Question 1

The study by Spelke et al. (1976) investigated the effect of what on dual-task performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Task difficulty 
B)  Task similarity 
C)  Response similarity 
D)  Practice 
E)  Reward 
A)  Task difficulty 
B)  Task similarity 
C)  Response similarity 
D)  Practice 
E)  Reward D

Question 2

Inhibition of perceptual/attentional processes and inhibition of motor processes have both been proposed as possible mechanisms for which phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mnemonic inhibition 
B)  Inhibitory paralysis 
C)  Apraxia 
D)  Inhibition of return 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Mnemonic inhibition 
B)  Inhibitory paralysis 
C)  Apraxia 
D)  Inhibition of return 
E)  All of the above D

Question 3

Cherry's research on the "cocktail party" problem involves the study of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Focused auditory attention 
B)  Focused visual attention 
C)  Divided auditory attention 
D)  Divided visual attention 
E)  Change blindness 
A)  Focused auditory attention 
B)  Focused visual attention 
C)  Divided auditory attention 
D)  Divided visual attention 
E)  Change blindness A

Question 4

According to Lavie , if all other factors held constant, susceptibility to distraction is greater when the task involves what?

Accepted Answer

A)  More items in the visual field 
B)  Low perceptual load 
C)  Low demand on executive control functions 
D)  Pop-outs 
E)  Only auditory stimuli 
A)  More items in the visual field 
B)  Low perceptual load 
C)  Low demand on executive control functions 
D)  Pop-outs 
E)  Only auditory stimuli

Question 5

The study by Treisman and Davies (1973) found that interference in a divided-attention task was greatest when:

Accepted Answer

A)  The tasks used the same modality 
B)  Required responses were similar 
C)  Participants were practised at the task 
D)  Both tasks were difficult 
E)  None of these 
A)  The tasks used the same modality 
B)  Required responses were similar 
C)  Participants were practised at the task 
D)  Both tasks were difficult 
E)  None of these

Question 6

Dual-task performance is often associated with (Schweizer et al., 2013):

Accepted Answer

A)  Underadditivity 
B)  Overadditivity 
C)  Enhanced cognitive control 
D)  Reduced spatial and visual processing 
E)  Increased attentional processing 
A)  Underadditivity 
B)  Overadditivity 
C)  Enhanced cognitive control 
D)  Reduced spatial and visual processing 
E)  Increased attentional processing

Question 7

What does the term "bottleneck" mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Filter 
B)  Processor 
C)  Buffer 
D)  Output 
E)  Input 
A)  Filter 
B)  Processor 
C)  Buffer 
D)  Output 
E)  Input

Question 8

The cognitive neuroscience approach was used to test:

Accepted Answer

A)  Processes underlying parallel performance 
B)  Theoretical models alone 
C)  Theoretical models and to enhance our understanding of processes underlying dual-task performance 
D)  Theoretical models and to enhance our understanding of processing underlying single-task performance 
E)  To enhance our understanding of processes underlying covert performance 
A)  Processes underlying parallel performance 
B)  Theoretical models alone 
C)  Theoretical models and to enhance our understanding of processes underlying dual-task performance 
D)  Theoretical models and to enhance our understanding of processing underlying single-task performance 
E)  To enhance our understanding of processes underlying covert performance

Question 9

The model of visual attention proposed by Eriksen and St James (1986) is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Object-based theory 
B)  Filter theory 
C)  Colour wheel theory 
D)  Autofocus theory 
E)  Zoom lens model 
A)  Object-based theory 
B)  Filter theory 
C)  Colour wheel theory 
D)  Autofocus theory 
E)  Zoom lens model

Question 10

According to Corbetta and Shulman (2002), the goal-directed system of visual attention consists of a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Right-hemisphere ventral fronto-parietal network 
B)  Left-hemisphere ventral fronto-parietal network 
C)  Ventral attention network 
D)  Dorsal attention network 
E)  Left-hemisphere ventral occipital network 
A)  Right-hemisphere ventral fronto-parietal network 
B)  Left-hemisphere ventral fronto-parietal network 
C)  Ventral attention network 
D)  Dorsal attention network 
E)  Left-hemisphere ventral occipital network

