Chat with AIExam 13: Development of the Self and Social Cognition
Describe how attributions related to incremental and entity views of ability change during the transition from the preschool years to the end of the elementary-school years.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotDuring the preschool years, children tend to have more of an entity view of ability, meaning they believe that their abilities are fixed and cannot be changed. This is because they are still developing their understanding of the world and their own capabilities. As they transition into the elementary-school years, their attributions related to ability start to shift towards an incremental view. This means that they begin to understand that their abilities can be developed and improved through effort and practice.
This change is influenced by their experiences in school and interactions with peers and adults. As they encounter challenges and successes, they start to realize that their abilities are not set in stone and that they have the power to improve and grow. They also start to compare themselves to others and recognize that different people have different strengths and weaknesses.
By the end of the elementary-school years, children are more likely to have an incremental view of ability, understanding that their efforts and perseverance can lead to improvement. They are also more likely to attribute their successes and failures to their own actions and choices, rather than external factors. Overall, the transition from preschool to the end of the elementary-school years marks a significant shift in children's understanding of ability and their attributions for their own performance.
Jade is trying to get two pieces of a puzzle to fit together.She works on it for several minutes,and when she succeeds,she quickly looks up at her mother and says "Look,Mommy." Based on this information,approximately how old is Jade?
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During adolescence new dimensions of global self-esteem affect the self-appraisals of males and females in different ways.Identify and describe the factors associated with high and low self-esteem in both adolescent males and females.
On average,mirror self-recognition typically emerges at the same age regardless of culture.What does this imply about self-recognition?
(33) Give a detailed description of Harter's hierarchical model of self-esteem.
(40) Describe how parents and peers can influence self-esteem in children and adolescents.
(39) Both of Joanna's parents are high school teachers and two of her aunts are college instructors.For as long as she can remember,Joanna has wanted to be a teacher too.Based on this description,which phase of identity formation best characterizes Joanna's attitude?
(38) Discuss the evidence for and against the notion that newborns have a rudimentary sense of self.
(32) What goals are usually expressed by a person in the state of identity foreclosure?
(39) Which of the following is an unstable external cause for an achievement outcome?
(29) According to Selman,what do children believe about others during the stage of social-informational role taking?
(40) In comparison with teenagers' friendships,what characterizes those of younger children?
(36) Barenboim studied the descriptions that children provided of other people.According to that research,which of the following best captures the changes to the descriptions children use after 6 years of age?
(33) What do many developmentalists,such as Meltzoff,believe about the sense of self at birth?
(37) According to the research of Berndt and Perry,when adolescents reach stage 3 or 4 of Selman's stages of social perspective taking,their notions of friendship change.At this point,what do adolescents believe is an important aspect of friendship?
(41) According to Barenboim's research findings,what changes occur in children's descriptions of others between the ages of 8 and 11?
(47) Dweck and associates had an adult respond to Grade 5 students' failures at an anagram task by either criticizing their low effort or their low ability on this task.How did these two different implied attributions affect the children's future attributions for their performance?
(39) Felix received a D on his most recent term paper,and he doesn't think his grade is fair.Although his paper was not as good as most of the other students' papers in the class,he feels he deserves a better grade because he worked hard.Based on this description,Felix's emphasis on his perceived effort reflects which view of ability?
(38) Identify and describe the four identity statuses as originally described by James Marcia.Give an example to illustrate each of your descriptions.
Which of the following adult comments would most likely result in children persisting at a task even though they are making errors?
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