Question 1

_____ theory focuses on the structure of the cognitive system and the mental activities used to deploy attention and memory to solve problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dynamic-systems 
B)  Information-processing 
C)  Piagetian 
D)  Sociocultural 
A)  Dynamic-systems 
B)  Information-processing 
C)  Piagetian 
D)  Sociocultural

Question 2

According to Piagetian theory, young infants' goals are _____, and older infants' goals are more _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete; abstract 
B)  abstract; concrete 
C)  realistic; unrealistic 
D)  unrealistic; realistic 
A)  concrete; abstract 
B)  abstract; concrete 
C)  realistic; unrealistic 
D)  unrealistic; realistic

Question 3

Define and describe the features of guided participation and explain why it is a core component of the sociocultural perspective. Use an example to illustrate the features.

Accepted Answer

Guided participation is a process in whi

Question 4

Core-knowledge constructivist theories share all these characteristics with formal scientific theories EXCEPT they

Accepted Answer

A)  identify fundamental units for dividing relevant objects and events into a few basic categories. 
B)  explain cognitive development as something that is quickly and easily acquired. 
C)  explain many phenomena in terms of a few fundamental principles. 
D)  explain events in terms of unobservable causes. 
A)  identify fundamental units for dividing relevant objects and events into a few basic categories. 
B)  explain cognitive development as something that is quickly and easily acquired. 
C)  explain many phenomena in terms of a few fundamental principles. 
D)  explain events in terms of unobservable causes.

Question 5

The perspective that infants build increasingly advanced understanding by combining rudimentary innate knowledge with subsequent experiences is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  nativism. 
B)  core-knowledge. 
C)  domain-specific. 
D)  constructivism. 
A)  nativism. 
B)  core-knowledge. 
C)  domain-specific. 
D)  constructivism.

Question 6

Which theory places the LEAST emphasis on children's own efforts to understand the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  information-processing 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  dynamic-systems 
D)  Piagetian 
A)  information-processing 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  dynamic-systems 
D)  Piagetian

Question 7

Which statement is TRUE according to information-processing theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive development occurs through a series of sudden changes. 
B)  Children of different ages think in qualitatively different ways. 
C)  Significant cognitive changes occur during brief transition periods between stages. 
D)  Changes are constantly occurring. 
A)  Cognitive development occurs through a series of sudden changes. 
B)  Children of different ages think in qualitatively different ways. 
C)  Significant cognitive changes occur during brief transition periods between stages. 
D)  Changes are constantly occurring.

Question 8

Which statement can help explain why children tend to lie about transgressions as they get older?

Accepted Answer

A)  As they get older, they are more apt to imagine negative consequences for their actions. 
B)  As they get older, they are better able to generate ways of avoiding negative consequences. 
C)  As they get older, they are more apt to imagine negative consequences for their actions and are better able to generate ways of avoiding them. 
D)  Research has not determined that children tend to lie about transgressions as they get older. 
A)  As they get older, they are more apt to imagine negative consequences for their actions. 
B)  As they get older, they are better able to generate ways of avoiding negative consequences. 
C)  As they get older, they are more apt to imagine negative consequences for their actions and are better able to generate ways of avoiding them. 
D)  Research has not determined that children tend to lie about transgressions as they get older.

Question 9

The process of repeating information over and over again in order to remember it is considered _____ by the information-processing approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  effective 
B)  to be due to poor myelination 
C)  utilization deficient 
D)  irrational 
A)  effective 
B)  to be due to poor myelination 
C)  utilization deficient 
D)  irrational

Question 10

Avia is in the _____ stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget. She is now able to represent her experiences in language and symbolic thought.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational

Question 11

The perspective that infants have substantial innate knowledge of evolutionarily important domains is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  nativism. 
B)  core-knowledge. 
C)  domain-specific. 
D)  constructivism. 
A)  nativism. 
B)  core-knowledge. 
C)  domain-specific. 
D)  constructivism.

Question 12

Which child is MOST likely to lie about committing a transgression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stan, who is 5 years old 
B)  Maryam, who is 4 years old 
C)  Micah, who is 6 years old 
D)  Stella, who is 7 years old 
A)  Stan, who is 5 years old 
B)  Maryam, who is 4 years old 
C)  Micah, who is 6 years old 
D)  Stella, who is 7 years old

Question 13

Working memory is limited in

Accepted Answer

A)  both the length of time it can retain information and in its capacity. 
B)  neither the length of time it can retain information nor in its capacity. 
C)  the length of time it can retain information but not in its capacity. 
D)  its capacity but not in the length of time it can retain information. 
A)  both the length of time it can retain information and in its capacity. 
B)  neither the length of time it can retain information nor in its capacity. 
C)  the length of time it can retain information but not in its capacity. 
D)  its capacity but not in the length of time it can retain information.

Question 14

Research done from a dynamic-systems perspective demonstrated that _____ helped infants succeed at A-not-B tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  giving the baby more time to think about the location of the object after it was hidden in location B 
B)  allowing the baby to reach for the object in location A multiple times 
C)  placing weights on the baby's arms before hiding the object at location B 
D)  none of these 
A)  giving the baby more time to think about the location of the object after it was hidden in location B 
B)  allowing the baby to reach for the object in location A multiple times 
C)  placing weights on the baby's arms before hiding the object at location B 
D)  none of these

Question 15

Which list BEST represents the phases of Piaget's equilibration process?