Question 11

In which of the following attention theories does the processing "bottleneck" occur much later in the processing system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deutsch and Deutsch theory 
B)  Filter theory 
C)  Attenuation theory 
D)  Perceptual load theory 
E)  Feature integration theory 
A)  Deutsch and Deutsch theory 
B)  Filter theory 
C)  Attenuation theory 
D)  Perceptual load theory 
E)  Feature integration theory

Question 12

The condition in which there is a lack of awareness for stimuli presented to the contralesional side of space is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Neglect 
B)  Balint's syndrome 
C)  Visual agnosia 
D)  Optic ataxia 
E)  Anosognosia 
A)  Neglect 
B)  Balint's syndrome 
C)  Visual agnosia 
D)  Optic ataxia 
E)  Anosognosia

Question 13

According to James (1890), passive attentional processes are controlled by:

Accepted Answer

A)  An individual's goals 
B)  An individual's expectations 
C)  Bottom-up processes 
D)  Top-down processes 
E)  All of the above 
A)  An individual's goals 
B)  An individual's expectations 
C)  Bottom-up processes 
D)  Top-down processes 
E)  All of the above

Question 14

Which theory of attention was developed by Treisman and Gelade (1980)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Filter theory 
B)  Perceptual load theory 
C)  Bottleneck theory 
D)  Decision integration theory 
E)  Feature integration theory 
A)  Filter theory 
B)  Perceptual load theory 
C)  Bottleneck theory 
D)  Decision integration theory 
E)  Feature integration theory

Question 15

Feature integration theory predicts that, in the absence of focused attention, features from different objects will be randomly combined to produce:

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjunctive features 
B)  Illusory conjunctions 
C)  Non-targets 
D)  Visual illusions 
E)  Feature displays 
A)  Conjunctive features 
B)  Illusory conjunctions 
C)  Non-targets 
D)  Visual illusions 
E)  Feature displays

Question 16

Evidence from many studies of the psychological refractory period has offered support for the predictions of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Capacity theory 
B)  Instance theory 
C)  Feature integration theory 
D)  Cognitive bottleneck theory 
E)  Visual search theory 
A)  Capacity theory 
B)  Instance theory 
C)  Feature integration theory 
D)  Cognitive bottleneck theory 
E)  Visual search theory

Question 17

What did Chica et al. (2011) find when applying TMS to the right intraparietal sulcus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impaired functioning of both attention systems 
B)  Impaired functioning of the goal-directed system 
C)  Hightened functioning of both attention systems 
D)  Heightened function of the stimulus-driven attentional system 
E)  Equal functioning of both systems 
A)  Impaired functioning of both attention systems 
B)  Impaired functioning of the goal-directed system 
C)  Hightened functioning of both attention systems 
D)  Heightened function of the stimulus-driven attentional system 
E)  Equal functioning of both systems

Question 18

Cherry's research on the "cocktail party" problem suggests that we use which type of information to enable us to follow just one conversation, when several people are talking at once?

Accepted Answer

A)  Message characteristics 
B)  Language 
C)  Syntactical information 
D)  Physical characteristics 
E)  None of these 
A)  Message characteristics 
B)  Language 
C)  Syntactical information 
D)  Physical characteristics 
E)  None of these

Question 19

What component of working memory is involved in attentional control?

Accepted Answer

A)  Visuospatial sketchpad 
B)  Episodic buffer 
C)  Phonological loop 
D)  Central executive 
E)  Long-term memory 
A)  Visuospatial sketchpad 
B)  Episodic buffer 
C)  Phonological loop 
D)  Central executive 
E)  Long-term memory

Question 20

According to Shiffrin and Schneider's (1977) theory, which of the following statements applies to controlled processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be used flexibly in changing circumstances 
B)  They have no capacity limitations 
C)  They are hard to modify once learned 
D)  They do not require attention 
E)  None of these 
A)  They can be used flexibly in changing circumstances 
B)  They have no capacity limitations 
C)  They are hard to modify once learned 
D)  They do not require attention 
E)  None of these

The study by Spelke et al. (1976) investigated the effect of what on dual-task performance?

