Question 1

All of the following are true of lymph EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  It flows toward the heart. 
B)  It has no unique pump. 
C)  Lymphocytes and antibodies flow through the lymph. 
D)  It comes from fluid that has leaked out of blood vessels. 
E)  It contains wastes such as degraded proteins and toxins. 
A)  It flows toward the heart. 
B)  It has no unique pump. 
C)  Lymphocytes and antibodies flow through the lymph. 
D)  It comes from fluid that has leaked out of blood vessels. 
E)  It contains wastes such as degraded proteins and toxins.

Question 2

The immunological synapse refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  binding of a monocyte or macrophage to the antigen so that it can act as an antigen- presenting cell. 
B)  interaction of the many cytokines produced by different immunological cells. 
C)  interaction between a T cell and an antigen- presenting cell to produce a specialized contact area for communication between these cells. 
D)  interaction between lymphocytes and foreign antigens to produce memory cells. 
E)  activation of a B cell to become a plasma cell. 
A)  binding of a monocyte or macrophage to the antigen so that it can act as an antigen- presenting cell. 
B)  interaction of the many cytokines produced by different immunological cells. 
C)  interaction between a T cell and an antigen- presenting cell to produce a specialized contact area for communication between these cells. 
D)  interaction between lymphocytes and foreign antigens to produce memory cells. 
E)  activation of a B cell to become a plasma cell.

Question 3

Peyer's patches are found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  mammary glands. 
B)  spleen. 
C)  tonsils. 
D)  small intestine. 
E)  respiratory tract. 
A)  mammary glands. 
B)  spleen. 
C)  tonsils. 
D)  small intestine. 
E)  respiratory tract.

Question 4

Describe the mechanisms of action of antibodies.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies act against foreign antigens

Question 5

Clonal deletion removes lymphocytes that react to .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clonal deletion removes lymphocytes that react to...

Question 6

IgM is the most common class of antibodies in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Cytokines are soluble regulatory proteins that act as intercellular signals and include substances such as interleukins, interferon, and growth factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The MALT lacks the tough outer capsule of a lymph node, but functions in the same way.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following characteristics would NOT make a molecule more antigenic?

Accepted Answer

A)  a molecule with many epitopes 
B)  a molecular mass less than 5000 daltons 
C)  a stable molecule that maintains a definite shape 
D)  a complex molecule with many antigenic determinants 
E)  complex molecules like a glycoprotein or phospholipid 
A)  a molecule with many epitopes 
B)  a molecular mass less than 5000 daltons 
C)  a stable molecule that maintains a definite shape 
D)  a complex molecule with many antigenic determinants 
E)  complex molecules like a glycoprotein or phospholipid

Question 10

Major histocompatibility antigens are

Accepted Answer

A)  glycoproteins found on the surface of most vertebrate animals. 
B)  antigens that provoke allergic reactions. 
C)  antigens attached to foreign invaders. 
D)  not really antigens, but rather antibodies produced to mask foreign antigens. 
E)  antigens that must be processed by cells called histiocytes in order to be recognized by the immune system. 
A)  glycoproteins found on the surface of most vertebrate animals. 
B)  antigens that provoke allergic reactions. 
C)  antigens attached to foreign invaders. 
D)  not really antigens, but rather antibodies produced to mask foreign antigens. 
E)  antigens that must be processed by cells called histiocytes in order to be recognized by the immune system.

Question 11

Secretory IgA and the IgA in the blood have the same chemical composition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Class II MHC (major histocompatibility) antigens are only found on

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle. 
B)  red blood cells. 
C)  lymphocytes and antigen- presenting cells. 
D)  nucleated cell membranes. 
E)  the skin. 
A)  muscle. 
B)  red blood cells. 
C)  lymphocytes and antigen- presenting cells. 
D)  nucleated cell membranes. 
E)  the skin.

Question 13

The type of immunoglobulin produced during the initial stages of an immune response is

Accepted Answer

A)  IgD. 
B)  IgM. 
C)  IgE. 
D)  IgA. 
E)  IgG. 
A)  IgD. 
B)  IgM. 
C)  IgE. 
D)  IgA. 
E)  IgG.

