Question 1

How does the referential style of early speech compare to the expressive style?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is more common, and consists mainly of words that refer to people or objects. 
B)  It is less common, and consists mainly of words that refer to people or objects. 
C)  It is more common, and contains a large number of personal or social words. 
D)  It is less common, and contains a large number of personal or social words. 
A)  It is more common, and consists mainly of words that refer to people or objects. 
B)  It is less common, and consists mainly of words that refer to people or objects. 
C)  It is more common, and contains a large number of personal or social words. 
D)  It is less common, and contains a large number of personal or social words.

Question 2

Which of the following best summarizes current research findings regarding the role of imitation in syntax acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is central for the acquisition of syntactic knowledge. 
B)  It facilitates acquisition of syntactic knowledge, but it is not essential. 
C)  The more imitation a child displays, the more advanced his or her syntactic structures will be. 
D)  Imitation is not as important to the development of syntax as reinforcement . 
A)  It is central for the acquisition of syntactic knowledge. 
B)  It facilitates acquisition of syntactic knowledge, but it is not essential. 
C)  The more imitation a child displays, the more advanced his or her syntactic structures will be. 
D)  Imitation is not as important to the development of syntax as reinforcement .

Question 3

What does the morphology of language refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  the basic units of sound 
B)  the principles of governing the formation of meaningful words from sounds 
C)  the basic meaningful units of morphology 
D)  the meaning of whole words and sentences 
A)  the basic units of sound 
B)  the principles of governing the formation of meaningful words from sounds 
C)  the basic meaningful units of morphology 
D)  the meaning of whole words and sentences

Question 4

Why don't younger children perform as well as older children in communication tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are incapable of detecting ambiguities or the absence of important information. 
B)  They tend to guess what they think the message means. 
C)  They do not adjust their speech to the listener's level of understanding. 
D)  They lack the syntactical skills to effectively communicate their meaning. 
A)  They are incapable of detecting ambiguities or the absence of important information. 
B)  They tend to guess what they think the message means. 
C)  They do not adjust their speech to the listener's level of understanding. 
D)  They lack the syntactical skills to effectively communicate their meaning.

Question 5

Which theory of language development emphasizes the notions of "sensitive periods" and "linguistic universals"?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning 
B)  nativist 
C)  interactionist 
D)  empiricist 
A)  learning 
B)  nativist 
C)  interactionist 
D)  empiricist

Question 6

Which of the following observations supports the view that prelinguistic vocalizations are heavily influenced by maturation of the brain and the muscles controlling verbal articulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants frequently produce vocalizations that match the intonation of what they have just heard. 
B)  Newborns prefer the sound pattern of the language their mother speaks to that of a foreign language. 
C)  Infants rarely use terms such as "all gone" until after they have mastered object permanence. 
D)  All infants vocalize in a similar fashion during the first six months after birth. 
A)  Infants frequently produce vocalizations that match the intonation of what they have just heard. 
B)  Newborns prefer the sound pattern of the language their mother speaks to that of a foreign language. 
C)  Infants rarely use terms such as "all gone" until after they have mastered object permanence. 
D)  All infants vocalize in a similar fashion during the first six months after birth.

Question 7

Which theory of language development emphasizes the processes of imitation and reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning theory 
B)  Chomsky's theory 
C)  nativist theory 
D)  interactionist theory 
A)  learning theory 
B)  Chomsky's theory 
C)  nativist theory 
D)  interactionist theory

Question 8

Which of the following observations about language did Bickerton claim that only the nativist model could account for?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pidgin languages develop among adults when individuals from different language groups must suddenly coexist. 
B)  Creolized languages are not easily understood by adolescents or adults. 
C)  The syntactic rules of Creolized languages are remarkably similar the world over. 
D)  Pidgin languages and Creolized languages may both be evident within a single cultural group. 
A)  Pidgin languages develop among adults when individuals from different language groups must suddenly coexist. 
B)  Creolized languages are not easily understood by adolescents or adults. 
C)  The syntactic rules of Creolized languages are remarkably similar the world over. 
D)  Pidgin languages and Creolized languages may both be evident within a single cultural group.

Question 9

What type of English-language knowledge has a child acquired when he or she learns the difference between the words give and take?

Accepted Answer

A)  phonological 
B)  semantic 
C)  syntactic 
D)  pragmatic 
A)  phonological 
B)  semantic 
C)  syntactic 
D)  pragmatic

Question 10

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings of Nelson regarding the type of words that infants were first to use?

