Exam 2: Research Approaches and Methods of Data Collection

The third variable problem refers to

Which of the following is an example of data collected in a quantitative research study?

A research technique that combines features of both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs - testing cohorts of individuals but also retesting them over time - is referred to as______ a design.

_______research is primarily descriptive and useful in theory generation while_______ research is more useful in testing hypotheses.

________are a paper and pencil self report method of collecting attitude and opinion information, while ______are a face to face self report method for collecting the same information.

If we find that two variables are correlated, which of the following conclusions would be unjustified?

A researcher decides to measure the development of moral reasoning from early to late childhood. At a single point in time she tests 20 four-year olds, 20 six-year olds, and 20 eight-year olds by presenting each with the same moral dilemma and recording their responses on a questionnaire. She then compares the performance of the three groups. The researcher is using a type of design referred to as:

Suppose a researcher used a cross-sectional research design and found that older adults tend to be more socially conservative than younger adults. He concludes that as we get older we tend to become more conservative in our thinking. Which of the following is a potential problem with this conclusion?

Experimental research, as opposed to nonexperimental research, allows us to make statements about cause- and-effect relationships. Why is this so?

Qualitative research is interpretive, which involves

_______studies collect numerical data, while___________ studies collect non-numerical data.

Which of the following is a strength of a face to face interview over a paper and pencil questionnaire?

Field experiments, according to Tunnell 1977), should include:

In a study designed to identify factors involved in helping behavior, a man on a crowded bus clutches his chest and falls to the floor. In one of the conditions of the study the man is clean shaven and wearing a suit; in the other condition he has a scraggly beard and is wearing a dirty t-shirt and jeans. The amount of time it takes for someone to help the man is recorded. In this example the dependent variable is

Why might laboratory experiments be criticized as less than valuable and potentially problematic?

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative variable?

The _____variable is the presumed cause of another variable while the______ variable is the presumed effect.

Compared with field research, which of the following is true about laboratory research?

Which of the following methods of data collection is used to measure personality, aptitude, achievement, or performance?

Which of the following could be considered a limitation of qualitative research?