Question 1

Which of the following does NOT describe one of the findings that formed the basis of the E-Z Reader model of reading?

Accepted Answer

A)  Words that are not fixated tend to be uncommon and unpredictable 
B)  Rare words are fixated for longer than common words 
C)  Words that are more predictable in the sentence context are fixated for less time 
D)  The fixation time on a word is longer if it is preceded by a rare word 
E)  Words not fixated tend to be common and short 
A)  Words that are not fixated tend to be uncommon and unpredictable 
B)  Rare words are fixated for longer than common words 
C)  Words that are more predictable in the sentence context are fixated for less time 
D)  The fixation time on a word is longer if it is preceded by a rare word 
E)  Words not fixated tend to be common and short A

Question 2

Which of the following empirical findings is NOT predicted by the E-Z Reader model of reading?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fixation time on a word is longer if it is preceded by a rare word 
B)  Eye fixations at the centre of words are longer than those at either end 
C)  The effects of frequency 
D)  The effects of predictability 
E)  Cost of skipping 
A)  The fixation time on a word is longer if it is preceded by a rare word 
B)  Eye fixations at the centre of words are longer than those at either end 
C)  The effects of frequency 
D)  The effects of predictability 
E)  Cost of skipping B

Question 3

Prosodic cues are used to indicate sentence structure and meaning in speech; the equivalent though often less informative cues in written text are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Punctuation marks 
B)  Discourse markers 
C)  Orthographic cues 
D)  Phonological cues 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Punctuation marks 
B)  Discourse markers 
C)  Orthographic cues 
D)  Phonological cues 
E)  All of the above A

Question 4

Which component of Ellis and Young's (1988) model of speech processing is concerned with the extraction of phonemes from the speech wave?

Accepted Answer

A)  Auditory analysis system 
B)  Auditory input lexicon 
C)  Phoneme response buffer 
D)  Speech output lexicon 
E)  Semantic system 
A)  Auditory analysis system 
B)  Auditory input lexicon 
C)  Phoneme response buffer 
D)  Speech output lexicon 
E)  Semantic system

Question 5

Liberman et al. (1967) argued that listeners mimic:

Accepted Answer

A)  Wording used by the speaker to establish common ground 
B)  The articulatory movements of the speaker 
C)  Hand gestures to facilitate communication 
D)  Eye gaze to etablish common ground 
E)  Emotional responses 
A)  Wording used by the speaker to establish common ground 
B)  The articulatory movements of the speaker 
C)  Hand gestures to facilitate communication 
D)  Eye gaze to etablish common ground 
E)  Emotional responses

Question 6

An ambiguous initial phoneme is more likely to be assigned to a given phoneme category when it produces a word than when it does not. This phenomenon is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Ganong effect 
B)  Phonemic restoration effect 
C)  Spillover effect 
D)  Lexical bias effect 
E)  Categorical effect 
A)  Ganong effect 
B)  Phonemic restoration effect 
C)  Spillover effect 
D)  Lexical bias effect 
E)  Categorical effect

Question 7

Rayner et al. (2012) discussed which technique to determine the amount of text from which useful information can be obtained in each fixation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Follow-the-dot 
B)  Backwards digit span 
C)  Occular disparity 
D)  Peripheral optometry 
E)  Moving window 
A)  Follow-the-dot 
B)  Backwards digit span 
C)  Occular disparity 
D)  Peripheral optometry 
E)  Moving window

Question 8

The abrupt boundary between phoneme categories contributes to which phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Feature blending 
B)  Categorical perception 
C)  Consonant intensification 
D)  Reduplication 
E)  Singulation 
A)  Feature blending 
B)  Categorical perception 
C)  Consonant intensification 
D)  Reduplication 
E)  Singulation

Question 9

Warren and Warren's (1970) study of the influence of context on the perception of meaningless sounds demonstrated the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Apposition tendency 
B)  Phonemic restoration effect 
C)  Spillover effect 
D)  Lexical bias effect 
E)  Lexical identification shift 
A)  Apposition tendency 
B)  Phonemic restoration effect 
C)  Spillover effect 
D)  Lexical bias effect 
E)  Lexical identification shift

