Question 1

A Type I error refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is true 
B)  The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false 
C)  The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false 
D)  The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true 
A)  The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is true 
B)  The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false 
C)  The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is false 
D)  The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true D

Question 2

Increasing the sensitivity of experimental measures may lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase errors in data interpretation 
B)  Decrease generality of research findings 
C)  Increase generality of research findings 
D)  Both a and c 
A)  Increase errors in data interpretation 
B)  Decrease generality of research findings 
C)  Increase generality of research findings 
D)  Both a and c B

Question 3

Probability levels refer to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha 
B)  The probability of a null effect 
C)  Beta 
D)  The level of certainty of an effect 
A)  Alpha 
B)  The probability of a null effect 
C)  Beta 
D)  The level of certainty of an effect A

Question 4

To increase construct validity, an experimenter should:

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease external validity and decrease the number of experimental stimuli 
B)  Increase external validity and increase the number of experimental stimuli 
C)  Decrease variability in experimental procedure and decrease the number of experimenters 
D)  Increase power of the experiment and decrease the internal validity 
A)  Decrease external validity and decrease the number of experimental stimuli 
B)  Increase external validity and increase the number of experimental stimuli 
C)  Decrease variability in experimental procedure and decrease the number of experimenters 
D)  Increase power of the experiment and decrease the internal validity

Question 5

What is a potentially serious threat to construct validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participant is unaware what is being measured 
B)  Untrue rumors about a study 
C)  Participants all receive same instructions 
D)  Several measures of the same variable 
A)  Participant is unaware what is being measured 
B)  Untrue rumors about a study 
C)  Participants all receive same instructions 
D)  Several measures of the same variable

Question 6

What is the most likely impact of low power in a study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Experimenters are more likely to reject the null hypothesis 
B)  Experimenters are more likely to accept the null hypothesis 
C)  The design may not be measuring the construct of interest 
D)  Differences between groups are more likely to seem significant, when they are not actually significant 
A)  Experimenters are more likely to reject the null hypothesis 
B)  Experimenters are more likely to accept the null hypothesis 
C)  The design may not be measuring the construct of interest 
D)  Differences between groups are more likely to seem significant, when they are not actually significant

Question 7

If a difference between groups is found to be statistically significant, the difference is thought to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  Important 
B)  A large effect 
C)  Reliable 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Important 
B)  A large effect 
C)  Reliable 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

What must be determined before construct validity is considered?

Accepted Answer

A)  The experiment has face validity 
B)  The experiment is conducting using no less than two measures of each construct 
C)  The experiment has sufficient external validity 
D)  The experiment has sufficient internal validity 
A)  The experiment has face validity 
B)  The experiment is conducting using no less than two measures of each construct 
C)  The experiment has sufficient external validity 
D)  The experiment has sufficient internal validity

Question 9

Construct validity is primarily concerned with:

Accepted Answer

A)  The explanation of the causal relationship between the experimental manipulation and the outcome 
B)  The rationale for the measurement used in the experiment 
C)  Ruling out alternative operational definitions of the construct of interest 
D)  The validity of the interpretation in defining the construct of interest 
A)  The explanation of the causal relationship between the experimental manipulation and the outcome 
B)  The rationale for the measurement used in the experiment 
C)  Ruling out alternative operational definitions of the construct of interest 
D)  The validity of the interpretation in defining the construct of interest

Question 10

Which of the following represent a threat to statistical conclusion validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unreliable and invalid measures 
B)  Lack of variability in responses to a measure 
C)  Few statistical analyses 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Unreliable and invalid measures 
B)  Lack of variability in responses to a measure 
C)  Few statistical analyses 
D)  All of the above

Question 11

Which statement accurately describes effect size?

