Question 1

The major difference between scientists and others who study social behavior is that scientists

Accepted Answer

A)  are more expert about human behavior. 
B)  use an empirical approach. 
C)  have more valid personal experiences. 
D)  take a more logical approach. 
A)  are more expert about human behavior. 
B)  use an empirical approach. 
C)  have more valid personal experiences. 
D)  take a more logical approach.

Question 2

Scientific research is empirical. This means that it is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  rational reflection. 
B)  logical reasoning. 
C)  systematic collection and analysis of data. 
D)  prior theorizing. 
A)  rational reflection. 
B)  logical reasoning. 
C)  systematic collection and analysis of data. 
D)  prior theorizing.

Question 3

Facts are examples of statements that are free from bias or personal emotion. This means that facts are

Accepted Answer

A)  variable. 
B)  objective. 
C)  empirical. 
D)  data. 
A)  variable. 
B)  objective. 
C)  empirical. 
D)  data.

Question 4

In research by Nisbett and Wilson, research participants read information about a woman who spilled coffee during a job interview. The surprising finding of this study was that

Accepted Answer

A)  research participants were quite accurate in indicating why they liked or did not like the applicant. 
B)  although the research participants believed that spilling coffee made them like the applicant less, it actually made them like her more. 
C)  although the research participants did not know it, spilling coffee actually made them like the woman less. 
D)  there was no observed relationship between the spilling of coffee and the research participants' liking of the woman. 
A)  research participants were quite accurate in indicating why they liked or did not like the applicant. 
B)  although the research participants believed that spilling coffee made them like the applicant less, it actually made them like her more. 
C)  although the research participants did not know it, spilling coffee actually made them like the woman less. 
D)  there was no observed relationship between the spilling of coffee and the research participants' liking of the woman.

Question 5

Which of the following best differentiates basic research from applied research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Basic research represents a broader and more informative study of human behavior than does applied research. 
B)  Basic research answers more specific questions about human behavior than does applied research. 
C)  Basic research is not useful without applied research. 
D)  Basic research concerns the fundamental relationships between variables, whereas applied research addresses specific social or practical problems. 
A)  Basic research represents a broader and more informative study of human behavior than does applied research. 
B)  Basic research answers more specific questions about human behavior than does applied research. 
C)  Basic research is not useful without applied research. 
D)  Basic research concerns the fundamental relationships between variables, whereas applied research addresses specific social or practical problems.

Question 6

Because the ability to play golf differs from person to person, it can be considered

Accepted Answer

A)  a predictor. 
B)  a manipulation. 
C)  a variable. 
D)  a relationship. 
A)  a predictor. 
B)  a manipulation. 
C)  a variable. 
D)  a relationship.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about human behavior is best tested using a correlational research design?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who drink alcohol more frequently are also less likely to practice safe sex. 
B)  A decrease in daily temperature can cause a decrease in mood. 
C)  Children frequently talk to themselves even when they are playing with other children. 
D)  Good grades are caused by sitting in front of the class. 
A)  People who drink alcohol more frequently are also less likely to practice safe sex. 
B)  A decrease in daily temperature can cause a decrease in mood. 
C)  Children frequently talk to themselves even when they are playing with other children. 
D)  Good grades are caused by sitting in front of the class.

Question 8

It is not usually a good idea to rely upon people's intuition about the causes of behavior because

Accepted Answer

A)  people cannot report on their intuition. 
B)  people don't usually tell the truth. 
C)  people can be inaccurate about why they do what they do. 
D)  intuition is too much related to extrasensory perception. 
A)  people cannot report on their intuition. 
B)  people don't usually tell the truth. 
C)  people can be inaccurate about why they do what they do. 
D)  intuition is too much related to extrasensory perception.

Question 9

Which of the following were observed results of the research of Brendl, Chattopadhyay, Pelham, and Carvallo (2005) on preference for letters of one's own name?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants preferred teas that included the letters of their own name. 
B)  Participants guessed that the study had been rigged. 
C)  Participants were aware of the causes of their behavior. 
D)  Participants wrote about an aspect of themselves that they would like to change. 
A)  Participants preferred teas that included the letters of their own name. 
B)  Participants guessed that the study had been rigged. 
C)  Participants were aware of the causes of their behavior. 
D)  Participants wrote about an aspect of themselves that they would like to change.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT accomplished by the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)  The collective data are reported so that they can be scrutinized by the public and by other scientists. 
B)  People can use the reported data to draw their own conclusions. 
C)  The scientist makes clear exactly how he or she has collected the data. 
D)  There is no longer any question about how to interpret data. 
A)  The collective data are reported so that they can be scrutinized by the public and by other scientists. 
B)  People can use the reported data to draw their own conclusions. 
C)  The scientist makes clear exactly how he or she has collected the data. 
D)  There is no longer any question about how to interpret data.