Question 14

Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  autoimmune responses. 
B)  primary immune responses. 
C)  allergic responses. 
D)  third- degree immune responses. 
E)  memory responses. 
A)  autoimmune responses. 
B)  primary immune responses. 
C)  allergic responses. 
D)  third- degree immune responses. 
E)  memory responses.

Question 15

When a T cell and an antigen- presenting cell interact, a specialized contact called a(n) _ forms between them.

Accepted Answer

immunologi

Question 16

Discuss the basic structure of the antibody molecule.

Accepted Answer

The antibody molecule is composed of fou

Question 17

The Fc portion of an antibody is formed by

Accepted Answer

A)  the lower portions of the heavy chains. 
B)  one light chain and one heavy chain. 
C)  the upper portions of the light chains. 
D)  the upper portions of the heavy chains. 
E)  the lower portions of the light chains. 
A)  the lower portions of the heavy chains. 
B)  one light chain and one heavy chain. 
C)  the upper portions of the light chains. 
D)  the upper portions of the heavy chains. 
E)  the lower portions of the light chains.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT considered a function of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can bind two microbial cells together, leading to agglutination. 
B)  They can enhance phagocytosis. 
C)  They can produce toxins that directly kill bacteria. 
D)  They can block the attachment molecules on the surface of bacteria and viruses in order to prevent them from attaching to their target cells. 
E)  They can bind to crucial parts of toxins and deactivate them. 
A)  They can bind two microbial cells together, leading to agglutination. 
B)  They can enhance phagocytosis. 
C)  They can produce toxins that directly kill bacteria. 
D)  They can block the attachment molecules on the surface of bacteria and viruses in order to prevent them from attaching to their target cells. 
E)  They can bind to crucial parts of toxins and deactivate them.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about helper T cells is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be distinguished from other T lymphocytes by the presence of certain glycoproteins. 
B)  They function in conjunction with B cells. 
C)  They secrete messenger proteins called perforins. 
D)  There are two types: TH1 and TH2. 
E)  They are destroyed in HIV- infected individuals. 
A)  They can be distinguished from other T lymphocytes by the presence of certain glycoproteins. 
B)  They function in conjunction with B cells. 
C)  They secrete messenger proteins called perforins. 
D)  There are two types: TH1 and TH2. 
E)  They are destroyed in HIV- infected individuals.

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning T- independent responses is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are slow responses. 
B)  Cytokines are required for their success. 
C)  T- independent antigens produce extensive cross- linking between BCRs. 
D)  They can involve Toll- like receptors on B cells. 
E)  They are weak and disappear quickly. 
A)  They are slow responses. 
B)  Cytokines are required for their success. 
C)  T- independent antigens produce extensive cross- linking between BCRs. 
D)  They can involve Toll- like receptors on B cells. 
E)  They are weak and disappear quickly.

Exam 16: Adaptive Immunity

All of the following are true of lymph EXCEPT:

The immunological synapse refers to the

Peyer's patches are found in the

Describe the mechanisms of action of antibodies.

Clonal deletion removes lymphocytes that react to .

IgM is the most common class of antibodies in the blood.

Cytokines are soluble regulatory proteins that act as intercellular signals and include substances such as interleukins, interferon, and growth factors.

The MALT lacks the tough outer capsule of a lymph node, but functions in the same way.

Which of the following characteristics would NOT make a molecule more antigenic?

Major histocompatibility antigens are

Secretory IgA and the IgA in the blood have the same chemical composition.

Class II MHC (major histocompatibility) antigens are only found on

The type of immunoglobulin produced during the initial stages of an immune response is

Enhanced immune responses to subsequent exposures to an antigen to which the body has already been exposed are known as

When a T cell and an antigen- presenting cell interact, a specialized contact called a(n) _ forms between them.

Discuss the basic structure of the antibody molecule.

The Fc portion of an antibody is formed by

Which of the following is NOT considered a function of an antibody?

Which of the following statements about helper T cells is incorrect?

Which of the following statements concerning T- independent responses is incorrect?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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