Exam 6: Physical Development

With a few exceptions,all neurons are formed early in development.When does this milestone occur?

Contrast nonorganic failure-to-thrive and deprivation dwarfism in terms of their causes and their outward physical symptoms.

Relative to its final adult weight,approximately how much does the brain weigh in a newborn?

Outline the role of maturation of the prefrontal cortex in social,emotional,and cognitive development.

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding predictive factors of future obesity in children?

During which phase of development do children experience the most rapid rate of growth?

In contrast to previous periods in history,how do most girls in modern industrialized societies view the onset of menstruation?

Which principle of development does the disproportionately large size of the neonate's head relative to his or her trunk and legs reflect?

Which statement best summarizes the research findings with respect to the sequence of physical maturation?

Identify which glands produce each of the following hormones,and describe how each hormone affects growth and development: (a)thyroxine, (b)growth hormone, (c)estrogen,(d)testosterone,and (e)adrenal androgens.

Today's children are taller and heavier,and reach sexual maturity earlier than previous generations.What did Tanner ascribe this trend to?

Stacey is a neonate who was born three weeks prior to her expected due date.Her parents are concerned about the size of her head,so they measure its length relative to the length of her body.They find that although Stacey is only 53 centimetres long,her head is 12 centimetres long.Is Stacey's head-to-body proportion unusual?

Which motor behaviour is exhibited by 90 percent of typically developing infants by 9 months of age?

Which of the following best characterizes the term puberty?

What does sexual maturation result from in females?

In which direction does proximodistal development proceed?

Relative to its final adult weight,approximately how much does the brain weigh in a 2-year-old child?

Compare and contrast typical motor development in 3-year-olds,4-year-olds,and 5-year-olds.

As assessed by the Brazelton scale,Sandra displayed normal reflexes at birth but was extremely irritable and cried at the slightest sound.Her parents' attempts to soothe her typically had little effect,except to make her cry louder,which her parents found very frustrating.Even holding and cuddling Sandra helped very little.And when she was not crying,Sandra often seemed only apathetic to their attempts to interact with her. (a)From the text discussion,in what ways might Brazelton training help? (b)If Sandra's parents do not receive special training or otherwise figure out ways to interact with her more effectively,might Sandra be at risk for "failure to thrive" syndrome? Why or why not? (c)Similarly,given no significant improvement in parent-child interactions,would Sandra be at risk for deprivation dwarfism? Why or why not?

Outline the typical developmental sequence of manipulatory skills.