Exam 7: Behavioural Views of Learning

A relatively permanent change in a person's knowledge or behaviour that results from experiences is called ________.

Treena is a bright and personable girl in your sixth-grade class. A large part of your classroom activities involve class participation through questioning and recitation. Treena, however, never raises her hand and, when called on, "freezes" and often says nothing. You notice that she is social with friends. Her shyness seems restricted to speaking before a group. Discussion with her fifth-grade teacher indicates that the same behaviour took place last year. To help Treena become less inhibited about answering in class, you consider possible strategies or principles suggested by behavioural theories. Describe how each of the following approaches might be used in a behavioural plan designed to help her. -Using the above strategies together with other principles, briefly describe the overall approach you personally would favour for working with Treena.

Ms. Castello has tried several configurations for students to practice the Spanish conversations they memorize in the book. Students seem to enjoy the task most when they work in pairs around the classroom, and they dread the task when they are required to perform in front of the class. How might Ms. Castello use this information to provide negative reinforcement

In a contingency contract program, teachers set up

Ms. Johnson's sixth graders complained about diagramming sentences, and they were able convince her to show a movie first. Ms. Johnson made the common error of

Removing an aversive stimulus to increase the frequency of a behaviour exemplifies

In her fifth-grade classroom, Ms. Latimer has several students who don't cooperate when she tells the class to get into group formation. These students are vocal about disliking group work. Ms. Latimer told them today that they may shorten their group task time by getting into groups quickly and completing cooperative tasks according to the ten-minute schedule she has planned. Ms. Latimer is using which of the following methods to get her students to cooperate?

In operant conditioning, the complete removal of the usual reinforcer will eventually lead to ________.

B. F. Skinner is to ________, as Ivan Pavlov is to ________.

Lily does not like conflict. When her parents argue and raise their voices, Lily feels frightened. At school, Mr. Nash raises his voice and Lily begins to tremble. Lily's trembling is

Crediting all students to earn a reward for both academic work and positive classroom behaviour that can be redeemed for a desired reward is called a ________ system.

Ms. Cardot wants her students to enjoy math. In order to help students associate math with pleasant thoughts, she introduces new manipulatives at the math centre each week for students to use in solving math problems. Often the manipulatives involve edible snacks. Ms. Cardot's approach is an example of

17-year-old Kelly receives a ticket for speeding. Her parents take away the privilege of using the car. Her parents are using

The Premack Principle states that

The principle of contiguity involves an association between

Compare and contrast the strategies of cueing and shaping as methods for developing desirable behaviours.

Describe what is meant by the "praise-and-ignore" approach to classroom management. What are the strengths and limitations of this approach? Give several examples of the types of incidents to which it might be applied appropriately.

Kathy frequently makes faces at her classmates. Instead of punishing her for making faces, the teacher has the students totally ignore Kathy. This example illustrates the teacher's attempt at

In order for students to gain control of their own learning, they must be able to set their own goals, participate in self-evaluation, and achieve self-________, although there is some disagreement about whether this last step is really necessary.

Describe Pavlov's experiment in classical conditioning, identifying and defining all the major components of the conditioning model.