Question 10

Many studies have suggested that the TRACE model of speech perception may exaggerate the effects of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Context 
B)  Practice 
C)  Top-down processes 
D)  Bottom-up processes 
E)  Word frequency 
A)  Context 
B)  Practice 
C)  Top-down processes 
D)  Bottom-up processes 
E)  Word frequency

Question 11

Which of the following is concerned with the sound of words?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orthography 
B)  Word meaning 
C)  Syntax 
D)  Phonology 
E)  Prosody 
A)  Orthography 
B)  Word meaning 
C)  Syntax 
D)  Phonology 
E)  Prosody

Question 12

The distributed connectionist approach to reading (Plaut et al., 1996) is also known as what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dual-route model 
B)  Binary model 
C)  E-Z Reader 
D)  Triangle model 
E)  Five-point model 
A)  Dual-route model 
B)  Binary model 
C)  E-Z Reader 
D)  Triangle model 
E)  Five-point model

Question 13

Marslen-Wilson and Tyler's (1980) original model of speech perception, which emphasised interactions between bottom-up and top-down processes in spoken word recognition, is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cohort model 
B)  Dual-route model 
C)  E-Z Reader 
D)  Interactive activation model 
E)  TRACE model 
A)  Cohort model 
B)  Dual-route model 
C)  E-Z Reader 
D)  Interactive activation model 
E)  TRACE model

Question 14

In what type of disorder would we expect to see problems with reading unfamiliar words and non-words?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phonological dyslexia 
B)  Surface dyslexia 
C)  Deep dyselxia 
D)  Phonological dysgraphia 
E)  Anomia 
A)  Phonological dyslexia 
B)  Surface dyslexia 
C)  Deep dyselxia 
D)  Phonological dysgraphia 
E)  Anomia

Question 15

The findings of Neely (1977) demonstrate that word identification is influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Position in the sentence 
B)  Context 
C)  Practice 
D)  The response buffer 
E)  Working memory capacity 
A)  Position in the sentence 
B)  Context 
C)  Practice 
D)  The response buffer 
E)  Working memory capacity

Question 16

O'Rourke and Holcomb (2012) focused on the N400 component of the ERP waveform to determine whether processing speed depends on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Motor readiness potential 
B)  Stimulus luminance 
C)  Word frequency 
D)  Perceptual threshold 
E)  Uniqueness point 
A)  Motor readiness potential 
B)  Stimulus luminance 
C)  Word frequency 
D)  Perceptual threshold 
E)  Uniqueness point

Question 17

The McGurk effect highlights listeners' reliance on:

Accepted Answer

A)  Left-to-right language bias 
B)  Gender-specific cues 
C)  Regional dialectic cues 
D)  Lip-reading 
E)  Prosody 
A)  Left-to-right language bias 
B)  Gender-specific cues 
C)  Regional dialectic cues 
D)  Lip-reading 
E)  Prosody

Question 18

The findings of McClelland et al. (1986) offer support for which model of speech perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cohort model 
B)  Dual-route model 
C)  E-Z Reader 
D)  Interactive activation model 
E)  TRACE model 
A)  Cohort model 
B)  Dual-route model 
C)  E-Z Reader 
D)  Interactive activation model 
E)  TRACE model

Question 19

According to the dual-route cascaded model of reading, a patient who could pronounce words with regular spelling-to-sound correspondences, but not irregular words, would be most likely to be reading via:

Accepted Answer

A)  Route 1 
B)  Routes 1 and 3 
C)  Route 2 
D)  Routes 2 and 3 
E)  Route 3 
A)  Route 1 
B)  Routes 1 and 3 
C)  Route 2 
D)  Routes 2 and 3 
E)  Route 3

Question 20

The task that involves saying a printed word out loud as quickly as possible is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Lexical decision task 
B)  Naming task 
C)  Semantic substitution task 
D)  Reading span task 
E)  Lexical bias task 
A)  Lexical decision task 
B)  Naming task 
C)  Semantic substitution task 
D)  Reading span task 
E)  Lexical bias task

Which of the following does NOT describe one of the findings that formed the basis of the E-Z Reader model of reading?

Which of the following empirical findings is NOT predicted by the E-Z Reader model of reading?

Prosodic cues are used to indicate sentence structure and meaning in speech; the equivalent though often less informative cues in written text are:

Which component of Ellis and Young's (1988) model of speech processing is concerned with the extraction of phonemes from the speech wave?

Liberman et al. (1967) argued that listeners mimic:

An ambiguous initial phoneme is more likely to be assigned to a given phoneme category when it produces a word than when it does not. This phenomenon is known as the:

Rayner et al. (2012) discussed which technique to determine the amount of text from which useful information can be obtained in each fixation?

The abrupt boundary between phoneme categories contributes to which phenomenon?

Warren and Warren's (1970) study of the influence of context on the perception of meaningless sounds demonstrated the:

Many studies have suggested that the TRACE model of speech perception may exaggerate the effects of:

Which of the following is concerned with the sound of words?

The distributed connectionist approach to reading (Plaut et al., 1996) is also known as what?

Marslen-Wilson and Tyler's (1980) original model of speech perception, which emphasised interactions between bottom-up and top-down processes in spoken word recognition, is called the:

In what type of disorder would we expect to see problems with reading unfamiliar words and non-words?

The findings of Neely (1977) demonstrate that word identification is influenced by:

O'Rourke and Holcomb (2012) focused on the N400 component of the ERP waveform to determine whether processing speed depends on the:

The McGurk effect highlights listeners' reliance on:

The findings of McClelland et al. (1986) offer support for which model of speech perception?

According to the dual-route cascaded model of reading, a patient who could pronounce words with regular spelling-to-sound correspondences, but not irregular words, would be most likely to be reading via:

The task that involves saying a printed word out loud as quickly as possible is the:

Approaches to Human Cognition

Basic Processes in Visual Perception

Object and Face Recognition

Motor Perception and Action

Attention and Performance

Learning, Memory and Forgetting

Long-Term Memory Systems

Everyday Memory

Language Comprehension

Language Production

Problem Solving and Expertise

Judgement and Decision Making

Reasoning and Hypothesis Testing

Cognition and Emotion

Consciousness

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Exam 9: Speech Perception and Reading

Which of the following does NOT describe one of the findings that formed the basis of the E-Z Reader model of reading?

Which of the following empirical findings is NOT predicted by the E-Z Reader model of reading?

Prosodic cues are used to indicate sentence structure and meaning in speech; the equivalent though often less informative cues in written text are:

Which component of Ellis and Young's (1988) model of speech processing is concerned with the extraction of phonemes from the speech wave?

Liberman et al. (1967) argued that listeners mimic:

An ambiguous initial phoneme is more likely to be assigned to a given phoneme category when it produces a word than when it does not. This phenomenon is known as the:

Rayner et al. (2012) discussed which technique to determine the amount of text from which useful information can be obtained in each fixation?

The abrupt boundary between phoneme categories contributes to which phenomenon?

Warren and Warren's (1970) study of the influence of context on the perception of meaningless sounds demonstrated the:

Many studies have suggested that the TRACE model of speech perception may exaggerate the effects of:

Which of the following is concerned with the sound of words?

The distributed connectionist approach to reading (Plaut et al., 1996) is also known as what?

Marslen-Wilson and Tyler's (1980) original model of speech perception, which emphasised interactions between bottom-up and top-down processes in spoken word recognition, is called the:

In what type of disorder would we expect to see problems with reading unfamiliar words and non-words?

The findings of Neely (1977) demonstrate that word identification is influenced by:

O'Rourke and Holcomb (2012) focused on the N400 component of the ERP waveform to determine whether processing speed depends on the:

The McGurk effect highlights listeners' reliance on:

The findings of McClelland et al. (1986) offer support for which model of speech perception?

According to the dual-route cascaded model of reading, a patient who could pronounce words with regular spelling-to-sound correspondences, but not irregular words, would be most likely to be reading via:

The task that involves saying a printed word out loud as quickly as possible is the:

Approaches to Human Cognition

Basic Processes in Visual Perception

Object and Face Recognition

Motor Perception and Action

Attention and Performance

Learning, Memory and Forgetting

Long-Term Memory Systems

Everyday Memory

Language Comprehension

Language Production

Problem Solving and Expertise

Judgement and Decision Making

Reasoning and Hypothesis Testing

Cognition and Emotion

Consciousness

Filters