Accepted Answer

A)  action words 
B)  question words 
C)  object words 
D)  a random mixture of action words and questions 
A)  action words 
B)  question words 
C)  object words 
D)  a random mixture of action words and questions

Question 11

Which of the following best characterizes the timing and duration of active language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  It proceeds most rapidly during the preschool years but continues throughout childhood and adolescence. 
B)  It occurs remarkably quickly so that by 5 years of age the process is complete (except for adding vocabulary). 
C)  It is a slow, gradual process until children reach school age when the pace of acquisition greatly accelerates because of language arts instruction. 
D)  It is a slow, gradual process that continues into adolescence. 
A)  It proceeds most rapidly during the preschool years but continues throughout childhood and adolescence. 
B)  It occurs remarkably quickly so that by 5 years of age the process is complete (except for adding vocabulary). 
C)  It is a slow, gradual process until children reach school age when the pace of acquisition greatly accelerates because of language arts instruction. 
D)  It is a slow, gradual process that continues into adolescence.

Question 12

When a child learns that saying "please" to grandma with a smile will get him a cookie,what aspect of language knowledge has the child acquired?

Accepted Answer

A)  phonology 
B)  syntax 
C)  semantics 
D)  pragmatics 
A)  phonology 
B)  syntax 
C)  semantics 
D)  pragmatics

Question 13

By the age of 2 to 2 1/2,how do most children use terms such as big and little?

Accepted Answer

A)  to draw proper normative conclusions and to make appropriate functional judgments 
B)  to draw proper normative conclusions and perceptual inferences 
C)  to draw proper perceptual inferences and to make appropriate functional judgments 
D)  to make appropriate functional judgments and draw upon spatial contrasts 
A)  to draw proper normative conclusions and to make appropriate functional judgments 
B)  to draw proper normative conclusions and perceptual inferences 
C)  to draw proper perceptual inferences and to make appropriate functional judgments 
D)  to make appropriate functional judgments and draw upon spatial contrasts

Question 14

Some parents frequently expand,recast,or otherwise extend their children's speech while others rarely do so.What effect does the frequent use of expansions and recasts have on language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  no apparent effect on language acquisition 
B)  Inhibition of language acquisition 
C)  earlier acquisition of syntactic principles 
D)  facilitation of vocabulary acquisition, but not syntax 
A)  no apparent effect on language acquisition 
B)  Inhibition of language acquisition 
C)  earlier acquisition of syntactic principles 
D)  facilitation of vocabulary acquisition, but not syntax

Question 15

You are in an airport and hear three 9-month-old babies babbling,each from a different racial/ethnic background.Based on current research evidence will the babbling of these babies be different?

Accepted Answer

A)  no, because maturation is the major determinant of language acquisition during the first year 
B)  no, because consonant sounds do not usually emerge until 12 months of age 
C)  yes, and will consist of mainly of two-word phrases 
D)  yes, with each child's babbles sounding similar to his or her native language 
A)  no, because maturation is the major determinant of language acquisition during the first year 
B)  no, because consonant sounds do not usually emerge until 12 months of age 
C)  yes, and will consist of mainly of two-word phrases 
D)  yes, with each child's babbles sounding similar to his or her native language

Question 16

Why do parents of young children use child-directed speech,recasts,and expansions?

Accepted Answer

A)  to deliberately attempt to facilitate acquisition of grammar 
B)  to provide simple language models for their children to imitate 
C)  to optimize effectiveness of communication with their child at that moment 
D)  to provide negative evidence of ungrammatical speech 
A)  to deliberately attempt to facilitate acquisition of grammar 
B)  to provide simple language models for their children to imitate 
C)  to optimize effectiveness of communication with their child at that moment 
D)  to provide negative evidence of ungrammatical speech

Question 17

Bilingual children often score as high,or higher,than their monolingual peers on which of the following types of tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  language proficiency 
B)  short-term memory 
C)  spatial memory 
D)  contextual intelligence 
A)  language proficiency 
B)  short-term memory 
C)  spatial memory 
D)  contextual intelligence

Question 18

How do bilingual children compare to socioeconomically equivalent monolingual children with respect to language proficiency and acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bilingual children fail to acquire normal levels of proficiency in either language. 
B)  Bilingual children show significant language delays when compared to monolingual children of the same socioeconomic status. 
C)  Bilingual children show no language delays, but do display lower levels of metalinguistic knowledge. 
D)  Bilingual children acquire normal levels of language proficiency and show some cognitive advantages. 
A)  Bilingual children fail to acquire normal levels of proficiency in either language. 
B)  Bilingual children show significant language delays when compared to monolingual children of the same socioeconomic status. 
C)  Bilingual children show no language delays, but do display lower levels of metalinguistic knowledge. 
D)  Bilingual children acquire normal levels of language proficiency and show some cognitive advantages.

Question 19

Which of the following best characterizes the ability that is referred to as metalinguistic awareness?