Question 11

One of the most important uses of behavioral research is to

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent unwanted technological development. 
B)  change the moral behavior of individuals. 
C)  study and provide solutions to important human problems. 
D)  discipline scientists who conduct unethical research. 
A)  prevent unwanted technological development. 
B)  change the moral behavior of individuals. 
C)  study and provide solutions to important human problems. 
D)  discipline scientists who conduct unethical research.

Question 12

Which of the following terms describes the systematic collection and analysis of data?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  logical 
C)  empirical 
D)  tautological 
A)  experimental 
B)  logical 
C)  empirical 
D)  tautological

Question 13

A survey researcher conducts a poll that indicates that 54 percent of the population of a city favors the Democratic candidate. The researcher's data represent which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Basic research 
B)  Correlational research 
C)  Naturalistic operations 
D)  Descriptive research 
A)  Basic research 
B)  Correlational research 
C)  Naturalistic operations 
D)  Descriptive research

Question 14

A scientist who studies how clinical psychotherapy can be used to improve the mental health of depressed patients is conducting

Accepted Answer

A)  applied research. 
B)  correlational research. 
C)  variable research. 
D)  experimental research. 
A)  applied research. 
B)  correlational research. 
C)  variable research. 
D)  experimental research.

Question 15

Statements that are based on a systematic collection and analysis of data are called

Accepted Answer

A)  value-laden. 
B)  empirical. 
C)  subjective. 
D)  rational. 
A)  value-laden. 
B)  empirical. 
C)  subjective. 
D)  rational.

Question 16

Which one of the following items should NOT be influenced by the values of the scientist?

Accepted Answer

A)  The topic chosen for study 
B)  Whether the collected data are objectively analyzed and reported 
C)  When and where research is published 
D)  The participants chosen for study 
A)  The topic chosen for study 
B)  Whether the collected data are objectively analyzed and reported 
C)  When and where research is published 
D)  The participants chosen for study

Question 17

Which of the following is predicted by the hindsight bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  People will perceive that time goes by faster as they get older. 
B)  It will be easier to remember events that happened in the recent past than to remember events that happened a long time ago. 
C)  Events that have already occurred will be judged as being more likely to have occurred than they would have been before they occurred. 
D)  Events that are easy to imagine will be judged as being more likely than events that are less easy to imagine. 
A)  People will perceive that time goes by faster as they get older. 
B)  It will be easier to remember events that happened in the recent past than to remember events that happened a long time ago. 
C)  Events that have already occurred will be judged as being more likely to have occurred than they would have been before they occurred. 
D)  Events that are easy to imagine will be judged as being more likely than events that are less easy to imagine.

The major difference between scientists and others who study social behavior is that scientists

Scientific research is empirical. This means that it is based on

Facts are examples of statements that are free from bias or personal emotion. This means that facts are

In research by Nisbett and Wilson, research participants read information about a woman who spilled coffee during a job interview. The surprising finding of this study was that

Which of the following best differentiates basic research from applied research?

Because the ability to play golf differs from person to person, it can be considered

Which of the following statements about human behavior is best tested using a correlational research design?

It is not usually a good idea to rely upon people's intuition about the causes of behavior because

Which of the following were observed results of the research of Brendl, Chattopadhyay, Pelham, and Carvallo (2005) on preference for letters of one's own name?

Which of the following is NOT accomplished by the scientific method?

One of the most important uses of behavioral research is to

Which of the following terms describes the systematic collection and analysis of data?

A survey researcher conducts a poll that indicates that 54 percent of the population of a city favors the Democratic candidate. The researcher's data represent which of the following?

A scientist who studies how clinical psychotherapy can be used to improve the mental health of depressed patients is conducting

Statements that are based on a systematic collection and analysis of data are called

Which one of the following items should NOT be influenced by the values of the scientist?

Which of the following is predicted by the hindsight bias?

Developing the Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction to Research

The major difference between scientists and others who study social behavior is that scientists

Scientific research is empirical. This means that it is based on

Facts are examples of statements that are free from bias or personal emotion. This means that facts are

In research by Nisbett and Wilson, research participants read information about a woman who spilled coffee during a job interview. The surprising finding of this study was that

Which of the following best differentiates basic research from applied research?

Because the ability to play golf differs from person to person, it can be considered

Which of the following statements about human behavior is best tested using a correlational research design?

It is not usually a good idea to rely upon people's intuition about the causes of behavior because

Which of the following were observed results of the research of Brendl, Chattopadhyay, Pelham, and Carvallo (2005) on preference for letters of one's own name?

Which of the following is NOT accomplished by the scientific method?

One of the most important uses of behavioral research is to

Which of the following terms describes the systematic collection and analysis of data?

A survey researcher conducts a poll that indicates that 54 percent of the population of a city favors the Democratic candidate. The researcher's data represent which of the following?

A scientist who studies how clinical psychotherapy can be used to improve the mental health of depressed patients is conducting

Statements that are based on a systematic collection and analysis of data are called

Which one of the following items should NOT be influenced by the values of the scientist?

Which of the following is predicted by the hindsight bias?

Developing the Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters