Question 1

A randomized controlled clinical trial refers to what type of design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some participants are randomly assigned to treatment conditions for a trial period 
B)  Participants with a particular disorder are randomly assigned to treatment or control groups 
C)  Participants are assigned to a control group followed by different treatment conditions 
D)  Participants choose from a number of treatment and control conditions 
A)  Some participants are randomly assigned to treatment conditions for a trial period 
B)  Participants with a particular disorder are randomly assigned to treatment or control groups 
C)  Participants are assigned to a control group followed by different treatment conditions 
D)  Participants choose from a number of treatment and control conditions B

Question 2

How does cross-sectional research differ from longitudinal research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Longitudinal research measures the same participants overtime 
B)  Longitudinal research explores less complex research questions 
C)  Cross-sectional research has less external validity 
D)  Cross-sectional research measures how people actually change 
A)  Longitudinal research measures the same participants overtime 
B)  Longitudinal research explores less complex research questions 
C)  Cross-sectional research has less external validity 
D)  Cross-sectional research measures how people actually change A

Question 3

When two variables A, B) are related, one may come before A then B) or after B then A) the other over time, or they both may occur at the same point in time A & B together). Which of the following does not indicate a sequence or necessary order of two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cause 
B)  Correlation 
C)  Risk factor 
D)  Mediator 
A)  Cause 
B)  Correlation 
C)  Risk factor 
D)  Mediator B

Question 4

Which of the following seeks to answer, by what process does A lead to B?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moderator 
B)  Correlation 
C)  Risk factor 
D)  Mediator 
A)  Moderator 
B)  Correlation 
C)  Risk factor 
D)  Mediator

Question 5

When is external validity less of a concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  When one does not care about one's career as a researcher 
B)  If one is testing a theory 
C)  If one is not interested in generalizing the findings 
D)  Both b and c 
A)  When one does not care about one's career as a researcher 
B)  If one is testing a theory 
C)  If one is not interested in generalizing the findings 
D)  Both b and c

Question 6

In a single-case design, how are measures usually obtained/administered?

Accepted Answer

A)  Several different measures in one or two sessions 
B)  Several measures over days or weeks 
C)  A few measures in one session 
D)  A single measure or task is administered 
A)  Several different measures in one or two sessions 
B)  Several measures over days or weeks 
C)  A few measures in one session 
D)  A single measure or task is administered

Question 7

Which of the following most seriously limits operational definitions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Numerous measures assessing the same construct 
B)  Overly precise and simplified definitions 
C)  Limited criteria in the definition 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Numerous measures assessing the same construct 
B)  Overly precise and simplified definitions 
C)  Limited criteria in the definition 
D)  None of the above

Question 8

Sex being male, female) often influences the relationship between two variables e.g., the effects of harsh child-rearing on later adjustment). A variable that influences the direction or magnitude of the relationship between two other variables is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Moderator 
B)  Risk factor 
C)  Correlation 
D)  Mediator 
A)  Moderator 
B)  Risk factor 
C)  Correlation 
D)  Mediator

Question 9

Cohort effects can negatively impact experimental validity because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some groups are very similar and it may be difficult to determine the impact of the manipulation 
B)  Unique characteristics may influence the study 
C)  Some groups are not willing to participate in research 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Some groups are very similar and it may be difficult to determine the impact of the manipulation 
B)  Unique characteristics may influence the study 
C)  Some groups are not willing to participate in research 
D)  All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an environmental variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  A participant's community 
B)  A participant's traits or attributes 
C)  The experimenter's attitude and mannerisms 
D)  A false cover story told to a participant 
A)  A participant's community 
B)  A participant's traits or attributes 
C)  The experimenter's attitude and mannerisms 
D)  A false cover story told to a participant

Question 11

What is a case-control study?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a factorial design with at least two groups 
B)  It is a study with at least one treatment condition 
C)  It is a correlational study 
D)  It is a study that allows the experimenter to determine the impact of multiple treatments 
A)  It is a factorial design with at least two groups 
B)  It is a study with at least one treatment condition 
C)  It is a correlational study 
D)  It is a study that allows the experimenter to determine the impact of multiple treatments

Question 12

Why are latent variables better suited than observed variables to assess constructs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Latent variables are based on several measures of different variables 
B)  Latent variables represent variables that partic ipants are not aware of during the experiment 
C)  Latent variables are more restricted and easier to control than observed variables 
D)  Latent variables are based on different measures of the same variable 
A)  Latent variables are based on several measures of different variables 
B)  Latent variables represent variables that partic ipants are not aware of during the experiment 
C)  Latent variables are more restricted and easier to control than observed variables 
D)  Latent variables are based on different measures of the same variable