Inhibition of perceptual/attentional processes and inhibition of motor processes have both been proposed as possible mechanisms for which phenomenon?

Cherry's research on the "cocktail party" problem involves the study of:

According to Lavie , if all other factors held constant, susceptibility to distraction is greater when the task involves what?

The study by Treisman and Davies (1973) found that interference in a divided-attention task was greatest when:

Dual-task performance is often associated with (Schweizer et al., 2013):

What does the term "bottleneck" mean?

The cognitive neuroscience approach was used to test:

The model of visual attention proposed by Eriksen and St James (1986) is the:

According to Corbetta and Shulman (2002), the goal-directed system of visual attention consists of a:

In which of the following attention theories does the processing "bottleneck" occur much later in the processing system?

The condition in which there is a lack of awareness for stimuli presented to the contralesional side of space is called:

According to James (1890), passive attentional processes are controlled by:

Which theory of attention was developed by Treisman and Gelade (1980)?

Feature integration theory predicts that, in the absence of focused attention, features from different objects will be randomly combined to produce:

Evidence from many studies of the psychological refractory period has offered support for the predictions of:

What did Chica et al. (2011) find when applying TMS to the right intraparietal sulcus?

Cherry's research on the "cocktail party" problem suggests that we use which type of information to enable us to follow just one conversation, when several people are talking at once?

What component of working memory is involved in attentional control?

According to Shiffrin and Schneider's (1977) theory, which of the following statements applies to controlled processes?

Approaches to Human Cognition

Basic Processes in Visual Perception

Object and Face Recognition

Motor Perception and Action

Learning, Memory and Forgetting

Long-Term Memory Systems

Everyday Memory

Speech Perception and Reading

Language Comprehension

Language Production

Problem Solving and Expertise

Judgement and Decision Making

Reasoning and Hypothesis Testing

Cognition and Emotion

Consciousness

Filters

Exam 5: Attention and Performance

The study by Spelke et al. (1976) investigated the effect of what on dual-task performance?

Inhibition of perceptual/attentional processes and inhibition of motor processes have both been proposed as possible mechanisms for which phenomenon?

Cherry's research on the "cocktail party" problem involves the study of:

According to Lavie , if all other factors held constant, susceptibility to distraction is greater when the task involves what?

The study by Treisman and Davies (1973) found that interference in a divided-attention task was greatest when:

Dual-task performance is often associated with (Schweizer et al., 2013):

What does the term "bottleneck" mean?

The cognitive neuroscience approach was used to test:

The model of visual attention proposed by Eriksen and St James (1986) is the:

According to Corbetta and Shulman (2002), the goal-directed system of visual attention consists of a:

In which of the following attention theories does the processing "bottleneck" occur much later in the processing system?

The condition in which there is a lack of awareness for stimuli presented to the contralesional side of space is called:

According to James (1890), passive attentional processes are controlled by:

Which theory of attention was developed by Treisman and Gelade (1980)?

Feature integration theory predicts that, in the absence of focused attention, features from different objects will be randomly combined to produce:

Evidence from many studies of the psychological refractory period has offered support for the predictions of:

What did Chica et al. (2011) find when applying TMS to the right intraparietal sulcus?

Cherry's research on the "cocktail party" problem suggests that we use which type of information to enable us to follow just one conversation, when several people are talking at once?

What component of working memory is involved in attentional control?

According to Shiffrin and Schneider's (1977) theory, which of the following statements applies to controlled processes?

Approaches to Human Cognition

Basic Processes in Visual Perception

Object and Face Recognition

Motor Perception and Action

Learning, Memory and Forgetting

Long-Term Memory Systems

Everyday Memory

Speech Perception and Reading

Language Comprehension

Language Production

Problem Solving and Expertise

Judgement and Decision Making

Reasoning and Hypothesis Testing

Cognition and Emotion

Consciousness

Filters