Question 1

Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex?

Accepted Answer

A) sensory receptor → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → efferent nerve fiber → gland 
B) sensory receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → gland 
C) sensory receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → gland 
D) sensory receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → gland 
E) sensory receptor → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → gland 
A) sensory receptor → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → efferent nerve fiber → gland 
B) sensory receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → gland 
C) sensory receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → gland 
D) sensory receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → gland 
E) sensory receptor → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → gland

Question 2

The sympathetic chain of ganglia (paravertebral ganglia) is found at the levels of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A) cervical and thoracic 
B) thoracic and lumbar 
C) thoracic, lumbar and sacral 
D) sacral, lumbar and coccygeal 
E) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal 
A) cervical and thoracic 
B) thoracic and lumbar 
C) thoracic, lumbar and sacral 
D) sacral, lumbar and coccygeal 
E) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

Question 3

Sympathetic fibers do not release

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine. 
B) nitric oxide (NO). 
C) substance P. 
D) neuropeptide Y. 
E) norepinephrine. 
A) acetylcholine. 
B) nitric oxide (NO). 
C) substance P. 
D) neuropeptide Y. 
E) norepinephrine.

Question 4

The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The autonomic effect on a target cell depends only on the neurotransmitter reaching that target cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Most autonomic efferent pathways involve one neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The adrenal medulla secretes mostly

Accepted Answer

A) norepinephrine (noradrenaline). 
B) dopamine. 
C) endorphins. 
D) acetylcholine (ACh). 
E) epinephrine (adrenaline). 
A) norepinephrine (noradrenaline). 
B) dopamine. 
C) endorphins. 
D) acetylcholine (ACh). 
E) epinephrine (adrenaline).

Question 9

Which one of the following is made up of primarily adrenergic fibers?

Accepted Answer

A) preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division 
B) postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division 
C) postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division 
D) all motor fibers of the somatic motor system 
E) preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic division 
A) preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division 
B) postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division 
C) postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division 
D) all motor fibers of the somatic motor system 
E) preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic division

Question 10

Sympathetic effects tend to last than parasympathetic effects.One reason is that .

Accepted Answer

A) shorter; acetylcholine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down 
B) longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down 
C) about the same; the two divisions use the same neurotransmitters 
D) shorter; acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (ACh
E)  
E) longer; acetylcholine is broken down by monoamine oxidase (MAO) 
A) shorter; acetylcholine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down 
B) longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down 
C) about the same; the two divisions use the same neurotransmitters 
D) shorter; acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (ACh
E)  
E) longer; acetylcholine is broken down by monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Question 11

A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a neuron, and releases the neurotransmitter .

Accepted Answer

A) preganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh) 
B) postganglionic; norepinephrine (N
E)  
C) preganglionic; norepinephrine (N
E)  
D) postganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh) 
E) somatic; norepinephrine (N
E)  
A) preganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh) 
B) postganglionic; norepinephrine (N
E)  
C) preganglionic; norepinephrine (N
E)  
D) postganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh) 
E) somatic; norepinephrine (N
E)

Question 12

Preganglionic fibers of the autonomic efferent pathway are and secrete .

Accepted Answer

A) myelinated; norepinephrine (N
E)  
B) myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) 
C) myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine(N
E)  
D) unmyelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) 
E) unmyelinated; norepinephrine(N
E)  
A) myelinated; norepinephrine (N
E)  
B) myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) 
C) myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine(N
E)  
D) unmyelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) 
E) unmyelinated; norepinephrine(N
E)

Question 13

These are all features of the sympathetic division except

Accepted Answer

A) it originates in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. 
B) it has long postganglionic fibers. 
C) it has long preganglionic fibers. 
D) its ganglia are adjacent to the spinal column. 
E) it has an extensive neural divergence and a relative widespread effect. 
A) it originates in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. 
B) it has long postganglionic fibers. 
C) it has long preganglionic fibers. 
D) its ganglia are adjacent to the spinal column. 
E) it has an extensive neural divergence and a relative widespread effect.

Question 14

nerve(s) pass(es) throughout sympathetic ganglia without synapsing.

Accepted Answer

A) Facial 
B) Trigeminal 
C) Vagus 
D) Celiac 
E) Splanchnic 
A) Facial 
B) Trigeminal 
C) Vagus 
D) Celiac 
E) Splanchnic

Question 15

The motor pathway of the autonomic nervous system usually involves neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) no 
B) one 
C) two 
D) three 
E) four 
A) no 
B) one 
C) two 
D) three 
E) four

Question 16

Damage to the may affect near vision accommodation.

Accepted Answer

A) celiac ganglion 
B) oculomotor nerve (CN III) 
C) facial nerve (CN VII) 
D) glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) 
E) cardiac plexus 
A) celiac ganglion 
B) oculomotor nerve (CN III) 
C) facial nerve (CN VII) 
D) glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) 
E) cardiac plexus

Question 17

All preganglionic fibers pass through the sympathetic chain of ganglia synapsing at least once there.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Somatic reflexes act faster than visceral reflexes.These are all reasons for this except

Accepted Answer

A) effector pathway in the somatic reflex arc is myelinated 
B) effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more neurons 
C) effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more chemical synapses 
D) some of the neurons in the effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc are unmyelinated 
E) effector organs in the somatic reflex are closer to the spinal cord 
A) effector pathway in the somatic reflex arc is myelinated 
B) effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more neurons 
C) effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc involves more chemical synapses 
D) some of the neurons in the effector pathway in the visceral reflex arc are unmyelinated 
E) effector organs in the somatic reflex are closer to the spinal cord

Question 19

The autonomic nervous system is composed of ganglia in the central nervous system and ganglia in
the periphery.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The binding of to a nicotinic receptor of a muscle fiber will it.

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine; excite 
B) norepinephrine; excite 
C) monoamine oxidase; inhibit 
D) acetylcholine; inhibit 
E) acetylcholinesterase; excite 
A) acetylcholine; excite 
B) norepinephrine; excite 
C) monoamine oxidase; inhibit 
D) acetylcholine; inhibit 
E) acetylcholinesterase; excite

Exam 15: The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex?

The sympathetic chain of ganglia (paravertebral ganglia) is found at the levels of the spinal cord.

Sympathetic fibers do not release

The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis.

Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs.

The autonomic effect on a target cell depends only on the neurotransmitter reaching that target cell.

Most autonomic efferent pathways involve one neuron.

The adrenal medulla secretes mostly

Which one of the following is made up of primarily adrenergic fibers?

Sympathetic effects tend to last than parasympathetic effects.One reason is that .

A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a neuron, and releases the neurotransmitter .

Preganglionic fibers of the autonomic efferent pathway are and secrete .

These are all features of the sympathetic division except

nerve(s) pass(es) throughout sympathetic ganglia without synapsing.

The motor pathway of the autonomic nervous system usually involves neurons.

Damage to the may affect near vision accommodation.

All preganglionic fibers pass through the sympathetic chain of ganglia synapsing at least once there.

Somatic reflexes act faster than visceral reflexes.These are all reasons for this except

The autonomic nervous system is composed of ganglia in the central nervous system and ganglia in the periphery.

The binding of to a nicotinic receptor of a muscle fiber will it.

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