Accepted Answer

A)  An effect size refers to the statistical significance of an effect 
B)  An effect size refers to the magnitude of a difference between groups 
C)  An effect size is represented in standard units 
D)  Both b and c 
A)  An effect size refers to the statistical significance of an effect 
B)  An effect size refers to the magnitude of a difference between groups 
C)  An effect size is represented in standard units 
D)  Both b and c

Question 12

Placebo effects e.g., for clinical depression) tends to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Have small effects on psychological problems 
B)  Be a little better than no treatment but for many people 
C)  Often produces powerful and dramatic effects 
D)  Be very transient which is why active drugs work better 
A)  Have small effects on psychological problems 
B)  Be a little better than no treatment but for many people 
C)  Often produces powerful and dramatic effects 
D)  Be very transient which is why active drugs work better

Question 13

When is contact and attention a threat to the construct validity of an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants expectations may explain the findings 
B)  Participants are not influenced by the experimental manipulation 
C)  Participant are not given enough attention 
D)  Control participants are not given the same manipulation as actual participants 
A)  Participants expectations may explain the findings 
B)  Participants are not influenced by the experimental manipulation 
C)  Participant are not given enough attention 
D)  Control participants are not given the same manipulation as actual participants

Question 14

In an experiment, power is a function of:

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of variables being measured and the beta level 
B)  The effect size, internal validity and the beta level 
C)  The number of participants, alpha level and effect size 
D)  The effect size, statistical significance, and the alpha level 
A)  The number of variables being measured and the beta level 
B)  The effect size, internal validity and the beta level 
C)  The number of participants, alpha level and effect size 
D)  The effect size, statistical significance, and the alpha level

Question 15

The null hypothesis specifies:

Accepted Answer

A)  There are differences exist between participants 
B)  There are no differences between groups 
C)  The difference between conditions is not significant 
D)  The observed results are not the true results 
A)  There are differences exist between participants 
B)  There are no differences between groups 
C)  The difference between conditions is not significant 
D)  The observed results are not the true results

A Type I error refers to:

Increasing the sensitivity of experimental measures may lead to:

Probability levels refer to:

To increase construct validity, an experimenter should:

What is a potentially serious threat to construct validity?

What is the most likely impact of low power in a study?

If a difference between groups is found to be statistically significant, the difference is thought to be:

What must be determined before construct validity is considered?

Construct validity is primarily concerned with:

Which of the following represent a threat to statistical conclusion validity?

Which statement accurately describes effect size?

Placebo effects e.g., for clinical depression) tends to:

When is contact and attention a threat to the construct validity of an experiment?

In an experiment, power is a function of:

The null hypothesis specifies:

Drawing Valid Inferences I: Internal and External Validity

Sources of Artifact and Bias

Selection of the Research Problem and Design

Experimental Research: Group Designs

Control and Comparison Groups

Assessing the Impact of the Experimental Manipulation

Observational Research: Case-Control and Cohort Designs

The Case Study and Single-Case Research Designs

Evaluation of the Single Case in Clinical Work

Qualitative Research Methods: an Overview

Assessment Methods and Strategies

Assessment and Evaluation of Interventions

Statistical Methods of Data Evaluation

Interpretation of the Data

Ethical Issues and Guidelines for Research

Publication and Communication of Research Findings

Filters

Exam 3: Drawing Valid Inferences Ii: Construct and Statistical Conclusion Validity

A Type I error refers to:

Increasing the sensitivity of experimental measures may lead to:

Probability levels refer to:

To increase construct validity, an experimenter should:

What is a potentially serious threat to construct validity?

What is the most likely impact of low power in a study?

If a difference between groups is found to be statistically significant, the difference is thought to be:

What must be determined before construct validity is considered?

Construct validity is primarily concerned with:

Which of the following represent a threat to statistical conclusion validity?

Which statement accurately describes effect size?

Placebo effects e.g., for clinical depression) tends to:

When is contact and attention a threat to the construct validity of an experiment?

In an experiment, power is a function of:

The null hypothesis specifies:

Drawing Valid Inferences I: Internal and External Validity

Sources of Artifact and Bias

Selection of the Research Problem and Design

Experimental Research: Group Designs

Control and Comparison Groups

Assessing the Impact of the Experimental Manipulation

Observational Research: Case-Control and Cohort Designs

The Case Study and Single-Case Research Designs

Evaluation of the Single Case in Clinical Work

Qualitative Research Methods: an Overview

Assessment Methods and Strategies

Assessment and Evaluation of Interventions

Statistical Methods of Data Evaluation

Interpretation of the Data

Ethical Issues and Guidelines for Research

Publication and Communication of Research Findings

Filters