Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

Sandy is 18 years old and smokes two packs of cigarettes every day.She has been smoking since she was 15; she started because several of her friends did.When asked why she smokes so much,she says simply that it makes her feel good and gives her something to do. (a)What might Freud say about why Sandy smokes? (b)What would Skinner say? (c)What would Bandura say?

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Question 1

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(a)Freud would want more information on Sandy's background,with emphasis on her first few years of life.He would also want to know about any other oral habits or behaviours Sandy displays.The best guess,however,is fixation in the oral stage as a result of overfeeding or underfeeding.
(b)Skinner and other behaviourists might note that smoking is reinforcing because of physiological effects of the drug,possibly also that smoking is socially reinforced in some situations (especially where other smokers are present).
(c)Bandura and other social learning theorists would note Sandy began smoking with her friends,who might well have served as models for the behaviour.

What is the term for any event or stimulus that decreases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows?

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Question 2

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What did the neo-Freudian theorist Harry Stack Sullivan emphasize as an important factor in development?

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Question 3

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According to Piaget,why do children create erroneous notions about the world?

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Question 4

What is one basic distinction between the views of Freud and Erikson?

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Question 5

Which type of developmental change is recognized by laws that treat child offenders very differently than adult offenders?

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Question 6

List and describe the major characteristics of a good theory.

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Question 7

Sabina believes that the best way to help children master math is to start by teaching them the basic building blocks that underlie more complex mathematical operations.She thinks that math skills will increase gradually,as children learn more efficient and effective strategies.Which theories do Sabina's views most clearly reflect?

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Question 8

Piaget believed that children develop intellectually through the complementary processes of assimilation and accommodation.Use an appropriate example to illustrate each of these two processes.

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Question 9

Tommy was 4 years old and wanted to be "just like Daddy." He liked to dress the same way as his dad,and he insists on dressing himself.Tommy also wanted to "fix" things as his dad and mom did,and he seemed satisfied even when he broke what he was trying to fix.Tommy's dad and mom often commented on how proud they were of their son. (a)What would Freud say about why Tommy imitates his dad's behaviour? (b)What aspect of Tommy's behaviour would Piaget be interested in? Why? (c)What would Erikson emphasize about Tommy's behaviour?

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Question 10

"We learn by watching and copying others' actions." This statement would be most likely endorsed by proponents of which theory?

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Question 11

How did John Watson view the child?

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Question 12

Which controversy is concerned with the issue of whether children are self-determined or moulded by external forces?

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Question 13

List the five subsystems that make up Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory and explain what is included in each subsystem.

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Question 14

Carmen was ridiculed by her friends when she wore a sweater to school that she had made herself.Now she no longer wears that sweater.According to Skinner,what process is represented by the ridicule?

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Question 15

Which type of developmental change do learning theorists emphasize?

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Question 16

The continuity/discontinuity issue centres on the course of human development.Explain how a theorist from the continuity side of the issue would view development,and contrast that with the view of a theorist who takes a discontinuous view of development.

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Question 17

According to Freud,what causes a child to enter a new psychosexual stage of development?

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Question 18

According to the text,what is one criticism that has been raised about the approaches to studying development utilized by learning theorists?

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Question 19

Erikson believed that humans face eight major crises over their lifetime.What are the two factors that determine when each crisis occurs and the nature of the crisis?

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 167

What is the term for any event or stimulus that decreases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows?

What did the neo-Freudian theorist Harry Stack Sullivan emphasize as an important factor in development?

According to Piaget,why do children create erroneous notions about the world?

What is one basic distinction between the views of Freud and Erikson?

Which type of developmental change is recognized by laws that treat child offenders very differently than adult offenders?

List and describe the major characteristics of a good theory.

Piaget believed that children develop intellectually through the complementary processes of assimilation and accommodation.Use an appropriate example to illustrate each of these two processes.

"We learn by watching and copying others' actions." This statement would be most likely endorsed by proponents of which theory?

How did John Watson view the child?

Which controversy is concerned with the issue of whether children are self-determined or moulded by external forces?

List the five subsystems that make up Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory and explain what is included in each subsystem.

Carmen was ridiculed by her friends when she wore a sweater to school that she had made herself.Now she no longer wears that sweater.According to Skinner,what process is represented by the ridicule?

Which type of developmental change do learning theorists emphasize?

The continuity/discontinuity issue centres on the course of human development.Explain how a theorist from the continuity side of the issue would view development,and contrast that with the view of a theorist who takes a discontinuous view of development.

According to Freud,what causes a child to enter a new psychosexual stage of development?

According to the text,what is one criticism that has been raised about the approaches to studying development utilized by learning theorists?

Erikson believed that humans face eight major crises over their lifetime.What are the two factors that determine when each crisis occurs and the nature of the crisis?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Early Cognitive Foundations

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters