Question 1

Which of the following best describes an underextension of word meaning?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child uses a word incorrectly to describe a wide variety of objects or events. 
B)  A child knows more than one word for the same object or event. 
C)  A child uses a general word to refer to a small range of objects or events. 
D)  A child attempts to describe an object or event that he or she has never seen. 
A)  A child uses a word incorrectly to describe a wide variety of objects or events. 
B)  A child knows more than one word for the same object or event. 
C)  A child uses a general word to refer to a small range of objects or events. 
D)  A child attempts to describe an object or event that he or she has never seen. C

Question 2

Children become quite proficient at both speaking and comprehending language before they enter school,yet they are not always effective communicators.Characterize the communication deficits of young children and describe the course of growth in communicative effectiveness (both in speaking and listening).

Accepted Answer

Although preschool children and young grade schoolers show some awareness of the needs of listeners and make some adjustments in their speech (length or speed)to accommodate to those needs,they show deficits in adjusting the content of their communication to meet the listener's needs.For example,Krauss and Glucksberg found that kindergarten and Grade 1 children failed to describe critical differences between stimuli to a partner.Young children often show deficits as listeners as well.Preschool and early-grade-school children often fail to recognize when a message is ambiguous or has an inconsistency in it.They are also less likely than older children to request clarification of additional information when it is needed.By 8-10 years of age children generally are showing considerable gains both in their ability to produce informative messages and to be active listeners.

Question 3

Based upon current research evidence,what effect do interactions with linguistically immature siblings have on a child's language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  It interferes with the development of effective communication. 
B)  It promotes the development of effective communication. 
C)  It has little, if any, impact on effective communication skills. 
D)  It promotes the development of syntax but not vocabulary. 
A)  It interferes with the development of effective communication. 
B)  It promotes the development of effective communication. 
C)  It has little, if any, impact on effective communication skills. 
D)  It promotes the development of syntax but not vocabulary. B

Question 4

Outline some of the key criticisms that have been raised with respect to the nativist approach to language development.

Accepted Answer

The nativist approach to language develo

Question 5

When do infants first show a preference for the sound pattern of the language that their mother speaks?

Accepted Answer

A)  prenatally 
B)  within a few days of birth 
C)  at about 2 months of age, when they begin to make cooing sounds 
D)  at about 10 months of age, when foreign phonemes disappear from their babbling 
A)  prenatally 
B)  within a few days of birth 
C)  at about 2 months of age, when they begin to make cooing sounds 
D)  at about 10 months of age, when foreign phonemes disappear from their babbling

Question 6

Children younger than 9 or 10 years of age would have the most difficulty interpreting which of the following passive-voice sentences?

Accepted Answer

A)  The yellow car was hit by the green car. 
B)  The tiny kitten was hit by the green car. 
C)  The yellow car was washed by the two boys. 
D)  The red-haired boy was chased by the brown horse. 
A)  The yellow car was hit by the green car. 
B)  The tiny kitten was hit by the green car. 
C)  The yellow car was washed by the two boys. 
D)  The red-haired boy was chased by the brown horse.

Question 7

Caretakers will often respond to their infant's vocalizations and smiles with similar behaviours.What is the function of such interchanges?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are playful responses that have no other function than to strengthen the caretaker-infant bond. 
B)  They are informal "lessons" on conversational turn-taking . 
C)  They are playful interchanges that serve no other function than to reinforce vocalization. 
D)  They are entertaining, incidental interactions that play no particular role in language development. 
A)  They are playful responses that have no other function than to strengthen the caretaker-infant bond. 
B)  They are informal "lessons" on conversational turn-taking . 
C)  They are playful interchanges that serve no other function than to reinforce vocalization. 
D)  They are entertaining, incidental interactions that play no particular role in language development.

Question 8

Suppose the mother of a young infant claimed that she could keep her baby in a happy mood just by maintaining one kind of rhythmic intonation.Based upon research evidence,how likely is this mother's claim?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not very likely, because intonation is one of the last aspects of language to be acquired. 
B)  It is not very likely, because infants show no differential response to adult intonation until they are capable of producing a variety of intonational patterns themselves. 
C)  It is very likely, because infants show discrimination of intonational patterns very early and seem to recognize that they carry different meanings. 
D)  It is very likely, because infants show remarkably adult intonation patterns themselves within the first week of life. 
A)  It is not very likely, because intonation is one of the last aspects of language to be acquired. 
B)  It is not very likely, because infants show no differential response to adult intonation until they are capable of producing a variety of intonational patterns themselves. 
C)  It is very likely, because infants show discrimination of intonational patterns very early and seem to recognize that they carry different meanings. 
D)  It is very likely, because infants show remarkably adult intonation patterns themselves within the first week of life.

Question 9

List six functions of children's two-word sentences and provide an example that illustrates each type of sentence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List six functions of children's two-word sentences...

Question 10

In which order do children generally acquire verbal labels for spatial contrasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  wide/narrow, deep/shallow, big/little, high/low 
B)  high/low, big/little, deep/shallow, wide/narrow 
C)  deep/shallow, wide/narrow, high/low, big/little 
D)  big/little, high/low, wide/narrow, deep/shallow 
A)  wide/narrow, deep/shallow, big/little, high/low 
B)  high/low, big/little, deep/shallow, wide/narrow 
C)  deep/shallow, wide/narrow, high/low, big/little 
D)  big/little, high/low, wide/narrow, deep/shallow

Question 11

Outline the typical pattern of acquisition for relational and spatial contrasts.

Accepted Answer

The typical pattern of acquisition for r

Question 12

Jennessa is a toddler and embarrasses her parents by referring to any man with dark hair as daddy.What is the term for Jennessa's semantic error?

Accepted Answer

A)  overextension 
B)  underextension 
C)  verbal limitation 
D)  production constraint 
A)  overextension 
B)  underextension 
C)  verbal limitation 
D)  production constraint

Question 13

Which theory best accounts for the apparent ease of language acquisition in infancy and early childhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  nativist 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  learning 
D)  information-processing 
A)  nativist 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  learning 
D)  information-processing

Question 14

Stephan's parents are very articulate and provide an environment that is rich in verbal stimuli.Stephan's mother states that because of this environment,he began to use telegraphic speech when he was only 6 months old.Would a developmentalist accept the mother's statement as plausible?

Accepted Answer

A)  no, but only if he or she supports the nativist view of language development 
B)  yes, but only if he or she supports the learning view of language development 
C)  no, regardless of his or her view of language development 
D)  yes, but only if he or she supports the interactionist view of language development 
A)  no, but only if he or she supports the nativist view of language development 
B)  yes, but only if he or she supports the learning view of language development 
C)  no, regardless of his or her view of language development 
D)  yes, but only if he or she supports the interactionist view of language development

Question 15

If an English-speaking child shows a preference for the nonsense word blek over bkel,of which component of language has he or she acquired knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  phonology 
B)  semantics 
C)  syntax 
D)  pragmatics 
A)  phonology 
B)  semantics 
C)  syntax 
D)  pragmatics

Question 16

In addition to several other pieces of evidence,Lenneberg and others have cited cross-cultural findings of a commonality in structure of early spoken and signed language as evidence for which theory of language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  interactionist 
B)  learning 
C)  nativist 
D)  empiricist 
A)  interactionist 
B)  learning 
C)  nativist 
D)  empiricist

Question 17

Which of the following best summarizes the conclusions of Kraus and Glucksberg's research as to why preschool children and kindergarteners communicate in an ineffective fashion?

Accepted Answer

A)  They tend to describe the stimuli in highly idiosyncratic ways. 
B)  They tend to call more than one stimulus by the same name. 
C)  They tend to be overly elaborate, creating stories that include a great deal of irrelevant information. 
D)  They tend to be unaware that they must say something, so they tend to say nothing. 
A)  They tend to describe the stimuli in highly idiosyncratic ways. 
B)  They tend to call more than one stimulus by the same name. 
C)  They tend to be overly elaborate, creating stories that include a great deal of irrelevant information. 
D)  They tend to be unaware that they must say something, so they tend to say nothing.

Question 18

What does research on factors predicting reading achievement in 5- to 6-year-olds suggest about reading readiness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Having had literary experiences such as stories read to them is the best predictor of reading readiness and later achievement. 
B)  Some degree of metalinguistic awareness may be necessary before a child can learn to read. 
C)  Metalinguistic awareness is not a prerequisite for learning to read. 
D)  The best predictor of reading readiness is a child's level of pragmatic skills. 
A)  Having had literary experiences such as stories read to them is the best predictor of reading readiness and later achievement. 
B)  Some degree of metalinguistic awareness may be necessary before a child can learn to read. 
C)  Metalinguistic awareness is not a prerequisite for learning to read. 
D)  The best predictor of reading readiness is a child's level of pragmatic skills.

Question 19

Which of the following best defines a lexical contrast constraint?

Accepted Answer

A)  Words refer to whole objects rather than to parts of objects or to object attributes. 
B)  Each object has one label, and different words refer to separate, nonoverlapping categories. 
C)  Novel words refer to previously unnamed referents. 
D)  Each word has a unique meaning. 
A)  Words refer to whole objects rather than to parts of objects or to object attributes. 
B)  Each object has one label, and different words refer to separate, nonoverlapping categories. 
C)  Novel words refer to previously unnamed referents. 
D)  Each word has a unique meaning.

Question 20

Which of the following accomplishments of middle childhood is due to increases in morphological knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  production of more complex passive and conditional sentences 
B)  better detection of ambiguities or the absence of important information in conversations 
C)  analysis of the structure and meaning of unfamiliar words 
D)  adjustments to their speech to the listener's level of understanding 
A)  production of more complex passive and conditional sentences 
B)  better detection of ambiguities or the absence of important information in conversations 
C)  analysis of the structure and meaning of unfamiliar words 
D)  adjustments to their speech to the listener's level of understanding

Which of the following best describes an underextension of word meaning?

Based upon current research evidence,what effect do interactions with linguistically immature siblings have on a child's language development?

Outline some of the key criticisms that have been raised with respect to the nativist approach to language development.

When do infants first show a preference for the sound pattern of the language that their mother speaks?

Children younger than 9 or 10 years of age would have the most difficulty interpreting which of the following passive-voice sentences?

Caretakers will often respond to their infant's vocalizations and smiles with similar behaviours.What is the function of such interchanges?

Suppose the mother of a young infant claimed that she could keep her baby in a happy mood just by maintaining one kind of rhythmic intonation.Based upon research evidence,how likely is this mother's claim?

List six functions of children's two-word sentences and provide an example that illustrates each type of sentence.

In which order do children generally acquire verbal labels for spatial contrasts?

Outline the typical pattern of acquisition for relational and spatial contrasts.

Jennessa is a toddler and embarrasses her parents by referring to any man with dark hair as daddy.What is the term for Jennessa's semantic error?

Which theory best accounts for the apparent ease of language acquisition in infancy and early childhood?

Stephan's parents are very articulate and provide an environment that is rich in verbal stimuli.Stephan's mother states that because of this environment,he began to use telegraphic speech when he was only 6 months old.Would a developmentalist accept the mother's statement as plausible?

If an English-speaking child shows a preference for the nonsense word blek over bkel,of which component of language has he or she acquired knowledge?

In addition to several other pieces of evidence,Lenneberg and others have cited cross-cultural findings of a commonality in structure of early spoken and signed language as evidence for which theory of language acquisition?

Which of the following best summarizes the conclusions of Kraus and Glucksberg's research as to why preschool children and kindergarteners communicate in an ineffective fashion?

What does research on factors predicting reading achievement in 5- to 6-year-olds suggest about reading readiness?

Which of the following best defines a lexical contrast constraint?

Which of the following accomplishments of middle childhood is due to increases in morphological knowledge?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Early Cognitive Foundations

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters

Exam 11: Development of Language and Communication Skills

Which of the following best describes an underextension of word meaning?

Based upon current research evidence,what effect do interactions with linguistically immature siblings have on a child's language development?

Outline some of the key criticisms that have been raised with respect to the nativist approach to language development.

When do infants first show a preference for the sound pattern of the language that their mother speaks?

Children younger than 9 or 10 years of age would have the most difficulty interpreting which of the following passive-voice sentences?

Caretakers will often respond to their infant's vocalizations and smiles with similar behaviours.What is the function of such interchanges?

Suppose the mother of a young infant claimed that she could keep her baby in a happy mood just by maintaining one kind of rhythmic intonation.Based upon research evidence,how likely is this mother's claim?

List six functions of children's two-word sentences and provide an example that illustrates each type of sentence.

In which order do children generally acquire verbal labels for spatial contrasts?

Outline the typical pattern of acquisition for relational and spatial contrasts.

Jennessa is a toddler and embarrasses her parents by referring to any man with dark hair as daddy.What is the term for Jennessa's semantic error?

Which theory best accounts for the apparent ease of language acquisition in infancy and early childhood?

Stephan's parents are very articulate and provide an environment that is rich in verbal stimuli.Stephan's mother states that because of this environment,he began to use telegraphic speech when he was only 6 months old.Would a developmentalist accept the mother's statement as plausible?

If an English-speaking child shows a preference for the nonsense word blek over bkel,of which component of language has he or she acquired knowledge?

In addition to several other pieces of evidence,Lenneberg and others have cited cross-cultural findings of a commonality in structure of early spoken and signed language as evidence for which theory of language acquisition?

Which of the following best summarizes the conclusions of Kraus and Glucksberg's research as to why preschool children and kindergarteners communicate in an ineffective fashion?

What does research on factors predicting reading achievement in 5- to 6-year-olds suggest about reading readiness?

Which of the following best defines a lexical contrast constraint?

Which of the following accomplishments of middle childhood is due to increases in morphological knowledge?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Early Cognitive Foundations

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters