Exam 7: Early Cognitive Foundations

Mrs.Jones's daughter often would jump on the couch.Sometimes Mrs.Jones said nothing,but other times she would sternly send her daughter to her room for her misbehaviour.Mrs.Jones complains that her daughter won't stop jumping on the couch and she asks you for your advice as to why her daughter won't behave.What would be your response in terms of the effectiveness of her punishment?

Summarize the auditory perceptual capabilities in neonates (0-1 week),with regard to voice recognition,and reactions to speech and language.

According to the information-processing view,in what circumstance does the most effective outcome of punishment occur?

According to research evidence,which principle of learning best accounts for the effect of specific stimuli on the formation of our attitudes,emotions,fears,and prejudices?

Changes in rate of habituation with age have been attributed to which of the following factors?

Scott is a 4-month-old infant who is taking part in a research study investigating auditory perception.As Scott sucks on a pacifier he hears soft music playing and he begins to drift off to sleep.As he falls asleep,he stops sucking on the pacifier and the recording switches to his mother's voice reading a story.In this example,what research method is the researcher using?

Which of the following would be the most likely response of a newborn infant to his or her mother singing?

The use of which of the following strategies is most likely to result in long-term inhibition of inappropriate behaviour?

Which method of studying infant perception involves the measurement of brain activity?

Which statement best summarizes the findings of Gibson's research on the ability to differentiate letters and children's reading ability?

Suppose that you borrow your friend's laptop for a week to see whether you want to purchase one yourself. The computer makes a slight whirring sound just before it shuts down automatically due to low battery power. At first you didn't notice the sound and were surprised when the computer shut down. After a few days, however, you now reach for the power cord as soon as you hear the sound. Answer the following questions based upon your knowledge of classical conditioning. -In this example,what is the low battery power?

Kuczynski and associates studied the behaviours that young children (16 to 24 months of age)were likely to imitate.According to their research findings,what behaviours were the older children most likely to imitate?

You observe a newborn infant who begins to suck on a bottle filled with a flavoured solution.The infant starts to smile and smack his or her lips.Which statement best describes the taste of the solution in the bottle?

Which children are most likely to reproduce a behaviour that had been modelled several weeks earlier?

Of the various sensory modalities,which is the least mature at birth?

The measurement of which of the following characterizes the use of the evoked potential method for studying sensation?

In general,how would most people feel if they received negative reinforcement and positive punishment for their actions?

Suppose that you were a counsellor dealing with a family with a highly aggressive male child.In your view,frequent use of aversive punishment by the parents is contributing to the boy's aggression.What might you say to the parents to make them aware of the potential negative side effects of the use of punishment? What alternative discipline strategies might you suggest?

What is the term for recognizing information through one sensory system that is usually received via a different modality?

Identify four elements in classical conditioning and provide an illustrative example of each component.