Exam 2: The Development of Cognitive, Learning, and Language Skills

Which of the following describes theories that assume cognitive abilities are acquired gradually, with each new accomplishment building directly on those that came before it?

In the 1950s and 1960s, grouping in the classroom was widely practiced. Then came a period in which grouping was always wrong and an injustice. Today, many educators believe that grouping can be helpful if it is used selectively and in limited and flexible ways. This is an example of what type of thinking?

Any relatively permanent change occurring due to biological aging, regardless of personal experience is called:

The range between a child's level of independent performance and the level of performance a child can reach with expert guidance.

A four-month old is gazing at a toy. When you hide the toy behind your back, the infant acts as though the toy never existed. The four-month old has yet to grasp which of the following concepts?

Michael is one-year old. Piaget would expect Michael to be in which of the four stages of cognitive development?

According to this theorist, cognitive development is largely from the outside, inward.

A memory strategy in which a person, either mentally or aloud, recites information over and over again in order to remember it.

Nikki sees a Dalmatian for the first time, and realizes it is a dog. Which cognitive mechanism would Piaget say Nikki is using?

Mental patterns of organization that influence our ways of dealing with the world.

Which of the following is NOT a neo-Piagetian approach?

The behavioral theory of language acquisition emphasizes which of the following?

The structure of our language shapes our thought processes.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key concepts that describe specific mechanisms of Piaget's cognitive theory?

An example of a second-order relation is this question: In what ways that a cat and dog are alike are a robin and sparrow also alike?

The recognition that even when the physical appearance of something changes, its underlying quantity remains the same.

Individuals in this Piagetian stage can think about the reversibility of abstract ideas such as freedom (granting it and taking it away).

Which of the following is NOT a line of evidence demonstrating the importance of scaffolding for cognitive development?

Benjamin is taking a test where he is given problems to solve with no feedback about his performance. Benjamin is in which type of testing situation?

The changes in mental skills that occur through increasing maturity and experience.