Accepted Answer

A)  analysis of the structure and meaning of unfamiliar words 
B)  adjusting interactive conversations to match the listener's level of understanding 
C)  drawing linguistic inferences and understanding from the deeper meaning of the spoken words 
D)  thinking about language and commenting on its properties 
A)  analysis of the structure and meaning of unfamiliar words 
B)  adjusting interactive conversations to match the listener's level of understanding 
C)  drawing linguistic inferences and understanding from the deeper meaning of the spoken words 
D)  thinking about language and commenting on its properties

Question 20

What is the general effect of linguistic interactions among siblings on the development of communication skills?

Accepted Answer

A)  They enhance those of younger siblings but have little impact on those of the older siblings. 
B)  They interfere with the development of those of the younger siblings. 
C)  They interfere with those of the older siblings. 
D)  They enhance those of both the older siblings and the younger siblings. 
A)  They enhance those of younger siblings but have little impact on those of the older siblings. 
B)  They interfere with the development of those of the younger siblings. 
C)  They interfere with those of the older siblings. 
D)  They enhance those of both the older siblings and the younger siblings.

How does the referential style of early speech compare to the expressive style?

Which of the following best summarizes current research findings regarding the role of imitation in syntax acquisition?

What does the morphology of language refer to?

Why don't younger children perform as well as older children in communication tasks?

Which theory of language development emphasizes the notions of "sensitive periods" and "linguistic universals"?

Which of the following observations supports the view that prelinguistic vocalizations are heavily influenced by maturation of the brain and the muscles controlling verbal articulation?

Which theory of language development emphasizes the processes of imitation and reinforcement?

Which of the following observations about language did Bickerton claim that only the nativist model could account for?

What type of English-language knowledge has a child acquired when he or she learns the difference between the words give and take?

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings of Nelson regarding the type of words that infants were first to use?

Which of the following best characterizes the timing and duration of active language acquisition?

When a child learns that saying "please" to grandma with a smile will get him a cookie,what aspect of language knowledge has the child acquired?

By the age of 2 to 2 1/2,how do most children use terms such as big and little?

Some parents frequently expand,recast,or otherwise extend their children's speech while others rarely do so.What effect does the frequent use of expansions and recasts have on language acquisition?

You are in an airport and hear three 9-month-old babies babbling,each from a different racial/ethnic background.Based on current research evidence will the babbling of these babies be different?

Why do parents of young children use child-directed speech,recasts,and expansions?

Bilingual children often score as high,or higher,than their monolingual peers on which of the following types of tasks?

How do bilingual children compare to socioeconomically equivalent monolingual children with respect to language proficiency and acquisition?

Which of the following best characterizes the ability that is referred to as metalinguistic awareness?

What is the general effect of linguistic interactions among siblings on the development of communication skills?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Early Cognitive Foundations

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters

Exam 11: Development of Language and Communication Skills

How does the referential style of early speech compare to the expressive style?

Which of the following best summarizes current research findings regarding the role of imitation in syntax acquisition?

What does the morphology of language refer to?

Why don't younger children perform as well as older children in communication tasks?

Which theory of language development emphasizes the notions of "sensitive periods" and "linguistic universals"?

Which of the following observations supports the view that prelinguistic vocalizations are heavily influenced by maturation of the brain and the muscles controlling verbal articulation?

Which theory of language development emphasizes the processes of imitation and reinforcement?

Which of the following observations about language did Bickerton claim that only the nativist model could account for?

What type of English-language knowledge has a child acquired when he or she learns the difference between the words give and take?

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings of Nelson regarding the type of words that infants were first to use?

Which of the following best characterizes the timing and duration of active language acquisition?

When a child learns that saying "please" to grandma with a smile will get him a cookie,what aspect of language knowledge has the child acquired?

By the age of 2 to 2 1/2,how do most children use terms such as big and little?

Some parents frequently expand,recast,or otherwise extend their children's speech while others rarely do so.What effect does the frequent use of expansions and recasts have on language acquisition?

You are in an airport and hear three 9-month-old babies babbling,each from a different racial/ethnic background.Based on current research evidence will the babbling of these babies be different?

Why do parents of young children use child-directed speech,recasts,and expansions?

Bilingual children often score as high,or higher,than their monolingual peers on which of the following types of tasks?

How do bilingual children compare to socioeconomically equivalent monolingual children with respect to language proficiency and acquisition?

Which of the following best characterizes the ability that is referred to as metalinguistic awareness?

What is the general effect of linguistic interactions among siblings on the development of communication skills?

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Theories of Human Development

Hereditary Influences on Development

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life

Physical Development

Early Cognitive Foundations

Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role Development,and Sexual Behavior

Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences

Filters