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibrium, disequilibrium, assimilation 
B)  disequilibrium, adaptation, accommodation 
C)  adaptation, assimilation, equilibrium 
D)  equilibrium, disequilibrium, equilibrium 
A)  equilibrium, disequilibrium, assimilation 
B)  disequilibrium, adaptation, accommodation 
C)  adaptation, assimilation, equilibrium 
D)  equilibrium, disequilibrium, equilibrium

Question 16

In their perspective on the extent to which the child is an active participant in his or her own development, dynamic-systems theories are MOST similar to

Accepted Answer

A)  Piagetian theory. 
B)  sociocultural theories. 
C)  information-processing theories. 
D)  none of these. 
A)  Piagetian theory. 
B)  sociocultural theories. 
C)  information-processing theories. 
D)  none of these.

Question 17

Kevin and his mother are playing with a squeaky toy. Kevin's mother squeezes the toy in front of him and then hides it under a blanket. Kevin has fun finding the toy under the blanket and then giving it back to his mother. After several rounds of this game, Kevin's mother hides the toy behind a pillow instead of under the blanket. Rather than looking behind the pillow, however, Kevin lifts the blanket to look for the toy. Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kevin does not know the toy still exists. 
B)  Kevin is making the A-not-B error. 
C)  Kevin is approximately 6 months old. 
D)  All of these statements are true. 
A)  Kevin does not know the toy still exists. 
B)  Kevin is making the A-not-B error. 
C)  Kevin is approximately 6 months old. 
D)  All of these statements are true.

Question 18

Children first come to think abstractly and reason hypothetically in Piaget's _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational 
A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational

Question 19

According to Piaget, which behavior develops FIRST?

Accepted Answer

A)  deferred imitation 
B)  resolution of the A-not-B error 
C)  mental representation of objects not currently being perceived 
D)  infant "scientific experiments" 
A)  deferred imitation 
B)  resolution of the A-not-B error 
C)  mental representation of objects not currently being perceived 
D)  infant "scientific experiments"

Question 20

The mutual understanding that people share during communication is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  social scaffolding. 
B)  guided participation. 
C)  intersubjectivity. 
D)  proximal development. 
A)  social scaffolding. 
B)  guided participation. 
C)  intersubjectivity. 
D)  proximal development.

_____ theory focuses on the structure of the cognitive system and the mental activities used to deploy attention and memory to solve problems.

According to Piagetian theory, young infants' goals are _, and older infants' goals are more _.

Define and describe the features of guided participation and explain why it is a core component of the sociocultural perspective. Use an example to illustrate the features.

Core-knowledge constructivist theories share all these characteristics with formal scientific theories EXCEPT they

The perspective that infants build increasingly advanced understanding by combining rudimentary innate knowledge with subsequent experiences is referred to as

Which theory places the LEAST emphasis on children's own efforts to understand the world?

Which statement is TRUE according to information-processing theories?

Which statement can help explain why children tend to lie about transgressions as they get older?

The process of repeating information over and over again in order to remember it is considered _____ by the information-processing approach.

Avia is in the _____ stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget. She is now able to represent her experiences in language and symbolic thought.

The perspective that infants have substantial innate knowledge of evolutionarily important domains is referred to as

Which child is MOST likely to lie about committing a transgression?

Working memory is limited in

Research done from a dynamic-systems perspective demonstrated that _____ helped infants succeed at A-not-B tasks.

Which list BEST represents the phases of Piaget's equilibration process?

In their perspective on the extent to which the child is an active participant in his or her own development, dynamic-systems theories are MOST similar to

Children first come to think abstractly and reason hypothetically in Piaget's _____ stage.

According to Piaget, which behavior develops FIRST?

The mutual understanding that people share during communication is referred to as

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 4: Theories of Cognitive Development

_____ theory focuses on the structure of the cognitive system and the mental activities used to deploy attention and memory to solve problems.

According to Piagetian theory, young infants' goals are _____, and older infants' goals are more _____.

Define and describe the features of guided participation and explain why it is a core component of the sociocultural perspective. Use an example to illustrate the features.

Core-knowledge constructivist theories share all these characteristics with formal scientific theories EXCEPT they

The perspective that infants build increasingly advanced understanding by combining rudimentary innate knowledge with subsequent experiences is referred to as

Which theory places the LEAST emphasis on children's own efforts to understand the world?

Which statement is TRUE according to information-processing theories?

Which statement can help explain why children tend to lie about transgressions as they get older?

The process of repeating information over and over again in order to remember it is considered _____ by the information-processing approach.

Avia is in the _____ stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget. She is now able to represent her experiences in language and symbolic thought.

The perspective that infants have substantial innate knowledge of evolutionarily important domains is referred to as

Which child is MOST likely to lie about committing a transgression?

Working memory is limited in

Research done from a dynamic-systems perspective demonstrated that _____ helped infants succeed at A-not-B tasks.

Which list BEST represents the phases of Piaget's equilibration process?

In their perspective on the extent to which the child is an active participant in his or her own development, dynamic-systems theories are MOST similar to

Children first come to think abstractly and reason hypothetically in Piaget's _____ stage.

According to Piaget, which behavior develops FIRST?

The mutual understanding that people share during communication is referred to as

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

According to Piagetian theory, young infants' goals are _, and older infants' goals are more _.