Question 1

An example of self-initiated activity in the domain of gendered behavior is

Accepted Answer

A)  gender segregation. 
B)  parents' rewarding of gender-appropriate behavior. 
C)  teachers' practice of calling on boys more than girls. 
D)  cultural expectations for boys and girls. 
A)  gender segregation. 
B)  parents' rewarding of gender-appropriate behavior. 
C)  teachers' practice of calling on boys more than girls. 
D)  cultural expectations for boys and girls.

Question 2

Which statement describes a key component of the importance of children eliciting reactions from other people?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reactions then shape the child's own behavior. 
B)  Children's elicitation of reactions from other people decrease over time. 
C)  The reactions then shape the other people's development. 
D)  Children are not able to elicit reactions from other people. 
A)  The reactions then shape the child's own behavior. 
B)  Children's elicitation of reactions from other people decrease over time. 
C)  The reactions then shape the other people's development. 
D)  Children are not able to elicit reactions from other people.

Question 3

Aggressive children's hostile attributional bias is an example of the influence of

Accepted Answer

A)  early experience. 
B)  nurture on nature. 
C)  individuals' active interpretations of their experiences. 
D)  timing of the interaction between nature and nurture. 
A)  early experience. 
B)  nurture on nature. 
C)  individuals' active interpretations of their experiences. 
D)  timing of the interaction between nature and nurture.

Question 4

Which statement provides an example of the manner in which children contribute to their own environment by regulating their own behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children who are better able to control their negative emotions have more successful peer relations than do other children. 
B)  Children who are faster runners are more likely to participate in organized sports. 
C)  Children whose parents' discipline involves reasoning are more likely to develop a strong conscience than are other children. 
D)  Children who are twins are more similar in intelligence than children who are non-twin siblings. 
A)  Children who are better able to control their negative emotions have more successful peer relations than do other children. 
B)  Children who are faster runners are more likely to participate in organized sports. 
C)  Children whose parents' discipline involves reasoning are more likely to develop a strong conscience than are other children. 
D)  Children who are twins are more similar in intelligence than children who are non-twin siblings.

Question 5

Which variable is NOT an example of the sociocultural context of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  economic circumstances in which children live 
B)  country in which children live 
C)  time period in which children live 
D)  cognitive processes 
A)  economic circumstances in which children live 
B)  country in which children live 
C)  time period in which children live 
D)  cognitive processes

Question 6

Before taking this course, what were your beliefs about whether development is generally gradual and continuous, or disjointed and discontinuous? What have you learned in this course that has either supported your beliefs or failed to support them? Be specific and provide detailed examples.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. However, st

Question 7

An example of a biological change mechanism is

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioning. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  synaptic pruning. 
D)  children's informal theories. 
A)  conditioning. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  synaptic pruning. 
D)  children's informal theories.

Question 8

Imagine two of your friends are arguing about whether nature or nurture is more important in human development. One friend argues that nature is more important and that nurture only influences children's development in minor ways. The other friend insists that nurture is more important and that any two children placed in the same environment will develop in nearly the same manner. Your friends then ask for your opinion. Are you able to answer the question of whether nature or nurture is more important? Why or why not? What have you learned in this course that can convince your friends of your position? Give at least three examples and be specific in your argument.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary in terms of what stude

Question 9

Briefly describe how you generally respond to failure. Do you tend to see failure as a challenge, making you want to try harder? Or does failure make you feel terrible and make you want to give up? How might this tendency have actively influenced your environment? For instance, how might it have influenced your own behavior, including the types of activities you sought (or did not seek)? How might it have influenced the behavior of teachers, parents, and peers toward you? Give examples.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary in terms of how studen

Question 10

Which statement provides an example of the contribution of metacognition to development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children change their memory strategies as they realize which strategies will work in which situations. 
B)  Children habituate to stimuli with repeated exposure to them. 
C)  Children who are well liked by their peers tend to do better academically than do other children. 
D)  Children learn more from individuals with whom they have a positive relationship than from others. 
A)  Children change their memory strategies as they realize which strategies will work in which situations. 
B)  Children habituate to stimuli with repeated exposure to them. 
C)  Children who are well liked by their peers tend to do better academically than do other children. 
D)  Children learn more from individuals with whom they have a positive relationship than from others.

Question 11

_____ is an example of a domain-specific learning mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A)  Metacognition about strategy choice 
B)  Recognizing objects as familiar 
C)  Mutual exclusivity assumption in word learning 
D)  Habituation 
A)  Metacognition about strategy choice 
B)  Recognizing objects as familiar 
C)  Mutual exclusivity assumption in word learning 
D)  Habituation

Question 12

Which statement is NOT an example of nature eliciting nurture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents of negative, unregulated children may become increasingly punitive over time. 
B)  Fetuses' exposure to their mothers' voices in the womb leads to their learning to prefer their mothers' voices over those of other women. 
C)  Children who are attractive are treated differently by adults and peers than children who are unattractive. 
D)  Babies who enjoy being cuddled are more likely to receive cuddling than are squirmy babies. 
A)  Parents of negative, unregulated children may become increasingly punitive over time. 
B)  Fetuses' exposure to their mothers' voices in the womb leads to their learning to prefer their mothers' voices over those of other women. 
C)  Children who are attractive are treated differently by adults and peers than children who are unattractive. 
D)  Babies who enjoy being cuddled are more likely to receive cuddling than are squirmy babies.

