)  Marginal mean 
D)  Cell mean
Use the following to answer questions 38-43:
An experiment was designed to determine if gender of the interviewer and the amount of eye contact by the interviewer will influence the participant's liking of an interviewer. Thus participants were randomly assigned to groups that had either a male or female interviewer who made little, moderate, or sustained eye contact. At the end of the sessions, the participants were asked to rate their liking of the interviewer. 
A)  Mean 
B)  Cell 
C)  Marginal mean 
D)  Cell mean
Use the following to answer questions 38-43:
An experiment was designed to determine if gender of the interviewer and the amount of eye contact by the interviewer will influence the participant's liking of an interviewer. Thus participants were randomly assigned to groups that had either a male or female interviewer who made little, moderate, or sustained eye contact. At the end of the sessions, the participants were asked to rate their liking of the interviewer.

Question 15

Which of the following is the LEAST important characteristic of a good control group?

Accepted Answer

A)  its members experience everything the experimental group experiences except the treatment 
B)  it has the same number of participants as the experimental group 
C)  it is equivalent to the experimental group in all important characteristics 
D)  it is measured on the same dependent variable as the experimental group 
A)  its members experience everything the experimental group experiences except the treatment 
B)  it has the same number of participants as the experimental group 
C)  it is equivalent to the experimental group in all important characteristics 
D)  it is measured on the same dependent variable as the experimental group

Question 16

Use the following table to answer questions 
  
-The A1 mean, A2 mean, and A3 mean represent the main effect of IVA and can also be called _______means.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell 
B)  marginal 
C)  summary 
D)  variable 
A)  cell 
B)  marginal 
C)  summary 
D)  variable

Question 17

The pretest-posttest control group design is also considered a________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  weak 
B)  mixed 
C)  within participants 
D)  between participants 
A)  weak 
B)  mixed 
C)  within participants 
D)  between participants

Question 18

In a between-participants posttest-only design

Accepted Answer

A)  each participant is tested in only one treatment condition. 
B)  each participant experiences all treatment conditions. 
C)  pairs of matched participants experience the same treatment conditions. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  each participant is tested in only one treatment condition. 
B)  each participant experiences all treatment conditions. 
C)  pairs of matched participants experience the same treatment conditions. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 19

The defining characteristic of a factorial experimental design is

Accepted Answer

A)  the manipulation of one independent variable. 
B)  the manipulation of more than one independent variable. 
C)  the measurement of more than one dependent variable. 
D)  inclusion of more than two cells. 
A)  the manipulation of one independent variable. 
B)  the manipulation of more than one independent variable. 
C)  the measurement of more than one dependent variable. 
D)  inclusion of more than two cells.

Question 20

Which of the following factors should you consider when deciding on what research design to use?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of groups 
B)  use of a control group 
C)  use of a pretest 
D)  all of the above 
A)  number of groups 
B)  use of a control group 
C)  use of a pretest 
D)  all of the above

What is the difference between a within-participants design and a between-participants design?

Which of the following is NOT the purpose of creating the research design for a research problem?

Evelyn has a new speed reading program she wants to test. She trains 6 people on her program, then measures their reading speed. This is an example of which experimental design?

In a 2 age) x 2 type of therapy) factorial design, which of the following outcomes would be an example of an interaction?

When choosing between a within-participants design and a between-participants design, one is often considering a tradeoff between

The major fault in the one-group pretest-posttest design is that

Why does a good experiment include a control group?

Suppose a researcher were reporting on a factorial experiment in which she simultaneously manipulated two independent variables. One of the independent variables was presented between participants and the other was presented within participants. This is an example of a_______ design.

Suppose you are conducting a factorial study with variables A and B. Your results reveal an interaction effect. This means that

The nonequivalent posttest-only design differs from the one-group posttest-only design and the one-group pretest-posttest design in that

A research design that contains both between participants and within participants variables is called a

Use the following table to answer questions -__________is the combination of levels of two or more independent variables.

Which of the following is the LEAST important characteristic of a good control group?

Use the following table to answer questions -The A₁ mean, A₂ mean, and A₃ mean represent the main effect of IV_A and can also be called _______means.

The pretest-posttest control group design is also considered a________ design.

In a between-participants posttest-only design

The defining characteristic of a factorial experimental design is

Which of the following factors should you consider when deciding on what research design to use?

Introduction to Scientific Research

Research Approaches and Methods of Data Collection

Problem Identification and Hypothesis Formation

Ethics

Measuring Variables and Sampling

Research Validity

Control Techniques in Experimental Research

Procedure for Conducting an Experiment

Quasi-Experimental Designs

Single-Case Research Designs

Survey Research

Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Preparing the Research Report for Presentation or Publication

Filters

Exam 8: Experimental Research Design

What is the difference between a within-participants design and a between-participants design?

Which of the following is NOT the purpose of creating the research design for a research problem?

Evelyn has a new speed reading program she wants to test. She trains 6 people on her program, then measures their reading speed. This is an example of which experimental design?

In a 2 age) x 2 type of therapy) factorial design, which of the following outcomes would be an example of an interaction?

When choosing between a within-participants design and a between-participants design, one is often considering a tradeoff between

The major fault in the one-group pretest-posttest design is that

Why does a good experiment include a control group?

Suppose a researcher were reporting on a factorial experiment in which she simultaneously manipulated two independent variables. One of the independent variables was presented between participants and the other was presented within participants. This is an example of a_______ design.

Suppose you are conducting a factorial study with variables A and B. Your results reveal an interaction effect. This means that

The nonequivalent posttest-only design differs from the one-group posttest-only design and the one-group pretest-posttest design in that

A research design that contains both between participants and within participants variables is called a

Use the following table to answer questions -__________is the combination of levels of two or more independent variables.

Which of the following is the LEAST important characteristic of a good control group?

Use the following table to answer questions -The A1 mean, A2 mean, and A3 mean represent the main effect of IVA and can also be called _______means.

The pretest-posttest control group design is also considered a________ design.

In a between-participants posttest-only design

The defining characteristic of a factorial experimental design is

Which of the following factors should you consider when deciding on what research design to use?

Introduction to Scientific Research

Research Approaches and Methods of Data Collection

Problem Identification and Hypothesis Formation

Ethics

Measuring Variables and Sampling

Research Validity

Control Techniques in Experimental Research

Procedure for Conducting an Experiment

Quasi-Experimental Designs

Single-Case Research Designs

Survey Research

Qualitative and Mixed Methods Research

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Preparing the Research Report for Presentation or Publication

Filters

Use the following table to answer questions -The A₁ mean, A₂ mean, and A₃ mean represent the main effect of IV_A and can also be called _______means.