Question 13

What is an independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  A variable that is manipulated to produce some change 
B)  A variable that is measures to determine the change caused by a manipulation 
C)  A variable that is not influenced by extraneous factors 
D)  A variable that is used to determine the effectiveness of treatment 
A)  A variable that is manipulated to produce some change 
B)  A variable that is measures to determine the change caused by a manipulation 
C)  A variable that is not influenced by extraneous factors 
D)  A variable that is used to determine the effectiveness of treatment

Question 14

A true experiment is desirable because:

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows experimenters the most control over the experimental manipulation 
B)  It allows the strongest basis for drawing inferences 
C)  It allows experimenters to determine the impact of the experimental manipulation 
D)  Both a and b 
A)  It allows experimenters the most control over the experimental manipulation 
B)  It allows the strongest basis for drawing inferences 
C)  It allows experimenters to determine the impact of the experimental manipulation 
D)  Both a and b

Question 15

Individual difference variables are typically:

Accepted Answer

A)  Used to produce differences in performance 
B)  Measured to allow for changes in the dependent variable 
C)  Manipulated to create change in a treatment condition 
D)  Environmental contexts and participant characteristics 
A)  Used to produce differences in performance 
B)  Measured to allow for changes in the dependent variable 
C)  Manipulated to create change in a treatment condition 
D)  Environmental contexts and participant characteristics

A randomized controlled clinical trial refers to what type of design?

How does cross-sectional research differ from longitudinal research?

When two variables A, B) are related, one may come before A then B) or after B then A) the other over time, or they both may occur at the same point in time A & B together). Which of the following does not indicate a sequence or necessary order of two variables?

Which of the following seeks to answer, by what process does A lead to B?

When is external validity less of a concern?

In a single-case design, how are measures usually obtained/administered?

Which of the following most seriously limits operational definitions?

Sex being male, female) often influences the relationship between two variables e.g., the effects of harsh child-rearing on later adjustment). A variable that influences the direction or magnitude of the relationship between two other variables is referred to as a:

Cohort effects can negatively impact experimental validity because:

Which of the following is an example of an environmental variable?

What is a case-control study?

Why are latent variables better suited than observed variables to assess constructs?

What is an independent variable?

A true experiment is desirable because:

Individual difference variables are typically:

Drawing Valid Inferences I: Internal and External Validity

Drawing Valid Inferences Ii: Construct and Statistical Conclusion Validity

Sources of Artifact and Bias

Experimental Research: Group Designs

Control and Comparison Groups

Assessing the Impact of the Experimental Manipulation

Observational Research: Case-Control and Cohort Designs

The Case Study and Single-Case Research Designs

Evaluation of the Single Case in Clinical Work

Qualitative Research Methods: an Overview

Assessment Methods and Strategies

Assessment and Evaluation of Interventions

Statistical Methods of Data Evaluation

Interpretation of the Data

Ethical Issues and Guidelines for Research

Publication and Communication of Research Findings

Filters

Exam 5: Selection of the Research Problem and Design

A randomized controlled clinical trial refers to what type of design?

How does cross-sectional research differ from longitudinal research?

When two variables A, B) are related, one may come before A then B) or after B then A) the other over time, or they both may occur at the same point in time A & B together). Which of the following does not indicate a sequence or necessary order of two variables?

Which of the following seeks to answer, by what process does A lead to B?

When is external validity less of a concern?

In a single-case design, how are measures usually obtained/administered?

Which of the following most seriously limits operational definitions?

Sex being male, female) often influences the relationship between two variables e.g., the effects of harsh child-rearing on later adjustment). A variable that influences the direction or magnitude of the relationship between two other variables is referred to as a:

Cohort effects can negatively impact experimental validity because:

Which of the following is an example of an environmental variable?

What is a case-control study?

Why are latent variables better suited than observed variables to assess constructs?

What is an independent variable?

A true experiment is desirable because:

Individual difference variables are typically:

Drawing Valid Inferences I: Internal and External Validity

Drawing Valid Inferences Ii: Construct and Statistical Conclusion Validity

Sources of Artifact and Bias

Experimental Research: Group Designs

Control and Comparison Groups

Assessing the Impact of the Experimental Manipulation

Observational Research: Case-Control and Cohort Designs

The Case Study and Single-Case Research Designs

Evaluation of the Single Case in Clinical Work

Qualitative Research Methods: an Overview

Assessment Methods and Strategies

Assessment and Evaluation of Interventions

Statistical Methods of Data Evaluation

Interpretation of the Data

Ethical Issues and Guidelines for Research

Publication and Communication of Research Findings

Filters