Question 13

Which statement BEST summarizes the relationship between nature and nurture and their effect on child development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nature creates nurture. 
B)  Nature and nurture are in constant interaction. 
C)  Sometimes nature; sometimes nurture. 
D)  First nature, then nurture. 
A)  Nature creates nurture. 
B)  Nature and nurture are in constant interaction. 
C)  Sometimes nature; sometimes nurture. 
D)  First nature, then nurture.

Question 14

The development of _____ is NOT influenced by societal values.

Accepted Answer

A)  parent
  child attachment 
B)  motor skills 
C)  cognitive skills 
D)  language 
A)  parent
  child attachment 
B)  motor skills 
C)  cognitive skills 
D)  language

Question 15

Which statement about cognitive mechanisms of change is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both general and domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms exist to influence development. 
B)  Only general cognitive learning mechanisms, and not domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
C)  Only domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, and not general cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
D)  It is unclear whether the cognitive learning mechanisms that children use are general or domain-specific. 
A)  Both general and domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms exist to influence development. 
B)  Only general cognitive learning mechanisms, and not domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
C)  Only domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, and not general cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
D)  It is unclear whether the cognitive learning mechanisms that children use are general or domain-specific.

Question 16

Which statement about who children imitate is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children are more likely to imitate those with whom they have positive relationships. 
B)  Children rarely imitate people other than their parents. 
C)  Children imitate all adults and peers equally. 
D)  Children rarely imitate adults. 
A)  Children are more likely to imitate those with whom they have positive relationships. 
B)  Children rarely imitate people other than their parents. 
C)  Children imitate all adults and peers equally. 
D)  Children rarely imitate adults.

Question 17

Knowledge of child-development research can inform social policy decisions of both citizens and politicians. Which social policy area is NOT impacted by research findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  maternity leave 
B)  childcare 
C)  eyewitness testimony 
D)  parenting 
A)  maternity leave 
B)  childcare 
C)  eyewitness testimony 
D)  parenting

Question 18

Which factor contributes to the stability exhibited by many individual differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  stability in child's genes 
B)  stability of environment 
C)  both stability in child's genes and stability of environment 
D)  neither stability in child's genes nor stability of environment 
A)  stability in child's genes 
B)  stability of environment 
C)  both stability in child's genes and stability of environment 
D)  neither stability in child's genes nor stability of environment

Question 19

Which variable is NOT a dimension of psychological functioning that is typically considered crucial for a broad range of outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of children in family 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  intelligence 
D)  attachment 
A)  number of children in family 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  intelligence 
D)  attachment

Question 20

Sensitive periods occur in which domains of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  physical and cognitive 
B)  physical, cognitive, and intellectual 
C)  physical, cognitive, intellectual, and social 
D)  physical, cognitive, intellectual, social, and emotional 
A)  physical and cognitive 
B)  physical, cognitive, and intellectual 
C)  physical, cognitive, intellectual, and social 
D)  physical, cognitive, intellectual, social, and emotional

An example of self-initiated activity in the domain of gendered behavior is

Which statement describes a key component of the importance of children eliciting reactions from other people?

Aggressive children's hostile attributional bias is an example of the influence of

Which statement provides an example of the manner in which children contribute to their own environment by regulating their own behavior?

Which variable is NOT an example of the sociocultural context of development?

Before taking this course, what were your beliefs about whether development is generally gradual and continuous, or disjointed and discontinuous? What have you learned in this course that has either supported your beliefs or failed to support them? Be specific and provide detailed examples.

An example of a biological change mechanism is

Which statement provides an example of the contribution of metacognition to development?

_____ is an example of a domain-specific learning mechanism.

Which statement is NOT an example of nature eliciting nurture?

Which statement BEST summarizes the relationship between nature and nurture and their effect on child development?

The development of _____ is NOT influenced by societal values.

Which statement about cognitive mechanisms of change is TRUE?

Which statement about who children imitate is TRUE?

Knowledge of child-development research can inform social policy decisions of both citizens and politicians. Which social policy area is NOT impacted by research findings?

Which factor contributes to the stability exhibited by many individual differences?

Which variable is NOT a dimension of psychological functioning that is typically considered crucial for a broad range of outcomes?

Sensitive periods occur in which domains of development?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Filters

Exam 16: Conclusions

An example of self-initiated activity in the domain of gendered behavior is

Which statement describes a key component of the importance of children eliciting reactions from other people?

Aggressive children's hostile attributional bias is an example of the influence of

Which statement provides an example of the manner in which children contribute to their own environment by regulating their own behavior?

Which variable is NOT an example of the sociocultural context of development?

Before taking this course, what were your beliefs about whether development is generally gradual and continuous, or disjointed and discontinuous? What have you learned in this course that has either supported your beliefs or failed to support them? Be specific and provide detailed examples.

An example of a biological change mechanism is

Which statement provides an example of the contribution of metacognition to development?

_____ is an example of a domain-specific learning mechanism.

Which statement is NOT an example of nature eliciting nurture?

Which statement BEST summarizes the relationship between nature and nurture and their effect on child development?

The development of _____ is NOT influenced by societal values.

Which statement about cognitive mechanisms of change is TRUE?

Which statement about who children imitate is TRUE?

Knowledge of child-development research can inform social policy decisions of both citizens and politicians. Which social policy area is NOT impacted by research findings?

Which factor contributes to the stability exhibited by many individual differences?

Which variable is NOT a dimension of psychological functioning that is typically considered crucial for a broad range of outcomes?

Sensitive periods occur in which domains of development?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Filters